Difference between revisions of "Propaganda Due"
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{{group | {{group | ||
|WP=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_Due | |WP=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_Due | ||
| − | |description=The Masonic lodge most deeply involved in [[Operation Gladio]]. | + | |description=The Masonic lodge most deeply involved in [[Operation Gladio]], apparently used by the CIA to subvert the Italian state. |
|start=1945 | |start=1945 | ||
|end=1981 | |end=1981 | ||
|abbreviation=P2 | |abbreviation=P2 | ||
|constitutes=Masonic lodge | |constitutes=Masonic lodge | ||
| + | |historycommons=http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=propaganda_due_1 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | The lodge was run by [[Licio Gelli]] for many years. It emerged as an integral part of [[Operation Gladio]]. | + | The lodge was run by [[Licio Gelli]] for many years. It emerged as an integral part of [[Operation Gladio]]. [[Oswald LeWinter]] describes it as a "wholly owned subsidiary of the company [i.e.the [[CIA]]] in Italy". [[Vincenzo Vinciguerra]] stated that "It didn't have a military role, but rather a role in internal subversion".<ref>[[Operation Gladio (film)]], ~77 minutes</ref> |
==Exposure== | ==Exposure== | ||
Revision as of 03:50, 3 December 2015
 Propaganda Due  (Masonic lodge)   | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | P2 |
| Formation | 1945 |
| Extinction | 1981 |
| Interest of | Giovanni Allavena, Sergio Flamigni |
| Subpage | •Propaganda Due/Member |
| The Masonic lodge most deeply involved in Operation Gladio, apparently used by the CIA to subvert the Italian state. | |
The lodge was run by Licio Gelli for many years. It emerged as an integral part of Operation Gladio. Oswald LeWinter describes it as a "wholly owned subsidiary of the company [i.e.the CIA] in Italy". Vincenzo Vinciguerra stated that "It didn't have a military role, but rather a role in internal subversion".[1]
Contents
Exposure
During the years that the lodge was headed by Licio Gelli, P2 was implicated in numerous Italian crimes and mysteries, including the collapse of the Vatican-affiliated Banco Ambrosiano, the murders of journalist Mino Pecorelli and banker Roberto Calvi, and corruption cases within the nationwide bribe scandal Tangentopoli. P2 came to light through the investigations into the collapse of Michele Sindona's financial empire.[2]
When searching Licio Gelli's villa in 1982, the police found a document called the "Plan for Democratic Rebirth", which called for a consolidation of the media, suppression of trade unions, and the rewriting of the Italian Constitution.[3]
Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry
The Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry, headed by Anselmi, concluded that the P2 lodge was a secret criminal organization. Allegations of surreptitious international relationships, mainly with Argentina (Gelli repeatedly suggested that he was a close friend of Juan Perón) and with some people suspected of affiliation with the CIA were also partly confirmed; but soon a political debate overtook the legal level of the analysis.[4] The majority report said that P2 action resulted in "... the pollution of the public life of a nation. It aimed to alter, often in decisive fashion, the correct functioning of the institutions of the country, according to a project which ... intended to undermine our democracy." A minority report by Massimo Teodori concluded that P2 was not just an abnormal outgrowth from an essentially healthy system, as upheld by the majority report, but an inherent part of the system itself.[5]
Outside Italy
The lodge was also active outside Italy, specifically in Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina, with Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Argentina's interim president (between 13 July 1973 and 12 October 1973) during the height of the "Dirty War" among its members.
An event carried out
| Event | Description |
|---|---|
| Operation Demagnetize | "The institutional hardening of Gladio", an expansion of Gladio in the late 1940s, early 1950s. |
Related Document
| Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Document:Gladio - The Secret U.S. War To Subvert Italian Democracy | essay | 23 February 1996 | Arthur E. Rowse |
