Difference between revisions of "Permindex"
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==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | [[Permindex_inauguration_audience.jpg|left|300px|thumb|The inauguration of Permindex]] | + | [[image:Permindex_inauguration_audience.jpg|left|300px|thumb|The inauguration of Permindex]] |
Permindex was described as a [[holding company]] built with Canadian, Italian, Swiss, and United States capital.<ref name="Clark">[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/09/17/page/25/article/romes-trade-center-how-it-came-to-be Rome's Trade Center—How It Came to Be], Chicago Tribune, September 17 1960, Clark William</ref> As of [[1960]], it had 20 [[stockholders]].<ref name="Clark"/> In 1959, former [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] [[Ferenc Nagy]], said to be the president of Permindex, outlined the group's plans to build "Europe's first international shopping centre for businessmen" within the previously unfinished [[Esposizione Universale Roma]].<ref name="The Age"/><ref name=Ryan/> Permindex occupied 400,000 square feet within the four "palaces" under a nine-year lease with another nine-year option.<ref name="Clark"/> The project was modeled after and designed to compete with the [[International Trade Mart]] in [[New Orleans]].<ref name="The Age"/><ref name=Ryan/> The centre opened on January 16, 1960.<ref name="Design Council">Exhibitions: Trade centre in Rome, journal Design, 1960, issue 133, Design Council, John E. Blake, page 73</ref> | Permindex was described as a [[holding company]] built with Canadian, Italian, Swiss, and United States capital.<ref name="Clark">[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1960/09/17/page/25/article/romes-trade-center-how-it-came-to-be Rome's Trade Center—How It Came to Be], Chicago Tribune, September 17 1960, Clark William</ref> As of [[1960]], it had 20 [[stockholders]].<ref name="Clark"/> In 1959, former [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] [[Ferenc Nagy]], said to be the president of Permindex, outlined the group's plans to build "Europe's first international shopping centre for businessmen" within the previously unfinished [[Esposizione Universale Roma]].<ref name="The Age"/><ref name=Ryan/> Permindex occupied 400,000 square feet within the four "palaces" under a nine-year lease with another nine-year option.<ref name="Clark"/> The project was modeled after and designed to compete with the [[International Trade Mart]] in [[New Orleans]].<ref name="The Age"/><ref name=Ryan/> The centre opened on January 16, 1960.<ref name="Design Council">Exhibitions: Trade centre in Rome, journal Design, 1960, issue 133, Design Council, John E. Blake, page 73</ref> | ||
==Allegations== | ==Allegations== | ||
| − | + | [[Clay Shaw]], head of the International Trade Mart in New Orleans, represented the US on the board of directors for Permindex.<ref name="Clark"/><ref name=Holland>https://web.archive.org/web/20190330220028/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/fall_winter_2001/article02.html</ref> On March 1, 1967, Shaw was arrested and charged with conspiring to [[assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassinate President John F. Kennedy]] by New Orleans District Attorney [[Jim Garrison]].<ref name=Holland/> Three days later on March 4, the Italian [[left-wing]] newspaper ''Paese Sera'' published a story alleging that Shaw was linked to the CIA through his involvement in the Centro Mondiale Commerciale, a subsidiary of Permindex in which Shaw was also said to be a board member.<ref name=Holland/> According to ''[[Paese Sera]]'', the CMC had been a [[front organization]] developed by the CIA for transferring funds to [[Italy]] for "illegal political-espionage activities" and had attempted to [[deposition (politics)|depose]] [[France|French]] President [[Charles de Gaulle]] in the early 1960s.<ref name=Holland/> On March 6, the newspaper printed other allegations about individuals it said were connected to Permindex, including [[Louis Bloomfield]] whom it described as "an American agent who now plays the role of a businessman from Canada (who) established secret ties in Rome with Deputies of the Christian Democrats and neo-Fascist parties."<ref name=Dorril>Stephen Dorril, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210224135924/http://www.8bitmode.com/rogerdog/lobster/lobster02.pdf PERMINDEX: The International Trade in Disinformation]</ref> The allegations were retold in various newspapers associated with the [[Communist party|Communist parties]] in Italy (''[[l'Unità]]''), France (''[[L'Humanité]]''), and the Soviet Union (''[[Pravda]]''), as well as leftist papers in Canada and Greece, prior to reaching the American press eight weeks later.<ref name=Holland/> American journalist [[Max Holland]] stated that ''Paese Sera'''s allegations connecting Shaw to the [[CIA]] eventually led to [[Jim Garrison|Garrison]] implicating the CIA in the [[Kennedy assassination]].<ref name=Holland/> | |
