Difference between revisions of "BND"

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|start=1 April 1956
 
|start=1 April 1956
 
|predecessors=Gehlen Organization
 
|predecessors=Gehlen Organization
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|leaders=Bundesnachrichtendienst/President
+
|leaders=BND/President
 
|website=http://www.bnd.de
 
|website=http://www.bnd.de
−
|headquarters=Pullach and Berlin (starting 2014)
+
|logo=Bundesnachrichtendienst.svg
 +
|abbreviation=BND
 +
|headquarters=Pullach, Berlin (starting 2014)
 
|num_staff=6500
 
|num_staff=6500
 +
|powerbase=http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Bundesnachrichtendienst
 +
|sourcewatch=http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bundesnachrichtendienst
 
}}
 
}}
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The [[Bundesnachrichtendienst]] (BND) is the foreign [[intelligence agency]] of [[Germany]].<ref>[http://www.bnd.de/nn_1435162/EN/WirUeberUns/WirUeberUns__node.html?__nnn=true  About BND], Bundesnchrichtendienst, accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>
+
The '''Bundesnachrichtendienst''' ('''BND''') is the foreign [[intelligence agency]] of [[Germany]].<ref>[http://www.bnd.de/nn_1435162/EN/WirUeberUns/WirUeberUns__node.html?__nnn=true  About BND], Bundesnchrichtendienst, accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
−
The BND was formed in 1956 on the basis of the [[Gehlen Organization]] controlled by former Nazi General [[Reinhard Gehlen]] who remained as head until 1968.<ref>Daniele Ganser, NATO's Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, Frank Cass, 2005, pp.200-201.</ref>
+
{{FA|Gehlen Organization}}
 +
[[image:Reinhard Gehlen 1945.jpg|thumb|left]]
 +
The BND was formed in [[1956]] on the basis of the [[Gehlen Organization]] controlled by former Nazi General [[Reinhard Gehlen]] who remained as head until 1968.<ref>[[Daniele Ganser]], NATO's Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, Frank Cass, 2005, pp.200-201.</ref>
  
−
The U.S. army intelligence (CIC) working in Germany 1945 was interested in Gehlen's files which he hid at the end of [[World War II]] before contacting CIC. The common enemy was now communist [[Russia]] and Gehlen had sensitive information on them. In [[Operation Rusty]] the CIC recruited and funded the former German service. One of the many released memos under the [[Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act]]<ref>National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 146, Released Under Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, February 4, 2005, accessed Nov 23, 2014, http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/index.htm</ref>
+
The U.S. army intelligence (CIC) working in Germany 1945 was interested in Gehlen's files which he hid at the end of [[World War II]] before contacting CIC. The common enemy was now communist [[Russia]] and Gehlen had sensitive information on them. In [[Operation Rusty]] the CIC recruited and funded the former German service. One of the many released memos under the [[Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act]] read:<ref>National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 146, Released Under Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, February 4, 2005, accessed Nov 23, 2014, http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/index.htm</ref> {{QB|"[...] my meeting with General Gehlen, June, 1945 [...]
−
read: {{QB|"[...] my meeting with General Gehlen, June, 1945 [...]
 
  
 
Colonel Philip was very favorably impressed with Gehlen's men and their intelligence capabilities. He agreed that they would be a desirable unit working for General Siebert as Theater G-2 [Red Army controlled areas] and thenceforth supported the project to the fullest.
 
Colonel Philip was very favorably impressed with Gehlen's men and their intelligence capabilities. He agreed that they would be a desirable unit working for General Siebert as Theater G-2 [Red Army controlled areas] and thenceforth supported the project to the fullest.
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[...]
 
[...]
  
−
General Siebert wanted the men and the documents kept together, and that General Siebert had agreed with my recommendation that we reconstitute the group as far as possible." - John R. Boker, Jr.<ref>CIC Memo: Report of Initial Contacts with General Gehlen's Organization, John R. Boker, Jr., May 1, 1952. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/doc06.pdf</ref>}}
+
General Siebert wanted the men and the documents kept together, and that General Siebert had agreed with my recommendation that we reconstitute the group as far as possible." - John R. Boker, Jr.<ref>CIC Memo: Report of Initial Contacts with General Gehlen's Organization, John R. Boker,May 1, 1952. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/doc06.pdf</ref>}}
  
