Difference between revisions of "Aginter Press"
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'''Aginter Press''', also known under the name '''Central Order and Tradition''' (Portuguese: ''Ordem Central e Tradição''), was an international [[anti-communist]] mercenary and "[[terrorist]]" organization disguised as a pseudo-[[press agency]] and active between 1966 and 1974, subcontracting for intelligence services. | '''Aginter Press''', also known under the name '''Central Order and Tradition''' (Portuguese: ''Ordem Central e Tradição''), was an international [[anti-communist]] mercenary and "[[terrorist]]" organization disguised as a pseudo-[[press agency]] and active between 1966 and 1974, subcontracting for intelligence services. | ||
| + | It was involved in several assassinations, and the [[1969 Piazza Fontana bombing]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==History== | ||
Founded in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] in September 1966 under [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]'s ''[[Estado Novo]]'', Aginter Press was directed by Captain [[Yves Guérin-Sérac]], who had taken part in the foundation of the [[Organisation de l'armée secrète|OAS]] in Madrid, a paramilitary group which fought against Algerian insurgents and then President [[De Gaulle]] towards the end of the [[Algerian War]] (1954–1962). Aginter Press trained its members in covert action techniques, including bombings, silent assassinations, [[psychological warfare|subversion techniques]], clandestine communication and infiltration and [[counter-insurgency]].<ref>https://secretsandbombs.wordpress.com/tag/peteano-attack/</ref> | Founded in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] in September 1966 under [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]'s ''[[Estado Novo]]'', Aginter Press was directed by Captain [[Yves Guérin-Sérac]], who had taken part in the foundation of the [[Organisation de l'armée secrète|OAS]] in Madrid, a paramilitary group which fought against Algerian insurgents and then President [[De Gaulle]] towards the end of the [[Algerian War]] (1954–1962). Aginter Press trained its members in covert action techniques, including bombings, silent assassinations, [[psychological warfare|subversion techniques]], clandestine communication and infiltration and [[counter-insurgency]].<ref>https://secretsandbombs.wordpress.com/tag/peteano-attack/</ref> | ||
| − | + | The agency was probably raised by the ''[[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]'' as a response to the Portuguese defeat in the anti-colonial war with India and the subsequent [[Annexation of Goa]]. The government was determined to hold on to its remaining colonial possessions in [[Angola]], [[Mozambique]] and [[East Timor]], and feared Communist subversion in the form of Soviet support to anti-Colonial movements. This pushed the government closer towards [[NATO]] security doctrine regarding the Soviet Union and anti-colonial movements. This agency is alleged to have carried out work for various [[right-wing authoritarian]] governments (including Salazar, [[Francoist Spain]], the [[Suharto]] government in Indonesia, the [[Greek military junta of 1967–1974]], etc.) and the South African [[Apartheid]] government . Its agents worked under the cover of reporters or photographers, which allowed them to travel freely.<ref name=chairoff>Chairoff, Patrice, 1975. ''B... comme barbouzes - Une France parallèle celle des basses-œuvres du pouvoir, '', Editions Alain Moreau. (investigative journalist who also worked on the [[Civic Action Service]] - SAC), pp. 253-255</ref> | |
| − | The agency was probably raised by the ''[[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]]'' as a response to the Portuguese defeat in the anti-colonial war with India and the subsequent [[Annexation of Goa]]. The | ||
| − | Even if there was some press agency activity (collection of information and dissemination of it to subscribers of a confidential, paid newsletter), it was in reality subcontracting intelligence, military training and mercenary operations around the world for authoritarian right-wing | + | Even if there was some press agency activity (collection of information and dissemination of it to subscribers of a confidential, paid newsletter), it was in reality subcontracting intelligence, military training and mercenary operations around the world for authoritarian right-wing governments ([[Salazar]], [[Franco]], [[Greek colonels]], etc.). Its agents operated under the covers of [[journalistic cover|journalists or photographers]] allowing them to move and investigate<ref>''B… comme barbouzes'', by Patrice Chairoff. Éditions Alain Moreau, 1975. p. 253)</ref>. These agents were mostly former French paratroopers or legionnaires, veterans of the[[ Second World War]] and the [[Indochina]] and [[Algerian]] wars. The financing came from suitcases of currency, delivered to Lisbon in person. Some authors considered it as an equivalent to [[NATO]]'s [[stay behind]] networks. |
