Difference between revisions of "1838"

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== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
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* [[January 10]] – A fire destroys [[Lloyd's Coffee House]] and the [[Royal Exchange, London|Royal Exchange]] in London.
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* [[January 11]] – At [[Morristown, New Jersey]], [[Samuel Morse]], [[Alfred Vail]] and [[Leonard Gale]] give the first public demonstration of Morse's new invention, the [[telegraph]].
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* [[January 21]] – The first known report about the [[Lowest temperature recorded on Earth|lowest temperature on Earth]] is made, indicating {{convert|-60|°C|°F|abbr=on}} in [[Yakutsk]].
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* [[February 6]] – Boer explorer [[Piet Retief]] and 60 of his men are massacred by King [[Dingane kaSenzangakhona]] of the [[Zulu people]], after Retief accepts an invitation to celebrate the signing of a treaty, and his men willingly disarm as a show of good faith.
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* [[February 17]] – [[Weenen massacre]]: Zulu [[impi]]s massacre about 532 [[Voortrekkers]], [[Khoikhoi]] and [[Sotho people|Basuto]] around the site of [[Weenen]] in South Africa.
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* [[February 24]] – U.S. Representatives [[William J. Graves]] of Kentucky and [[Jonathan Cilley]] of Maine face each other in a duel with rifles at 80 yards near  [[Bladensburg, Maryland]]. On the third attempt, Congressman Cilley is fatally wounded and bleeds to death.<ref>"Cilley-Graves Duel", in ''Historical Dictionary of the Jacksonian Era and Manifest Destiny'', by Mark R. Cheathem and Terry Corps (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016) p98</ref>
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* [[March 13]] – A combination of rain and melting snow cause the [[Danube River]] to overflow its banks, washing away villages in western [[Hungary]] and inundating the twin cities that become [[Budapest]]. More than 150 people are drowned and Europe's nations come to Hungary's aid to prevent the spread of famine and disease.
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* [[March 31]] – The first installment of ''[[Nicholas Nickleby]]'', the new novel by [[Charles Dickens]], is released as the opener of a 20-part serialization in London.
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=== April–June ===
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* [[April 4]] – [[April 22|22]] – The [[paddle steamer]] SS Sirius makes the [[transatlantic crossing]] to New York from [[Cork (city)|Cork]], Ireland in 18 days, though not using steam continuously.
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* [[April 8]] – [[April 23|23]] – [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]'s paddle steamer SS Great Western (1838) makes the transatlantic crossing to New York from [[Avonmouth]], England, in 15 days, inaugurating a regular steamship service.
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* [[April 30]] – [[Nicaragua]] declares independence from the [[Federal Republic of Central America]].
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* [[May]]
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** The [[Chartism|People's Charter]] is drawn up in the United Kingdom, demanding [[universal suffrage]].
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** [[John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham|Lord Durham]] and his entourage arrive in [[Upper Canada]], to investigate the cause of the [[1837]] rebellion in that province. This leads to Durham submitting the [[Durham Report]] to Britain.
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** An insurrection breaks out in [[Tizimín]], beginning the campaign for the independence of [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]] from Mexico.
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* [[May 26]] – [[Trail of Tears]]: The [[Cherokee Nation (19th century)|Cherokee Nation]] is forcibly relocated in the United States.
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* [[May 28]] – [[Braulio Carrillo Colina|Braulio Carrillo]] is sworn in as [[Head of State of Costa Rica]], thus beginning his second term in office.
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* [[June 10]] – [[Myall Creek massacre]]: 28 [[Indigenous Australians]] are killed.
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* [[June 28]] – The [[coronation of Queen Victoria]] takes place at [[Westminster Abbey]] in London.
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=== July–September ===