−
In 1946 Gehlen is transferred to the U.S. with part of his staff, another part stays in Germany. In the words of a CIA analyst: after the Nazis' return they work "''first under U.S. Army and later CIA trusteeship, then [1956] accepted by Bonn as the BND.''"<ref>CIA HISTORICAL REVIEW PROGRAM, The Service: The Memoirs of General Reinhard Gehlen by Reinhard Gehlen. Book review by Anonymous, 2 JULY 96, accessed Nov 23, 2014,
+
In [[1946]] Gehlen is transferred to the U.S. with part of his staff, another part stays in Germany. In the words of a CIA analyst: after the Nazis' return they work "''first under U.S. Army and later CIA trusteeship, then [1956] accepted by Bonn as the BND.''"<ref>CIA HISTORICAL REVIEW PROGRAM, The Service: The Memoirs of General Reinhard Gehlen by Reinhard Gehlen. Book review by Anonymous, 2 JULY 96, accessed Nov 23, 2014,
 
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol16no3/html/v16i3a06p_0001.htm</ref>
 
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol16no3/html/v16i3a06p_0001.htm</ref>
  
−
The BND has a permanent residency in Washington and BND personal is regularly briefed by CIA personal. As an example, a typical CIA memo from 1984 notes that BND Department Chief [[Dr.Rudolf Werner]] (responsible for [[Operation Gladio]] in  Germany) "has been very receptive to encouragement and advice from CIA officers in Munich [HQ of BND in Germany] and Headquarters."<ref>http://operation-gladio.net/rudolf-werner</ref> Werner "BELIEVED THAT THE EMPHASIS MUST HENCEFORTH BE PLACED ON ACTIVE INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION IN BOTH PEACETIME AND WAR, AS DISTINCT FROM A STAYBEHIND PROGRAM RESERVED FOR ACTIVATION ONLY IN HOSTILITIES. HIS TERM FOR STAYBEHIND ASSETS NOW ON CASCOPE'S (CIA alias for BND) ROLES IS "SLEEPERS." the declassified momos note.
+
The BND has a permanent residency in Washington and BND personal is regularly briefed by [[CIA]] personal. As an example, a typical CIA memo from [[1984]] notes that BND Department Chief [[Dr.Rudolf Werner]] (responsible for [[Operation Gladio]] in  Germany)  
 +
{{QB|"has been very receptive to encouragement and advice from CIA officers in Munich [HQ of BND in Germany] and Headquarters."<ref>http://operation-gladio.net/rudolf-werner</ref> Werner "BELIEVED THAT THE EMPHASIS MUST HENCEFORTH BE PLACED ON ACTIVE INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION IN BOTH PEACETIME AND WAR, AS DISTINCT FROM A STAYBEHIND PROGRAM RESERVED FOR ACTIVATION ONLY IN HOSTILITIES. HIS TERM FOR STAYBEHIND ASSETS NOW ON CASCOPE'S (CIA alias for BND) ROLES IS "SLEEPERS."
 +
}}
 +
the declassified memos note.
 +
 
 +
===Pullach===
 +
The initial location of the BND headquarter in [[Pullach]] (south of Munich) is on the property and in the buildings of the so-called "Sonnenwinkel" (sun angle), which was formerly the estate of [[Martin Bormann]] built for him and his staff.<ref>https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/dokumentation-obersalzberg-in-pullach-war-martin-bormann-100.html</ref>
 +
 
 +
In the autumn/spring of 1968/69, there was a series of mysterious [[suicides]] of high-ranking spooks, including Vice President [[Horst Wendland]], who shot himself at the official headquarters in Pullach. A total of 22 people connected to the agency died.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170428174741/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-43231231.html</ref>
  
 
==Activities==
 
==Activities==
−
The BND has been spying on European politicians and enterprises at the behest of the [[NSA]] for over a decade. BND workers picked up on this – which had nothing to do with a bilateral US-Germany agreement signed in 2002 to pool efforts to combat "[[terrorism]]" – and have been complaining about it since at least 2008.<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/04/24/bnd_nsa_spying_collaboration/</ref>  
+
[[image:Zentrale des Bundesnachrichtendienst Berlin.jpg|thumb|right|The new BND headquarters in the middle of [[Berlin]], finished in 2014. The building is the world's largest intelligence building, somewhat larger than the [[CIA]] headquarters at [[Langley]].]]
 +
The BND has been spying on European politicians and enterprises at the behest of the [[NSA]] for decades. BND workers picked up on this – which had nothing to do with a bilateral US-Germany agreement signed in 2002 to pool efforts to combat "[[terrorism]]" – and have been complaining about it since at least 2008.<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/04/24/bnd_nsa_spying_collaboration/</ref>
 +
 