| − | According to an Italian Senate report on [[Gladio]], the [[CIA]] supported Aginter Press in Portugal. Aginter Press was "in reality, according to the latest documents obtained (...), an information center directly linked to the CIA and the [[Portuguese secret service]], specialized in provocative operations". [[Jean-Yves Camus]] specifies for his part that Aginter Press was a "counter-revolutionary central which carried out on behalf of several Western states the [[dirty jobs]] which they could not (or would not) assume. Including the work of infiltration, even manipulation of certain leftist groups [...]".<ref>https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rue89.com%2Fjean-yves-camus%2F2010%2F01%2F27%2Flassassinat-de-pierre-goldman-entre-barbouzerie-et-fascisme-135751</ref> | + | According to an Italian Senate report on [[Gladio]], the [[CIA]] supported Aginter Press in Portugal. Aginter Press was "in reality, according to the latest documents obtained (...), an information center directly linked to the CIA and the [[PIDE|Portuguese secret service]], specialized in provocative operations". [[Jean-Yves Camus]] specifies for his part that Aginter Press was a "counter-revolutionary central which carried out on behalf of several Western states the [[dirty jobs]] which they could not (or would not) assume. Including the work of infiltration, even manipulation of certain leftist groups [...]".<ref>https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rue89.com%2Fjean-yves-camus%2F2010%2F01%2F27%2Flassassinat-de-pierre-goldman-entre-barbouzerie-et-fascisme-135751</ref> |
==Aginter strategic document== | ==Aginter strategic document== | ||
| Line 25: | Line 30: | ||
==Members== | ==Members== | ||
| − | The group was headed by [[Yves Guérin-Sérac]], a [[Catholic]] [[anti-communist]] activist, former officer of the [[French military|French Armed Forces]] and veteran of the [[First Indochina War|Indochina War]] (1945–54), the [[Korean War]] (1950–1953) and the [[Algerian War]] (1954–1962). The Italian neo-fascist [[Stefano Delle Chiaie]] was another founding member of Aginter Press.<ref> | + | [[image:Stefano Delle Chiaie.jpg|thumb|left|[[Stefano Delle Chiaie]]]] |
| + | The group was headed by [[Yves Guérin-Sérac]], a [[Catholic]] [[anti-communist]] activist, former officer of the [[French military|French Armed Forces]] and veteran of the [[First Indochina War|Indochina War]] (1945–54), the [[Korean War]] (1950–1953) and the [[Algerian War]] (1954–1962). The Italian neo-fascist [[Stefano Delle Chiaie]] was another founding member of Aginter Press.<ref>Ganser, Daniele (2005), ''NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe'', London: Routledge, ISBN 0714685003., page 117</ref> Hired in June 1962 by [[Francisco Franco|Franco]], Yves Guérin-Sérac then chose to go to Salazar's Portugal, which was according to him the last stronghold against [[Communism and atheism]].<ref>{{harv|Ganser|2005|p=117}} quotes ''[[Paris Match]]'' of November 1974 ([http://www.parismatch.com/unes/all_couvertures.php?annee=1974&mois=11 front page]{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} as well as [[Stuart Christie]], ''Stefano delle Chiaie'', London, 1984, p.27</ref> | ||
When Aginter Press spread from Africa to Latin America in the mid sixties, it has been estimated that 60 per cent of Aginter personnel were recruited out of the OAS.<ref>[[Stuart Christie|Christie, Stuart]]. [https://archive.org/download/stefanodellechiaieportraitofablackterroristbystuartchristie1984/Stefano%20Delle%20Chiaie%20-%20Portrait%20of%20a%20%27Black%27%20Terrorist%2C%20by%20Stuart%20Christie%20%281984%29.pdf ''Stefano Delle Chiaie: Portrait of a 'Black' Terrorist '']. [[Anarchy Magazine]], 1984. p. 39. “In the late sixties, when Aginter Press spread its attention from Africa to Latin America, it is estimated that about 60 per cent of Aginter personnel were recruited from the ranks of the OAS, while the remainder were recruited from neo-Nazi organisations in Western Europe such as the Frankfurt based Kampfbund Deutscher Soldateni.”