Difference between revisions of "Communist Combatant Cells"

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{{Short description|Belgian terrorist group}}
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''This page imported content from the Wikipedia article as it appeared 3 March 2022.''
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{{Infobox militant organization
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{{group
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|name    = Cellules Communistes Combattantes<br>CCC
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|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Combatant_Cells
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|logo    = Communist Combatant Cells Logo.png
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|spartacus=
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|caption  = Logo of the CCC
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|constitutes=Urban guerrilla organization
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|dates    = {{Start date|1983}}–{{End date|1986|01}}
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|headquarters=
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|leader  = [[Pierre Carette]] and Bertrand Sassoye
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|founders=Pierre Carette
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|motives  =  
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|members=Bertrand Sassoye, Pascale Vandegeerde, Didier Chevolet, Didier Sampieri
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|area    = [[Belgium]]
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|start=1983
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|ideology = [[Marxism-Leninism]]<br />
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|end=1986
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|crimes  = Attacks on property and international organisation
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|image=Communist Combatant Cells.png
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|attacks  =
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|name     = Cellules Communistes Combattantes
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|status  = Inactive
 
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|size     =
 
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|revenue  =
 
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|financing= Robbery
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Cellules Communistes Combattantes''' ('''CCC'''; Communist Combatant Cells, also known as Fighting Communist Cells) was a [[Communism|Communist]] [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[Urban guerrilla warfare|urban guerrilla]] organization.
 
'''Cellules Communistes Combattantes''' ('''CCC'''; Communist Combatant Cells, also known as Fighting Communist Cells) was a [[Communism|Communist]] [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[Urban guerrilla warfare|urban guerrilla]] organization.
  
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The cells were active for less than two years in the mid-1980s; primarily engaged in [[bomb attack|bombings]] within Belgium's borders. CCC attacked perceived enemies of [[communism]], specifically [[NATO]], [[United States|US]] and other international businesses and the [[Federation of Belgian Enterprises]]. The Cellules Communistes Combattantes primarily targeted [[property]] rather than human representatives of [[capitalism]], [[NATO]], etc., and warned authorities ahead of an attack. Nevertheless, CCC bombings led to several injuries and two deaths.
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==History==
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The cells were active for less than two years in the mid-[[1980s]]; primarily engaged in [[bomb attack|bombings]] within Belgium's borders. CCC attacked perceived enemies of [[communism]], specifically [[NATO]], [[United States|US]] and other international businesses and the [[Federation of Belgian Enterprises]]. The Cellules Communistes Combattantes primarily targeted [[property]] rather than human representatives of [[capitalism]], [[NATO]], etc., and warned authorities ahead of an attack. Nevertheless, CCC bombings led to several injuries and two deaths.
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The CCC's spate of bombings in 1985, as well as the unrelated [[Brabant killers|Brabant killings]] at the time, shook this otherwise relatively tranquil country and created widespread security concerns. The government decided to deploy about 1,000 soldiers from the Belgian army as part of PM [[Wilfried Martens]]' security plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/24/world/belgium-is-shaken-by-bombs-and-crazy-killers.html|title=BELGIUM IS SHAKEN BY BOMBS AND 'CRAZY KILLERS'|first=Judith Miller and Special To the New York|last=Times|publisher=}}</ref>
 
  
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In December 1985, [[Law enforcement in Belgium|police]] arrested CCC leader and founder [[Pierre Carette]] and others, in an American-styled burger restaurant. Carette's conviction on 14 January 1986 essentially eliminated the CCC.
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The CCC's spate of bombings in [[1985]], as well as the unrelated [[Brabant killers|Brabant killings]] at the time, shook this otherwise relatively tranquil country and created widespread security concerns. The government decided to deploy about 1,000 soldiers from the Belgian army as part of PM [[Wilfried Martens]]' security plan.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/24/world/belgium-is-shaken-by-bombs-and-crazy-killers.html</ref>
  
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Pierre Carette was released from prison in February 2003. In 2008, [[Pierre Carette]] and Bertrand Sassoye were arrested again on parole violations and connections to the Italian terrorist group ''[[Political-Military Communist Party|Partito Comunista Politico-Militare]]'', but they were released by the court a few days later, on 18 June.<ref>{{Citation| title =CCC: 5 interpellations en Belgique| date =2008-06-05| url =http://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/judiciaire/ccc-5-interpellations-en-belgique| accessdate =2008-06-08| language =fr| url-status =dead| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080609023641/http://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/judiciaire/ccc-5-interpellations-en-belgique| archivedate =2008-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/justice-l-ex-chef-des-ccc-qui-a-respecte-sa_t-20080619-00GKQR.html|title=L’ex-chef des CCC, qui a respecté sa libération conditionnelle, est libre|last=Metdepenningen|first=Marc|date=June 19, 2008|work=[[Le Soir]]|accessdate=11 July 2011|language=fr}}</ref>
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In December 1985, [[Law enforcement in Belgium|police]] arrested CCC leader and founder [[Pierre Carette]] and others, in an American-styled burger restaurant. Carette's conviction on 14 January [[1986]] essentially eliminated the CCC.
  