 +
===1956 coup offer===
 +
In 1956 [[Reinhard Gehlen]] offered to execute a coup if the [[SPD|Social Democrats]] came to power in a "neutralist" coalition government. If things get this far, Gehlen said to a high-ranking CIA-liaison that he would feel "morally justified to take all conceivable countermeasures - including the formation of an illegal apparatus in the Federal Republic to combat the German supporters of a pro-Soviet policy". Gehlen wanted to discuss such a plan conspiratorially in Washington, in the smallest circle.<ref>https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/deutschland-bnd-chef-gehlen-plante-staatsstreich-a-195690.html</ref>
 +
 
 +
===Closeness to media===
 +
BND had from early on particularly close connections to the influential political news magazine ''[[Spiegel]]''. In the 50s, the former SS-Hauptsturmführer [[Horst Mahnke]] and the former SS-Obersturmführer [[Georg Wolff]] acted as senior editors at the magazine. Mahnke reported extensively from the editorial office to the "Org", from where. The managing editor, later editor-in-chief and publishing director of ''Spiegel'', [[Hans Detlev Becker]], maintained a personal friendship with Gehlen's Hamburg governor, BND Vice President [[Hans-Heinrich Worgitzky]].<ref name=Kompa>https://web.archive.org/web/20170331205516/https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Im-SPIEGEL-des-BND-3389510.html?seite=2</ref>
 +
 
 +
In return, the BND helped ''Spiegel'' create the myth of a politically "left-liberal" independent magazine, thanks to the 1962 [[Spiegel affair]], in which employees of the news magazine were subjected to an investigation procedure for possible [[treason]] due to an article about the West German defense capability. Large sections of the West German public saw this as an attempt to silence an unpopular publication. [[Rudolf Augstein]] and [[Hans Detlev Becker]] went to prison for press freedom in a PR-effective manner, but were politically not far from the right-wing BND.<ref name=Kompa/>
  
 
===Involvement in state terrorism===
 
===Involvement in state terrorism===
Line 44: Line 66:
  
 
In an interview in Die Zeit, former Chancellor and deep politics insider [[Helmut Schmidt]] said:  
 
In an interview in Die Zeit, former Chancellor and deep politics insider [[Helmut Schmidt]] said:  
−
{{QB|„Ich habe den Verdacht, daß sich alle Terrorismen, egal, ob die deutsche RAF, die italienischen Brigate Rosse, die Franzosen, Iren, Spanier oder Araber, in ihrer Menschenverachtung wenig nehmen. Sie werden übertroffen von bestimmten Formen von Staatsterrorismus“.
+
{{QB|I have a suspicion that all terrorisms no matter if it is the German RAF, the Italian [[Brigate Rosse]], the French, Irish, Spaniards or Arabs are similar in their contempt for mankind. They are seconded only by certain forms of state terrorism.<ref>Giovanni di Lorenzo, "Ich bin in Schuld verstrickt", Interview with Helmut Schmidt, Die Zeit, Aug 30, 2007, accessed Nov 24, 2014, http://www.zeit.de/2007/36/Interview-Helmut-Schmidt/komplettansicht</ref>}}
−
 
 
−
Translation:
 
−
"I have a suspicion that all terrorisms no matter if it is the German RAF, the italian Brigate Rosse, the French, Irish, Spaniards or Arabs are similar in their contempt for mankind. They are seconded only by certain forms of state terrorism."<ref>Giovanni di Lorenzo, "Ich bin in Schuld verstrickt", Interview with Helmut Schmidt, Die Zeit, Aug 30, 2007, accessed Nov 24, 2014, http://www.zeit.de/2007/36/Interview-Helmut-Schmidt/komplettansicht</ref>}}
 
 
      
 
      
 
Asked what he meant by "[[state terrorism]]" he responded: "Let's leave it there. But I really mean what I say."
 