</ref> | When Aginter Press spread from Africa to Latin America in the mid sixties, it has been estimated that 60 per cent of Aginter personnel were recruited out of the OAS.<ref>[[Stuart Christie|Christie, Stuart]]. [https://archive.org/download/stefanodellechiaieportraitofablackterroristbystuartchristie1984/Stefano%20Delle%20Chiaie%20-%20Portrait%20of%20a%20%27Black%27%20Terrorist%2C%20by%20Stuart%20Christie%20%281984%29.pdf ''Stefano Delle Chiaie: Portrait of a 'Black' Terrorist '']. [[Anarchy Magazine]], 1984. p. 39. “In the late sixties, when Aginter Press spread its attention from Africa to Latin America, it is estimated that about 60 per cent of Aginter personnel were recruited from the ranks of the OAS, while the remainder were recruited from neo-Nazi organisations in Western Europe such as the Frankfurt based Kampfbund Deutscher Soldateni.”</ref> | ||
| Line 32: | Line 38: | ||
Beside Portugal itself, Aginter Press is alleged to have engaged itself against the [[Portuguese Colonial War|independentist movements struggling against the Portuguese empire]] as well as in Italy. It is suspected of having assassinated General [[Humberto Delgado]] (1906–1965), founder of the [[Portuguese National Liberation Front]], although this has been disputed since [[PIDE]]'s officer Rosa Casaco has admitted he was involved in Delgado's assassination. | Beside Portugal itself, Aginter Press is alleged to have engaged itself against the [[Portuguese Colonial War|independentist movements struggling against the Portuguese empire]] as well as in Italy. It is suspected of having assassinated General [[Humberto Delgado]] (1906–1965), founder of the [[Portuguese National Liberation Front]], although this has been disputed since [[PIDE]]'s officer Rosa Casaco has admitted he was involved in Delgado's assassination. | ||
| − | + | Aginter Press is alleged to have been responsible for the assassinations of anti-colonialist leader [[Amílcar Cabral]] (1924–1973), founder of the [[African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde|PAIGC]] (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde) and [[Eduardo Mondlane]], leader of the liberation movement [[FRELIMO]] (''Frente de Libertação de Moçambique''), in 1969.<ref>{{harv|Ganser|2005|p=119}} quotes Joao Paulo Guerra, [https://archive.today/20220715084431/http://especiedemocracia.blogspot.com/2015/04/gladio-actuou-em-portugal.html "''Gladio actuou em Portugal''"], in ''[[O Jornal]]'', 16 November 1990 and [[Stuart Christie]], [https://files.libcom.org/files/Stefano-Delle-Chiaie.pdf ''Stefano delle Chiaie''], London, 1984, p. 30.</ref><ref name="ETH chronology">[http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/collections/coll_gladio/chronology.cfm?navinfo=15301 Chronology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212053626/http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/collections/coll_gladio/chronology.cfm?navinfo=15301 |date=2008-12-12 }}, ''Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security'', [[ETH Zurich]].</ref> According to other versions, both Cabral's and Mondlane's assassinations were the result of struggles for power within the independentist guerrilla movements. | |
| + | |||
| + | A destabilization operation in [[Congo Brazzaville]] was aborted following information provided to the government of the country by the French services of [[Jacques Foccart]], who were hunting the anti-gaullists of the Aginter Press. Several members were captured and narrowly miss being executed, and finally released after external intervention. | ||
==1969 Piazza Fontana bombing== | ==1969 Piazza Fontana bombing== | ||
Revision as of 01:41, 28 March 2024
"Press agency" Aginter Press  (Front)   | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Formation | September 1966 |
| Founder | • Yves Guérin-Sérac • Stefano Delle Chiaie |
| Extinction | 1974 |
| Interests | OAS, Gladio |
| Interest of | Yves Guérin-Sérac |
| International anti-communist mercenary and "terrorist" organization, subcontracting for intelligence services, disguised as a pseudo-press agency. | |
Aginter Press, also known under the name Central Order and Tradition (Portuguese: Ordem Central e Tradição), was an international anti-communist mercenary and "terrorist" organization disguised as a pseudo-press agency and active between 1966 and 1974, subcontracting for intelligence services.