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==Convicted members==
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Pierre Carette was released from prison in February [[2003]]. In [[2008]], [[Pierre Carette]] and Bertrand Sassoye were arrested again on parole violations and connections to the Italian terrorist group ''[[Political-Military Communist Party|Partito Comunista Politico-Militare]]'', but they were released by the court a few days later, on 18 June.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080609023641/http://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/judiciaire/ccc-5-interpellations-en-belgique</ref><ref>http://archives.lesoir.be/justice-l-ex-chef-des-ccc-qui-a-respecte-sa_t-20080619-00GKQR.html</ref>
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* [[Pierre Carette]]
 
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* Bertrand Sassoye
 
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* Pascale Vandegeerde
 
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* Didier Chevolet
 
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* Didier Sampieri
 
  
 
==Attacks==
 
==Attacks==
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* 2 October 1984 – attack against the American company [[Litton Industries]] in [[Evere]], on the 2nd anniversary of the [[Litton Industries bombing]] in Canada
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* 02 October 1984 – attack against the American company [[Litton Industries]] in Evere, on the 2nd anniversary of the [[Litton Industries bombing]] in Canada
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* 3 October 1984 – attack on the German company [[MAN SE|MAN AG]] in [[Groot-Bijgaarden]]
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* 03 October 1984 – attack on the German company [[MAN SE|MAN AG]] in Groot-Bijgaarden
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* 8 October 1984 – attack on the American company [[Honeywell]] in Evere
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* 08 October 1984 – attack on the American company [[Honeywell]] in Evere
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* 15 October 1984 – attack on the ''Paul Hymans'' institute (a [[liberalism|liberal]] organization in [[Ixelles]])
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* 15 October 1984 – attack on the ''Paul Hymans'' institute (a [[liberalism|liberal]] organization in Ixelles)
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* 17 October 1984 – attack on the [[Christelijke Volkspartij|CVP]] party bureau in [[Ghent]]
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* 17 October 1984 – attack on the [[Christelijke Volkspartij|CVP]] party bureau in Ghent
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* 26 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian military base in {{ill|Bierset|fr}}
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* 26 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian military base in Bierset
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* 11 December 1984 – attack on [[NATO]] pipelines in [[Ensival]], [[Gages]], {{ill|Gastuche|fr}}, [[Glons|Glaaien]] and [[Itter]]
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* 11 December 1984 – attack on [[NATO]] pipelines in Ensival, Gages, Gastuche, Glaaien and Itter
 
* 15 January 1985 – attack on a NATO/[[Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe|SHAPE]] support group in [[Woluwe-Saint-Lambert]]
 
* 15 January 1985 – attack on a NATO/[[Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe|SHAPE]] support group in [[Woluwe-Saint-Lambert]]
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* 1 May 1985 – attack on the [[Federation of Belgian Enterprises]], killing two firefighters and wounding 13 others
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* 01 May 1985 – attack on the [[Federation of Belgian Enterprises]], killing two firefighters and wounding 13 others
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* 6 May 1985 – attack on the Belgian police in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
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* 06 May 1985 – attack on the Belgian police in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
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* 8 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[Electrabel|Sibelgaz]] in [[Laeken]]
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* 08 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[Electrabel|Sibelgaz]] in Laeken
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* 12 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[Agoria|Fabrimetal]] in [[Charleroi]]
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* 12 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian company Fabrimetal in Charleroi
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* 4 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[ING Group|BBL]] in [[Etterbeek]]
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* 04 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[ING Group|BBL]] in Etterbeek
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* 4 November 1985 – attack on the American company [[Manufacturers Hanover Corporation]]
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* 04 November 1985 – attack on the American company [[Manufacturers Hanover Corporation]]
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* 4 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[Fortis (finance)|Generale Bank]] in Charleroi
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* 04 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company Generale Bank in Charleroi
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* 5 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[KBC Bank|KB Bank]] in [[Leuven]]<ref>{{Citation
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* 05 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company [[KBC Bank|KB Bank]] in Leuven <ref>In mededeling na CCC-aanslagen regering roept bevolking op tot waakzaamheid, [[De Standaard]], pages 1, 1985-11-06</ref>
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  | title = In mededeling na CCC-aanslagen regering roept bevolking op tot waakzaamheid
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* 05 November 1985 – attack on the American company [[Motorola]] in Watermael-Boitsfort
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  | journal = [[De Standaard]]
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* 04 December 1985 – attack on the American company [[Bank of America]] in Antwerp
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  | pages = 1
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* 06 December 1985 – attack on a NATO pipeline in Wortegem-Petegem
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  | date = 1985-11-06
 
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  |language=nl}}</ref>
 
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* 5 November 1985 – attack on the American company [[Motorola]] in [[Watermael-Boitsfort]]
 