Asked what he meant by "[[state terrorism]]" he responded: "Let's leave it there. But I really mean what I say."
Line 54: Line 73:
 
The BND was responsible for briefing the [[Iraq]]i defector known as '[[Curveball]]' after he claimed asylum in Germany in 1999. His stories would later form the basis of a claim in [[George W. Bush]]'s 2003 state of the union address that Iraq had mobile biological weapons labs.<ref>Bob Drogin, Curveball, Ebury Press, pp.366-367.</ref>
 
The BND was responsible for briefing the [[Iraq]]i defector known as '[[Curveball]]' after he claimed asylum in Germany in 1999. His stories would later form the basis of a claim in [[George W. Bush]]'s 2003 state of the union address that Iraq had mobile biological weapons labs.<ref>Bob Drogin, Curveball, Ebury Press, pp.366-367.</ref>
  
−
==People==
+
===Syria false flags===
−
===Presidents===
+
In a secret briefing to on 1 September 2013, reported by ''Der Spiegel'', BND chief [[Gerhard Schindler]] told German lawmakers that the BND analysis was that the [[Bashar Assad|Assad]] government was responsible for a chemical weapons attack in the [[Damascus]] area the preceding month:
−
*[[Reinhard Gehlen]] 1956-1968
+
::He said that the BND listened in on a conversation between a high-ranking member of the Lebanese militia Hezbollah, which supports Assad and provides his regime with military assistance, and the Iranian Embassy. The Hezbollah functionary, Schindler reported, seems to have admitted that poison gas was used. He said that Assad lost his nerves and made a big mistake by ordering the chemical weapons attack.<ref>http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/german-intelligence-contributes-to-fact-finding-on-syria-gas-attack-a-920123.html </ref>
−
*[[Gerhard Wessel]] 1968-1978
 
−
*Dr [[Klaus Kinkel]] 1979-1982
 
−
*[[Eberhard Blum]] 1982-1985
 
−
*[[Heribert Hellenbroich]] August 1985
 
−
*Dr [[Hans-Georg Wieck]] 1985-1990
 
−
*[[Konrad Porzner]] 1990-1996
 
−
*Dr [[Hansjörg Geiger]] 1996-1998
 
−
*Dr [[August Hanning]] 1998-2005
 
−
*[[Ernst Uhrlau]] 2005-<ref>[http://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktuelles/aus_dem_archiv/galerie/00246/index.html?index=0&id=0&nr=3 Die Präsidenten des Bundesnachrichtendienstes], Das Bundesarchiv, accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>
 
  
−
===Vice Presidents===
 
−
*Dr. [[Arndt Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven]] Vice President
 
−
*Maj. Gen. [[Armin Hasenpusch]] Vice president for Military Affairs
 
−
*[[Werner Ober]] Vice President for Central Functions and Modernization
 
  
−
==Structure==
+
==Leaders==
−
*Directorate GL: Situation Centre
+
{{FA|BND/President}}
−
*Directorate UF: Specialised Supporting Services
 
−
*Directorate EA: Areas of Operation/Liason
 
−
*Directorate TA: Signals Intelligence
 
−
*Directorate LA: Region A Countries
 
−
*Directorate LB: Region B Countries
 
−
*Directorate TE: Terrorism and International Organised Crime
 
−
*Directorate TW: Proliferation, NBC Weapons
 
−
*Directorate SI: Security
 
−
*Directorate TU: Technical Support
 
−
*Directorate TK: Technical Development
 
−
*Directorate UM: Relocation
 
−
*Directorate ZY: Central Services<ref>[http://www.bnd.de/nn_1435556/EN/Struktur/Struktur__node.html?__nnn=true Structure], Bundesnachrichtendienst, accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>
 
 
{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>

Latest revision as of 07:19, 19 December 2024

Group.png BND   Powerbase Sourcewatch WebsiteRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Bundesnachrichtendienst.svg
AbbreviationBND
Predecessor Gehlen Organization
Formation1 April 1956
Parent organizationGermany
HeadquartersPullach, Berlin (starting 2014)
LeaderBND/President
TypeIntelligence agency.png intelligence agency
Staff6,500
Interest ofAristide Brunello, Richard Christmann, Katherine Horton
Subpage•BND/President

The Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany.[1]

History

Full article: Stub class article Gehlen Organization
Reinhard Gehlen 1945.jpg

The BND was formed in 1956 on the basis of the Gehlen Organization controlled by former Nazi General Reinhard Gehlen who remained as head until 1968.[2]

The U.S. army intelligence (CIC) working in Germany 1945 was interested in Gehlen's files which he hid at the end of World War II before contacting CIC. The common enemy was now communist Russia and Gehlen had sensitive information on them. In Operation Rusty the CIC recruited and funded the former German service. One of the many released memos under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act read:[3]

"[...] my meeting with General Gehlen, June, 1945 [...]

