Difference between revisions of "Chernobyl disaster"

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{{event
 
{{event
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster
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|locations=Pripyat, (former, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, )
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|locations=Pripyat, Ukraine
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|image=Chernobyl disaster.jpg
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|fatalities=31
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|description=Nuclear accident in the Ukrainian SSR on 26 April 1986
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|start=01:23 26 April 1986
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|end=01:23 26 April 1986
 
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}}
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The '''Chernobyl disaster''' was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April [[1986]] at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of [[Pripyat]] in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the [[Soviet Union]]. It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation.
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{{SMWQ
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|text=The nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl 20 years ago this month, even more than my launch of Perestroika, was perhaps the real cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union five years later.
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|subjects=
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|authors=Mikhail Gorbachev
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|date=2006
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|source_URL=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1137086/chernobyl-hbo-series-sky-atlantic-nuclear-disaster-gorbachev-soviet-union-spt
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}}
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==Official narrative==
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A combination of bad reactor design and poor training lead to an explosion.<ref>http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx</ref> In response the reactor was encased in concrete and the surrounding area was evacuated. [[Wikipedia]] suggests 31 fatalities.
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===Concerns===
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Scientists including [[Chris Busby]] have reached much higher estimates of the fatalities due to radiation.
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=== CIA industrial sabotage===
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One [[third rail topic]] is a possible connection between a CIA industrial sabotage operation and the explosion.
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In the [[1980s]], the [[CIA]] were actively attempting to trick the Soviet Union into acquiring faulty [[computer chips]]. The Soviets were stealing Western technology. Rather than arrest everyone they could to try to close the operation down and halt further espionage, CIA director [[William Casey]] and National Security Council staffer [[Gus Weiss]] made a different plan: They turned into hackers. [[Thomas C. Reed]], a former secretary of the Air Force and special assistant to President Reagan, explained: "(Soviet agents) stole stuff, and we knew what they were going to steal," Reed said. "Every microchip they stole would run fine for 10 million cycles, and then it would go into some other mode. It wouldn't break down, it would start delivering false signals and go to a different logic."
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When the Soviets discovered in [[1985]] just what had happened, they were left wondering what other systems were likely to fail as a result — they had no idea what technology was legitimate and what was bogus. The  that eventually led to a major pipeline disaster, the [[1982 Trans-Siberian Pipeline explosion]].<ref>https://www.wired.com/2004/03/soviets-burned-by-cia-hackers/</ref><ref>https://fcw.com/2004/04/tech-sabotage-during-the-cold-war/219129/</ref>
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==Recovery==
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===Radiotrophic fungi===
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Radiotrophic fungi were discovered in 1991 growing inside and around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Research at the [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] showed that three melanin-containing fungi—''Cladosporium sphaerospermum'', ''Wangiella dermatitidis'', and ''Cryptococcus neoformans'' — increased in [[biomass]] and accumulated [[acetate]] faster in an environment in which the [[radiation]] level was 500 times higher than in the normal environment. Exposure of ''C. neoformans'' [[cell (biology)|cell]]s to these radiation levels rapidly (within 20–40 minutes of exposure) altered the chemical properties of its melanin, and increased melanin-mediated rates of electron transfer three- to four-fold compared with unexposed cells. Similar effects on melanin electron-transport capability were observed by the authors after exposure to non-ionizing radiation, suggesting that melanotic fungi might also be able to use light or heat radiation for growth.
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==References==
 
==References==
 
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{{Reflist}}
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Latest revision as of 18:29, 15 October 2022

Event.png Chernobyl disaster  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Chernobyl disaster.jpg
Date01:23 26 April 1986
LocationPripyat,  Ukraine
Deaths31
DescriptionNuclear accident in the Ukrainian SSR on 26 April 1986

The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union. It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation.

“The nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl 20 years ago this month, even more than my launch of Perestroika, was perhaps the real cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union five years later.”
Mikhail Gorbachev (2006)  [1]

Official narrative

A combination of bad reactor design and poor training lead to an explosion.[2] In response the reactor was encased in concrete and the surrounding area was evacuated. Wikipedia suggests 31 fatalities.

Concerns

Scientists including Chris Busby have reached much higher estimates of the fatalities due to radiation.

CIA industrial sabotage

One third rail topic is a possible connection between a CIA industrial sabotage operation and the explosion.

In the 1980s, the CIA were actively attempting to trick the Soviet Union into acquiring faulty computer chips. The Soviets were stealing Western technology. Rather than arrest everyone they could to try to close the operation down and halt further espionage, CIA director William Casey and National Security Council staffer Gus Weiss made a different plan: They turned into hackers. Thomas C. Reed, a former secretary of the Air Force and special assistant to President Reagan, explained: "(Soviet agents) stole stuff, and we knew what they were going to steal," Reed said. "Every microchip they stole would run fine for 10 million cycles, and then it would go into some other mode. It wouldn't break down, it would start delivering false signals and go to a different logic."

When the Soviets discovered in 1985 just what had happened, they were left wondering what other systems were likely to fail as a result — they had no idea what technology was legitimate and what was bogus. The that eventually led to a major pipeline disaster, the 1982 Trans-Siberian Pipeline explosion.[3][4]

Recovery

Radiotrophic fungi

Radiotrophic fungi were discovered in 1991 growing inside and around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine showed that three melanin-containing fungi—Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Wangiella dermatitidis, and Cryptococcus neoformans — increased in biomass and accumulated acetate faster in an environment in which the radiation level was 500 times higher than in the normal environment. Exposure of C. neoformans cells to these radiation levels rapidly (within 20–40 minutes of exposure) altered the chemical properties of its melanin, and increased melanin-mediated rates of electron transfer three- to four-fold compared with unexposed cells. Similar effects on melanin electron-transport capability were observed by the authors after exposure to non-ionizing radiation, suggesting that melanotic fungi might also be able to use light or heat radiation for growth.


 

Related Documents

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:Deconstructing Nuclear Expertsarticle31 March 2011Chris BusbyThis article was written just 2-3 weeks after the disaster at Fukushima Daiichi. It is notable for its scathing dismissal of official efforts to play down the seriousness of the radiation health effects of the disaster and in particular the credibility of the so-called experts regularly wheeled out by the commercially-controlled media.
Document:Fukushima - Nuclear math in meltdownarticle16 February 2012Gayle Greene
Document:The real legacy of Chernobylarticle26 April 2016Chris BusbySuppressed information about the health risks of radiation 30 years after the Chernobyl disaster
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References

  1. ↑ https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1137086/chernobyl-hbo-series-sky-atlantic-nuclear-disaster-gorbachev-soviet-union-spt
  2. ↑ http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx
  3. ↑ https://www.wired.com/2004/03/soviets-burned-by-cia-hackers/
  4. ↑ https://fcw.com/2004/04/tech-sabotage-during-the-cold-war/219129/
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