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* 4 December 1985 – attack on the American company [[Bank of America]] in [[Antwerp]]
 
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* 6 December 1985 – attack on a NATO pipeline in [[Wortegem-Petegem]]
 
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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*[[Revolutionary Front for Proletarian Action]]
 
*[[Revolutionary Front for Proletarian Action]]
 
*[[Westland New Post]]
 
*[[Westland New Post]]
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{{PageCredit
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|site=Wikipedia
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|date=03 March 2022
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|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Combatant_Cells
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}}
  
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{{SMWDocs}}
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{Reflist}}
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{{reflist}}
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{{Authority control}}
 
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[[Category:Defunct communist militant groups]]
 
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[[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Belgium]]
 
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[[Category:Communism in Belgium]]
 
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[[Category:Communist organizations in Europe]]
 
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[[Category:Red Brigades]]
 
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[[Category:Far-left politics]]
 
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[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Belgium in the 1980s]]
 
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[[Category:Terrorism in Belgium]]
 
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[[Category:1980s in Belgium]]
 
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[[Category:1983 establishments in Belgium]]
 
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[[Category:Communist terrorism]]
 
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[[Category:1980s crimes in Belgium]]
 

Revision as of 21:47, 3 March 2022

This page imported content from the Wikipedia article as it appeared 3 March 2022.

Group.png Cellules Communistes Combattantes  
(Urban guerrilla organization)Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Communist Combatant Cells.png
Formation1983
Founder Pierre Carette
Extinction1986
Membership•  Bertrand Sassoye
•  Pascale Vandegeerde
•  Didier Chevolet
•  Didier Sampieri

Cellules Communistes Combattantes (CCC; Communist Combatant Cells, also known as Fighting Communist Cells) was a Communist Belgian urban guerrilla organization.

History

The cells were active for less than two years in the mid-1980s; primarily engaged in bombings within Belgium's borders. CCC attacked perceived enemies of communism, specifically NATO, US and other international businesses and the Federation of Belgian Enterprises. The Cellules Communistes Combattantes primarily targeted property rather than human representatives of capitalism, NATO, etc., and warned authorities ahead of an attack. Nevertheless, CCC bombings led to several injuries and two deaths.

The CCC's spate of bombings in 1985, as well as the unrelated Brabant killings at the time, shook this otherwise relatively tranquil country and created widespread security concerns. The government decided to deploy about 1,000 soldiers from the Belgian army as part of PM Wilfried Martens' security plan.[1]

In December 1985, police arrested CCC leader and founder Pierre Carette and others, in an American-styled burger restaurant. Carette's conviction on 14 January 1986 essentially eliminated the CCC.

Pierre Carette was released from prison in February 2003. In 2008, Pierre Carette and Bertrand Sassoye were arrested again on parole violations and connections to the Italian terrorist group Partito Comunista Politico-Militare, but they were released by the court a few days later, on 18 June.[2][3]

Attacks

  • 02 October 1984 – attack against the American company Litton Industries in Evere, on the 2nd anniversary of the Litton Industries bombing in Canada
  • 03 October 1984 – attack on the German company MAN AG in Groot-Bijgaarden
  • 08 October 1984 – attack on the American company Honeywell in Evere
  • 15 October 1984 – attack on the Paul Hymans institute (a liberal organization in Ixelles)
  • 17 October 1984 – attack on the CVP party bureau in Ghent
  • 26 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian military base in Bierset
  • 11 December 1984 – attack on NATO pipelines in Ensival, Gages, Gastuche, Glaaien and Itter
  • 15 January 1985 – attack on a NATO/SHAPE support group in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
  • 01 May 1985 – attack on the Federation of Belgian Enterprises, killing two firefighters and wounding 13 others
  • 06 May 1985 – attack on the Belgian police in Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
  • 08 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian company Sibelgaz in Laeken
  • 12 October 1985 – attack on the Belgian company Fabrimetal in Charleroi
  • 04 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company BBL in Etterbeek
  • 04 November 1985 – attack on the American company Manufacturers Hanover Corporation
  • 04 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company Generale Bank in Charleroi
  • 05 November 1985 – attack on the Belgian company KB Bank in Leuven [4]
  • 05 November 1985 – attack on the American company Motorola in Watermael-Boitsfort
  • 04 December 1985 – attack on the American company Bank of America in Antwerp
  • 06 December 1985 – attack on a NATO pipeline in Wortegem-Petegem

See also

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References

  1. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/24/world/belgium-is-shaken-by-bombs-and-crazy-killers.html
  2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080609023641/http://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/judiciaire/ccc-5-interpellations-en-belgique
  3. ↑ http://archives.lesoir.be/justice-l-ex-chef-des-ccc-qui-a-respecte-sa_t-20080619-00GKQR.html
  4. ↑ In mededeling na CCC-aanslagen regering roept bevolking op tot waakzaamheid, De Standaard, pages 1, 1985-11-06
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