Colonel Philip was very favorably impressed with Gehlen's men and their intelligence capabilities. He agreed that they would be a desirable unit working for General Siebert as Theater G-2 [Red Army controlled areas] and thenceforth supported the project to the fullest.

In order to keep up the morale of the Gehlen Group, we arranged that those who were within a day's visit of their family should visit their homes. In the case of those who were further removed, I arranged to have Lt. Landauer make a round trip, taking letters and a few items of American stores to their families.

[...]

General Siebert wanted the men and the documents kept together, and that General Siebert had agreed with my recommendation that we reconstitute the group as far as possible." - John R. Boker, Jr.[4]

In 1946 Gehlen is transferred to the U.S. with part of his staff, another part stays in Germany. In the words of a CIA analyst: after the Nazis' return they work "first under U.S. Army and later CIA trusteeship, then [1956] accepted by Bonn as the BND."[5]

The BND has a permanent residency in Washington and BND personal is regularly briefed by CIA personal. As an example, a typical CIA memo from 1984 notes that BND Department Chief Dr.Rudolf Werner (responsible for Operation Gladio in Germany)

"has been very receptive to encouragement and advice from CIA officers in Munich [HQ of BND in Germany] and Headquarters."[6] Werner "BELIEVED THAT THE EMPHASIS MUST HENCEFORTH BE PLACED ON ACTIVE INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION IN BOTH PEACETIME AND WAR, AS DISTINCT FROM A STAYBEHIND PROGRAM RESERVED FOR ACTIVATION ONLY IN HOSTILITIES. HIS TERM FOR STAYBEHIND ASSETS NOW ON CASCOPE'S (CIA alias for BND) ROLES IS "SLEEPERS."

the declassified memos note.

Pullach

The initial location of the BND headquarter in Pullach (south of Munich) is on the property and in the buildings of the so-called "Sonnenwinkel" (sun angle), which was formerly the estate of Martin Bormann built for him and his staff.[7]

In the autumn/spring of 1968/69, there was a series of mysterious suicides of high-ranking spooks, including Vice President Horst Wendland, who shot himself at the official headquarters in Pullach. A total of 22 people connected to the agency died.[8]

Activities

The new BND headquarters in the middle of Berlin, finished in 2014. The building is the world's largest intelligence building, somewhat larger than the CIA headquarters at Langley.

The BND has been spying on European politicians and enterprises at the behest of the NSA for decades. BND workers picked up on this – which had nothing to do with a bilateral US-Germany agreement signed in 2002 to pool efforts to combat "terrorism" – and have been complaining about it since at least 2008.[9]

1956 coup offer

In 1956 Reinhard Gehlen offered to execute a coup if the Social Democrats came to power in a "neutralist" coalition government. If things get this far, Gehlen said to a high-ranking CIA-liaison that he would feel "morally justified to take all conceivable countermeasures - including the formation of an illegal apparatus in the Federal Republic to combat the German supporters of a pro-Soviet policy". Gehlen wanted to discuss such a plan conspiratorially in Washington, in the smallest circle.[10]

Closeness to media

BND had from early on particularly close connections to the influential political news magazine Spiegel. In the 50s, the former SS-Hauptsturmführer Horst Mahnke and the former SS-Obersturmführer Georg Wolff acted as senior editors at the magazine. Mahnke reported extensively from the editorial office to the "Org", from where. The managing editor, later editor-in-chief and publishing director of Spiegel, Hans Detlev Becker, maintained a personal friendship with Gehlen's Hamburg governor, BND Vice President Hans-Heinrich Worgitzky.[11]

In return, the BND helped Spiegel create the myth of a politically "left-liberal" independent magazine, thanks to the 1962 Spiegel affair, in which employees of the news magazine were subjected to an investigation procedure for possible treason due to an article about the West German defense capability. Large sections of the West German public saw this as an attempt to silence an unpopular publication. Rudolf Augstein and Hans Detlev Becker went to prison for press freedom in a PR-effective manner, but were politically not far from the right-wing BND.[11]

Involvement in state terrorism

Full article: Rated 5/5 Operation Gladio

The BND (alias: CASCOPE in referenced document) runs a stay-behind network subordinated to NATO's Central Planing Committee (CPC).[12] The CPC is a secretive body run by CIA and U.S. Army officials in Brussels.

