Difference between revisions of "1249"

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== Events ==
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<onlyinclude>
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=== By place ===
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==== Africa ====
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* King [[Louis IX of France]] captures [[Damietta]] in [[Egypt]], in the first major military engagement of the [[Seventh Crusade]].
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==== Asia ====
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* Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the [[Sukhothai Kingdom]], marking the founding of the modern [[Thailand|Thai]] nation.
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* The [[Hikitsuke]], a judicial organ of the [[Kamakura shogunate|Kamakura]] and [[Muromachi shogunate]]s of [[Japan]], is established.
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* The Japanese [[Hōji (era)|Hōji]] era ends, and the [[Kenchō]] era begins.
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==== Europe ====
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* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Andrew of Longjumeau]] is dispatched by King [[Louis IX of France]] as an [[ambassador]], to meet with the [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of the [[Mongols]].
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* [[May 26]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Fossalta]] is fought between the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the [[Lombard League]]. The Italians capture the German commander.
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* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Alexander III (Scotland)|Alexander III]] is crowned as [[Kingdom of Scotland|King of the Scots]].
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* [[August 15]] &ndash; The [[First Battle of Athenry]] is fought in [[Galway]], [[Lordship of Ireland|Ireland]].
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* The city of [[Stralsund]] (in present-day [[Germany]]) is burned to the ground, by forces from the rival city of [[Lübeck]].
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* [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Politician|statesman]] [[Birger Jarl]] subjugates the province of [[Tavastia (historical province)|Tavastia]] in [[Finland]], securing Swedish power in Finland.
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* [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers]] orders the expulsion of [[Jew]]s from [[Poitou]], [[Kingdom of France|France]].
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* The [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[Capital (political)|capital]] is moved from [[Esztergom]] to [[Buda]].
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=====Mediterranean=====
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* The [[Moors]] lose possession of [[Alicante]] in [[Al-Andalus]] ([[Islam]]ic [[Spain]]).
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* King [[Afonso III of Portugal]] recaptures [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]] and [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]] in the [[Algarve]] from the Moors, thus ending the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Reconquista]].<ref>Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110</ref>
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* The city of [[Mystras]], [[Greece]] is fortified, and a palace is constructed there by [[William II Villehardouin]].
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===By topic===
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====Education====
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* Spring &ndash; [[University College, Oxford|University College]], the first College at Oxford, is founded with money from the estate of [[William of Durham]].
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====Microhistory====
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* Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the [[abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif]] in the Senonais region in [[France]]: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a [[leather]] [[merchant]], with a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of [[Sens]], Felis Charpentier.
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====Science====
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* [[Roger Bacon]] publishes a major scientific work, including writings of [[Lens (optics)#Types of simple lenses|convex lens]] [[spectacles]] for treating [[long-sightedness]], and the first publication of the formula for [[gunpowder]] in the [[western world]].
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</onlyinclude>
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== Births ==
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* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Emperor Kameyama]] of Japan (d. [[1305]])
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* [[Eric V of Denmark]] (d. [[1286]])
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* [[Robert III of Flanders]], ruler
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* [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] (d. [[1268]])
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* [[Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon]] (d. [[1302]])
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* [[Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford]] (d. [[1297]])
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* [[Pope John XXII]] (d. [[1334]])
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* [[Menachem Meiri]], Catalan rabbi
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* [[Amadeus V of Savoy]] (d. [[1323]])
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== Deaths ==
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* [[July 6]] &ndash; King [[Alexander II of Scotland]] (b. [[1198]])
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* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Jacopo Tiepolo]], Doge of Venice
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* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse]] (b. [[1197]])
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* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[As-Salih Ayyub]], ruler of Egypt
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*''date unknown''
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**[[Abu Zakariya]], ruler of the Maghreb (b. [[1203]])
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** [[Stephanie of Lampron]], queen consort of Cyprus
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**[[Wuzhun Shifan]], Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. [[1178]])
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**[[Song Ci]], Chinese physician and judge (b. [[1186]])
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==References==
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<references/>

Latest revision as of 12:05, 19 February 2021

1239 < 1240 < 1241 < 1242 < 1243 < 1244 < 1245 <1246 < 1247 < 1248 < 1249 > 1250 > 1251 > 1252 > 1253 > 1254 > 1255 > 1256 > 1257 > 1258 > 1259
Decade.png ( 1240s: )    Year.png 1249 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded.

Events

By place

Africa

Asia

Europe

Mediterranean

By topic

Education

Microhistory

  • Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the Senonais region in France: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a leather merchant, with a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of Sens, Felis Charpentier.

Science


Births

Deaths


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References

  1. ↑ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110
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