It was involved in several assassinations, and the 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing.
Contents
History
Founded in Lisbon, Portugal in September 1966 under António de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo, Aginter Press was directed by Captain Yves Guérin-Sérac, who had taken part in the foundation of the OAS in Madrid, a paramilitary group which fought against Algerian insurgents and then President De Gaulle towards the end of the Algerian War (1954–1962). Aginter Press trained its members in covert action techniques, including bombings, silent assassinations, subversion techniques, clandestine communication and infiltration and counter-insurgency.[1]
The agency was probably raised by the Estado Novo as a response to the Portuguese defeat in the anti-colonial war with India and the subsequent Annexation of Goa. The government was determined to hold on to its remaining colonial possessions in Angola, Mozambique and East Timor, and feared Communist subversion in the form of Soviet support to anti-Colonial movements. This pushed the government closer towards NATO security doctrine regarding the Soviet Union and anti-colonial movements. This agency is alleged to have carried out work for various right-wing authoritarian governments (including Salazar, Francoist Spain, the Suharto government in Indonesia, the Greek military junta of 1967–1974, etc.) and the South African Apartheid government . Its agents worked under the cover of reporters or photographers, which allowed them to travel freely.[2]
Even if there was some press agency activity (collection of information and dissemination of it to subscribers of a confidential, paid newsletter), it was in reality subcontracting intelligence, military training and mercenary operations around the world for authoritarian right-wing governments (Salazar, Franco, Greek colonels, etc.). Its agents operated under the covers of journalists or photographers allowing them to move and investigate[3]. These agents were mostly former French paratroopers or legionnaires, veterans of theSecond World War and the Indochina and Algerian wars. The financing came from suitcases of currency, delivered to Lisbon in person. Some authors considered it as an equivalent to NATO's stay behind networks.
According to an Italian Senate report on Gladio, the CIA supported Aginter Press in Portugal. Aginter Press was "in reality, according to the latest documents obtained (...), an information center directly linked to the CIA and the Portuguese secret service, specialized in provocative operations". Jean-Yves Camus specifies for his part that Aginter Press was a "counter-revolutionary central which carried out on behalf of several Western states the dirty jobs which they could not (or would not) assume. Including the work of infiltration, even manipulation of certain leftist groups [...]".[4]
Aginter strategic document
An Aginter Press document, titled "Our Political Activity," was discovered at the end of 1974 and described the use of pseudo-operations:[5]
Our belief is that the first phase of political activity ought to be to create the conditions favouring the installation of chaos in all of the regime's structures. .. In our view the first move we should make is to destroy the structure of the democratic state under the cover of Communist and pro-Soviet activities. .. Moreover, we have people who have infiltrated these groups and obviously we will have to tailor our actions to the ethos of the milieu — propaganda and action of a sort which will seem to have emanated from our Communist adversaries. .. [These operations] will create a feeling of hostility towards those who threaten the peace of each and every nation [i.e. Communists].
Members
The group was headed by Yves Guérin-Sérac, a Catholic anti-communist activist, former officer of the French Armed Forces and veteran of the Indochina War (1945–54), the Korean War (1950–1953) and the Algerian War (1954–1962). The Italian neo-fascist Stefano Delle Chiaie was another founding member of Aginter Press.[6] Hired in June 1962 by Franco, Yves Guérin-Sérac then chose to go to Salazar's Portugal, which was according to him the last stronghold against Communism and atheism.[7]
When Aginter Press spread from Africa to Latin America in the mid sixties, it has been estimated that 60 per cent of Aginter personnel were recruited out of the OAS.[8]
Actions
Beside Portugal itself, Aginter Press is alleged to have engaged itself against the independentist movements struggling against the Portuguese empire as well as in Italy. It is suspected of having assassinated General Humberto Delgado (1906–1965), founder of the Portuguese National Liberation Front, although this has been disputed since PIDE's officer Rosa Casaco has admitted he was involved in Delgado's assassination.