The stay-behind network consists of paramilitary right-wingers and Nazi Parties with access to weapons and explosives depots. For these other similarly fostered groups over 1000 "issues" are recorded per year in Germany, including murders and bombing campaigns. Control has shifted from the BND to other German services like MAD (military intelligence) and VS (Verfassungsschutz, FBI equivalent).[13]

When the German Nazi Party NPD (Nazionalsozialistische Partei Deutschlands) should be forbidden in 2003, the German High Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) refused to decide on the grounds that the higher echelons of the party are run by secret agents of the VS and the NPD "misses distance to state organs". Ironically, the politicians who first initiated the case would later refuse to tell the court the identities of those agents.

In an interview in Die Zeit, former Chancellor and deep politics insider Helmut Schmidt said:

I have a suspicion that all terrorisms no matter if it is the German RAF, the Italian Brigate Rosse, the French, Irish, Spaniards or Arabs are similar in their contempt for mankind. They are seconded only by certain forms of state terrorism.[14]

Asked what he meant by "state terrorism" he responded: "Let's leave it there. But I really mean what I say."

Iraq

The BND was responsible for briefing the Iraqi defector known as 'Curveball' after he claimed asylum in Germany in 1999. His stories would later form the basis of a claim in George W. Bush's 2003 state of the union address that Iraq had mobile biological weapons labs.[15]

Syria false flags

In a secret briefing to on 1 September 2013, reported by Der Spiegel, BND chief Gerhard Schindler told German lawmakers that the BND analysis was that the Assad government was responsible for a chemical weapons attack in the Damascus area the preceding month:

He said that the BND listened in on a conversation between a high-ranking member of the Lebanese militia Hezbollah, which supports Assad and provides his regime with military assistance, and the Iranian Embassy. The Hezbollah functionary, Schindler reported, seems to have admitted that poison gas was used. He said that Assad lost his nerves and made a big mistake by ordering the chemical weapons attack.[16]


Leaders

Full article: Stub class article BND/President

 

Job here

EventJobAppointedEnd
Trond JohansenIntelligence liaison19541958

 

Employees on Wikispooks

EmployeeJobAppointedEndDescription
Erich DethleffsenLeader of Analysis SectionJuly 19581968
Willi KrichbaumHead of the General Agency L19481961Former Deputy Gestapo Chief
Arndt Freytag von LoringhovenBND/Deputy Director20072010

 

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References

  1. ↑ About BND, Bundesnchrichtendienst, accessed 5 September 2009.
  2. ↑ Daniele Ganser, NATO's Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, Frank Cass, 2005, pp.200-201.
  3. ↑ National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 146, Released Under Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, February 4, 2005, accessed Nov 23, 2014, http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/index.htm
  4. ↑ CIC Memo: Report of Initial Contacts with General Gehlen's Organization, John R. Boker,May 1, 1952. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB146/doc06.pdf
  5. ↑ CIA HISTORICAL REVIEW PROGRAM, The Service: The Memoirs of General Reinhard Gehlen by Reinhard Gehlen. Book review by Anonymous, 2 JULY 96, accessed Nov 23, 2014, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol16no3/html/v16i3a06p_0001.htm
  6. ↑ http://operation-gladio.net/rudolf-werner
  7. ↑ https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/dokumentation-obersalzberg-in-pullach-war-martin-bormann-100.html
  8. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170428174741/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-43231231.html
  9. ↑ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/04/24/bnd_nsa_spying_collaboration/
  10. ↑ https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/deutschland-bnd-chef-gehlen-plante-staatsstreich-a-195690.html
  11. ↑ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20170331205516/https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Im-SPIEGEL-des-BND-3389510.html?seite=2
  12. ↑ CIA memo: CPC Support to SACEUR, Sept 6, 1984, accessed Sept 8, 2013, http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1705143/ZUBER,%20EBRULF%20%20%20VOL.%202_0110.pdf
  13. ↑ Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund (NSU), Jul 31, 2013, accessed Nov 24, 2014, http://ueberhauptgarnix.blogspot.de/2012/09/uwe-mundlos-mitglied-der-nsu.html
  14. ↑ Giovanni di Lorenzo, "Ich bin in Schuld verstrickt", Interview with Helmut Schmidt, Die Zeit, Aug 30, 2007, accessed Nov 24, 2014, http://www.zeit.de/2007/36/Interview-Helmut-Schmidt/komplettansicht
  15. ↑ Bob Drogin, Curveball, Ebury Press, pp.366-367.
  16. ↑ http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/german-intelligence-contributes-to-fact-finding-on-syria-gas-attack-a-920123.html
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