According to Holland, an internal investigation by the CIA's [[counterintelligence]] staff found that Clay Shaw had volunteered information to the agency's Domestic Contact Service from [[1948]] to [[1956]], but that the substance of the allegations were not true.<ref name=Holland/> It concluded that neither Permindex nor Centro Mondiale Commerciale were a front to channel fund to anti-communists, and that the agency had not solicited Shaw to use his relationship with CMC for [[clandestine operation|clandestine purposes]].<ref name=Holland/> | According to Holland, an internal investigation by the CIA's [[counterintelligence]] staff found that Clay Shaw had volunteered information to the agency's Domestic Contact Service from [[1948]] to [[1956]], but that the substance of the allegations were not true.<ref name=Holland/> It concluded that neither Permindex nor Centro Mondiale Commerciale were a front to channel fund to anti-communists, and that the agency had not solicited Shaw to use his relationship with CMC for [[clandestine operation|clandestine purposes]].<ref name=Holland/> | ||
Latest revision as of 10:11, 22 April 2023
 Permindex  (Company, Front?)   | |
|---|---|
 Permindex inauguration | |
| Formation | 1958 |
| Headquarters | Switzerland |
| CIA front | |
Permindex, also referred to as Permanent Industrial Exposition or Permanent Industrial Expositions, was a trade organization headquartered in Basel, Switzerland.[1][2][3] Allegations that Permindex was a front organization for the Central Intelligence Agency has been advanced by researchers into the John F. Kennedy assassination.[4]
History
Permindex was described as a holding company built with Canadian, Italian, Swiss, and United States capital.[5] As of 1960, it had 20 stockholders.[5] In 1959, former Prime Minister of Hungary Ferenc Nagy, said to be the president of Permindex, outlined the group's plans to build "Europe's first international shopping centre for businessmen" within the previously unfinished Esposizione Universale Roma.[1][2] Permindex occupied 400,000 square feet within the four "palaces" under a nine-year lease with another nine-year option.[5] The project was modeled after and designed to compete with the International Trade Mart in New Orleans.[1][2] The centre opened on January 16, 1960.[6]
Allegations
Clay Shaw, head of the International Trade Mart in New Orleans, represented the US on the board of directors for Permindex.[5][7] On March 1, 1967, Shaw was arrested and charged with conspiring to assassinate President John F. Kennedy by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison.[7] Three days later on March 4, the Italian left-wing newspaper Paese Sera published a story alleging that Shaw was linked to the CIA through his involvement in the Centro Mondiale Commerciale, a subsidiary of Permindex in which Shaw was also said to be a board member.[7] According to Paese Sera, the CMC had been a front organization developed by the CIA for transferring funds to Italy for "illegal political-espionage activities" and had attempted to depose French President Charles de Gaulle in the early 1960s.[7] On March 6, the newspaper printed other allegations about individuals it said were connected to Permindex, including Louis Bloomfield whom it described as "an American agent who now plays the role of a businessman from Canada (who) established secret ties in Rome with Deputies of the Christian Democrats and neo-Fascist parties."[8] The allegations were retold in various newspapers associated with the Communist parties in Italy (l'Unità), France (L'Humanité), and the Soviet Union (Pravda), as well as leftist papers in Canada and Greece, prior to reaching the American press eight weeks later.[7] American journalist Max Holland stated that Paese Sera's allegations connecting Shaw to the CIA eventually led to Garrison implicating the CIA in the Kennedy assassination.[7]
According to Holland, an internal investigation by the CIA's counterintelligence staff found that Clay Shaw had volunteered information to the agency's Domestic Contact Service from 1948 to 1956, but that the substance of the allegations were not true.[7] It concluded that neither Permindex nor Centro Mondiale Commerciale were a front to channel fund to anti-communists, and that the agency had not solicited Shaw to use his relationship with CMC for clandestine purposes.[7]
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Weblinks
Related Documents
| Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Document:Permindex - The International Trade in Disinformation | Wikispooks Page | 1983 | Stephen Dorril | |
| Document:The Gospel according to Saint Jim | Wikispooks Page |
References
- ↑ a b c A Market Place for All the World, The Age, March 12, 1959
- ↑ a b c Phantom City of Mussolini To Become Shopping Centre, Ryan Nigel, The Windsor Daily Star, April 16, 1959
- ↑ Permindex: All-Year Fair to Open, The Financial Post, November 21, 1959
- ↑ Dispute over releasing archives keeps lid on potential link to JFK's death: Does the key to former U.S. President John F. Kennedy's assassination lie buried in Canada's national archives?, Canada.com, Thompson Elizabeth, January 27, 2007
- ↑ a b c d Rome's Trade Center—How It Came to Be, Chicago Tribune, September 17 1960, Clark William
- ↑ Exhibitions: Trade centre in Rome, journal Design, 1960, issue 133, Design Council, John E. Blake, page 73
- ↑ a b c d e f g h https://web.archive.org/web/20190330220028/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/fall_winter_2001/article02.html
- ↑ Stephen Dorril, PERMINDEX: The International Trade in Disinformation