Aginter Press is alleged to have been responsible for the assassinations of anti-colonialist leader Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973), founder of the PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde) and Eduardo Mondlane, leader of the liberation movement FRELIMO (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique), in 1969.[9][10] According to other versions, both Cabral's and Mondlane's assassinations were the result of struggles for power within the independentist guerrilla movements.
A destabilization operation in Congo Brazzaville was aborted following information provided to the government of the country by the French services of Jacques Foccart, who were hunting the anti-gaullists of the Aginter Press. Several members were captured and narrowly miss being executed, and finally released after external intervention.
1969 Piazza Fontana bombing
Italian magistrate Guido Salvini, in charge of the investigations concerning the 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing, explained to the Italian senators that:[11]
In these investigations data has emerged which confirmed the links between Aginter Press, Ordine Nuovo and Avanguardia Nazionale... It has emerged that Guido Giannettini [one of the neo-fascists responsible for the bombing] had contacts with Guérin-Sérac in Portugal ever since 1964. It has emerged that instructors of Aginter Press. .. came to Rome between 1967 and 1968 and instructed the militant members of Avanguardia Nazionale in the use of explosives.
Carnation Revolution: the end
During the April 1974 Carnation Revolution which put an end to Salazar's Estado Novo, Yves Guérin-Sérac, João Da Silva and others associates quit Lisbon for Albufereta, Spanish site of the Paladin Group (founded by Otto Skorzeny), near Alicante (Southern Spain). They then escaped with forged French passports to Caracas, with the alleged "benediction of the Foccart networks."[2]
References
- ↑ https://secretsandbombs.wordpress.com/tag/peteano-attack/
- ↑ a b Chairoff, Patrice, 1975. B... comme barbouzes - Une France parallèle celle des basses-œuvres du pouvoir, , Editions Alain Moreau. (investigative journalist who also worked on the Civic Action Service - SAC), pp. 253-255
- ↑ B… comme barbouzes, by Patrice Chairoff. Éditions Alain Moreau, 1975. p. 253)
- ↑ https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rue89.com%2Fjean-yves-camus%2F2010%2F01%2F27%2Flassassinat-de-pierre-goldman-entre-barbouzerie-et-fascisme-135751
- ↑ (Ganser 2005, p. 118) quotes Stuart Christie, Stefano Delle Chiaie, p.32, as well as Lobster, October 1989, p.18
- ↑ Ganser, Daniele (2005), NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe, London: Routledge, ISBN 0714685003., page 117
- ↑ (Ganser 2005, p. 117) quotes Paris Match of November 1974 (front page[dead link] as well as Stuart Christie, Stefano delle Chiaie, London, 1984, p.27
- ↑ Christie, Stuart. Stefano Delle Chiaie: Portrait of a 'Black' Terrorist . Anarchy Magazine, 1984. p. 39. “In the late sixties, when Aginter Press spread its attention from Africa to Latin America, it is estimated that about 60 per cent of Aginter personnel were recruited from the ranks of the OAS, while the remainder were recruited from neo-Nazi organisations in Western Europe such as the Frankfurt based Kampfbund Deutscher Soldateni.”
- ↑ (Ganser 2005, p. 119) quotes Joao Paulo Guerra, "Gladio actuou em Portugal", in O Jornal, 16 November 1990 and Stuart Christie, Stefano delle Chiaie, London, 1984, p. 30.
- ↑ Chronology Archived 2008-12-12 at the Wayback Machine., Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security, ETH Zurich.
- ↑ (Ganser 2005, p. 120); quoting judge Guido Salvini hearing before the Italian Parliamentary Commission of investigation on terrorism in Italy, 9th session of 12 February 1997 (9ª Seduta - Mercoledi 12 Febbraio 1997, Presidenza del Presidente Pellegrino) Template:In lang.
