Difference between revisions of "African swine fever"
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===Cuba=== | ===Cuba=== | ||
| − | As part of a broader campaign | + | As part of a broader campaign to damage the Cuban population and agricultural production, that included chemical and many other [[biological warfare|biological]] agents<ref name=ebrary>https://ebrary.net/146426/political_science/biological_warfare_african_swine_fever</ref> and [[weather modification]], African swine fever was released on the island. In June 23, 1971, the ''[[Granma]]'' newspaper reported the appearance of it in the province of [[Havana]]. This was the first outbreak of swine fever in the [[Western Hemisphere]], listed by the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations (FAO) as “[...] the most alarming event of [[1971]]<ref>Judith Miller, William J. Broad and Stephen Engelberg: Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War (London: Simon 6c Schuster, 2001).</ref>. Cuban authorities were forced to slaughter more than 500.000 animals, including high-value genetic ones. |
There was no link that could induce the disease to enter Cuba through a normal route. This was verified in the scientific investigations carried out—in parallel to the campaign for its liquidation—of the possible routes or channels of penetration into the country. The investigations included not only epidemiological but also forensic studies. Bones of animals that had died months before the plague were exhumed, and it was verified in laboratories that the disease had not been present in the national territory before the actual date. In the same way, the impossibility of its introduction through commercial channels, travelers or other causes was precisely determined. | There was no link that could induce the disease to enter Cuba through a normal route. This was verified in the scientific investigations carried out—in parallel to the campaign for its liquidation—of the possible routes or channels of penetration into the country. The investigations included not only epidemiological but also forensic studies. Bones of animals that had died months before the plague were exhumed, and it was verified in laboratories that the disease had not been present in the national territory before the actual date. In the same way, the impossibility of its introduction through commercial channels, travelers or other causes was precisely determined. | ||
| − | In 1977, The ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''<ref>CIA Link to Cuban Pig Virus Reported”. In: The San Francisco Chronicle (January 10, 1977).</ref> revealed that a U.S. intelligence officer stressed that, in March 1971, “[...] he was given the virus in a sealed, unmarked container [...] with instructions to turn it over to the [[anti-Castro group]].” This had happened at Fort Gulick, a military base of the U.S. Army, located in the [[Panama Canal zone]], that was also used for CIA training. | + | In 1977, The ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''<ref>CIA Link to Cuban Pig Virus Reported”. In: The San Francisco Chronicle (January 10, 1977).</ref> revealed that a U.S. intelligence officer stressed that, in March 1971, “[...] he was given the virus in a sealed, unmarked container [...] with instructions to turn it over to the [[anti-Castro group]].” This had happened at Fort Gulick, a military base of the U.S. Army, located in the [[Panama Canal zone]], that was also used for [[CIA]] training. the container was given to a person in the Canal Zone, who took it by boat and turned it over to persons aboard a fishing vessel at the Panamanian coast. |
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| + | A second attack occurred in January [[1980]], when the presence of the African swine fever virus was once again discovered and confirmed in the province of Guantanamo and in all the municipalities close to the [[Guantanamo Bay|U.S. Naval base]] located in that province. In this second attack the virus had been manipulated in laboratories to confuse the Cuban experts.<ref name=ebrary/> | ||
==Russia== | ==Russia== | ||
Revision as of 23:33, 24 March 2022
 African swine fever  (disease, biological weapon)   | |
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 Pigs being culled and burned on Cuba in 1971 | |
African swine fever is a highly infectious and contagious disease, not harmful to humans but deadly to pigs, that's has seen some huge epidemics since the early 2000s. A huge outbreak in mainland China resulted in more than 25% of the world's pigs, 100 million, either dying from the disease or (mostly) being culled since August 2018.[1] [2]
Contents
Cuba
As part of a broader campaign to damage the Cuban population and agricultural production, that included chemical and many other biological agents[3] and weather modification, African swine fever was released on the island. In June 23, 1971, the Granma newspaper reported the appearance of it in the province of Havana. This was the first outbreak of swine fever in the Western Hemisphere, listed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as “[...] the most alarming event of 1971[4]. Cuban authorities were forced to slaughter more than 500.000 animals, including high-value genetic ones.
There was no link that could induce the disease to enter Cuba through a normal route. This was verified in the scientific investigations carried out—in parallel to the campaign for its liquidation—of the possible routes or channels of penetration into the country. The investigations included not only epidemiological but also forensic studies. Bones of animals that had died months before the plague were exhumed, and it was verified in laboratories that the disease had not been present in the national territory before the actual date. In the same way, the impossibility of its introduction through commercial channels, travelers or other causes was precisely determined.
In 1977, The San Francisco Chronicle[5] revealed that a U.S. intelligence officer stressed that, in March 1971, “[...] he was given the virus in a sealed, unmarked container [...] with instructions to turn it over to the anti-Castro group.” This had happened at Fort Gulick, a military base of the U.S. Army, located in the Panama Canal zone, that was also used for CIA training. the container was given to a person in the Canal Zone, who took it by boat and turned it over to persons aboard a fishing vessel at the Panamanian coast.
A second attack occurred in January 1980, when the presence of the African swine fever virus was once again discovered and confirmed in the province of Guantanamo and in all the municipalities close to the U.S. Naval base located in that province. In this second attack the virus had been manipulated in laboratories to confuse the Cuban experts.[3]
Russia
In 2007, the virus spread to Georgia and into Russia and Eastern Europe. It is now endemic in regions of the Russian Federation, where domestic pigs and wild boar populations are widely affected.[6]
Drones
In 2019, the South China Morning Post reported that what was stated to be Chinese gangs are using drones to spread African swine fever in pig populations, infecting and subsequently killing several herds, and furthering the spread of this pathogen across Asia. The article quotes a local farm manager:
- "One of our branches once spotted drones air dropping unknown objects into our piggery, and later inspection found [the] virus in those things”[7]
References
- ↑ https://www.scmp.com/topics/african-swine-fever
- ↑ https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2019-09-18/one-quarter-of-worlds-pigs-killed-by-swine-fever/11524134
- ↑ a b https://ebrary.net/146426/political_science/biological_warfare_african_swine_fever
- ↑ Judith Miller, William J. Broad and Stephen Engelberg: Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War (London: Simon 6c Schuster, 2001).
- ↑ CIA Link to Cuban Pig Virus Reported”. In: The San Francisco Chronicle (January 10, 1977).
- ↑ https://graphics.reuters.com/CHINA-SWINEFEVER-FARMERS/010090DR0KM/index.html
- ↑ https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3042122/chinese-criminal-gangs-spreading-african-swine-fever-force