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* [[July 4]] – In the United States, the [[Iowa Territory]] is formally established, following the signing of a bill by President [[Martin Van Buren]] on [[June 12]]. In addition to [[Iowa]], which will become a state on December 28, 1846, the Territory also includes most of what will become the states of [[Minnesota]], [[North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota]].  [[Robert Lucas (governor)|Robert Lucas]], former Governor of Ohio, takes office as the first Territorial Governor.<ref>"Iowa Territory Legal Materials", by David Hanson, in ''Prestatehood Legal Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the District of Columbia'' (The Haworth Information Press, 2006) p388</ref>
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* [[August 1]] – Former slaves in [[Jamaica]] are freed of their indentures.
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* [[August 6]] – The Polytechnic Institution, predecessor of the [[University of Westminster]] and Britain's first [[Polytechnic (United Kingdom)|polytechnic]], opens in [[Regent Street]], London.
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* [[September 7]] – [[Grace Darling]] and her father rescue 13 survivors from the [[Forfarshire (ship)|''Forfarshire'']], off the [[Farne Islands]].
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* [[September 18]] – The [[Anti-Corn Law League]] is established by [[Richard Cobden]].
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=== October–December ===
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* [[October 1]] – [[First Carlist War]] – [[Battle of Maella]]: Supporters of [[Infante Carlos, Count of Molina]], are victorious.
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* [[October 5]] – [[Killough massacre]], believed to be both the largest and last Native American attack on white settlers in [[East Texas]]. 18 casualties are either killed or carried away.
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* [[October 27]] – [[Lilburn Boggs]], [[Governor of Missouri]], by [[Missouri Executive Order 44]], declares [[Mormons]] to be enemies of the state, and encourages the extermination or exile of the religious minority, forcing nearly 10,000 Mormons out of the state.
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* [[November 3]] – ''[[The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce]]'' is founded (renamed  ''[[The Times of India]]'' in [[1861]]).
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* [[November 5]] – Dissolution of the [[Federal Republic of Central America]]: [[Honduras]] and [[Costa Rica]] follow the example of [[Nicaragua]] and secede from the federation.
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* [[November 16]] – [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]: [[Moravia]] opens the final section of [[Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway]] ([[Rajhrad]]–[[Brno]]) for exhibition (preliminary) use.
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* [[November 27]] – [[Pastry War]]: Mexico is invaded by French forces.
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* [[December 16]] – [[Battle of Blood River]]: The [[Boer]]s win a decisive victory over the [[Zulus]].
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* [[December]] – [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]: [[British Army|British]] and [[Presidency armies]] set out from [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in support of [[Shah Shujah Durrani]]'s claim to the throne of [[Afghanistan]].
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=== Date unknown ===
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* [[Protein]]s are discovered by [[Gerardus Johannes Mulder]].
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* [[Friedrich Bessel]] makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a [[star]].
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* [[Biblical criticism]]: [[Christian Hermann Weisse]] proposes the [[two-source hypothesis]].
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 04:38, 1 March 2021

1828 < 1829 < 1830 < 1831 < 1832 < 1833 < 1834 <1835 < 1836 < 1837 < 1838 > 1839 > 1840 > 1841 > 1842 > 1843 > 1844 > 1845 > 1846 > 1847 > 1848
Decade.png ( 1830s: )    Year.png 1838 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Britattack.jpg
A British-Indian force attacks Ghazni fort during the First Afghan War, (c.1839.)
year 1838

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown


 

Event

EventStartEnd
Pax Brittanica18151915

 

New Groups

GroupImageTypeDescription
Duke UniversityDuke University Crest.svgMilitary ranks
Melbourne ClubMelbourne Club entrance.jpgAustralian deep state milieu
Australian Club (Sydney)Australian Club, 165 Macquarie Street, Sydney.jpgThe oldest establishment club in Australia
University of NeuchâtelLogo-unine.pngPublicFrench-speaking university based in Neuchâtel, Switzerland
University of WestminsterUniWestminster Coat of Arms.pngPublic university based in London, United Kingdom

 

A Birth

TitleBornPlace of birthDiedSummaryDescription
James Bryce10 May 1838Belfast
Eire		22 January 1922Politician
Academic
Historian
Deep state actor		President of the Pilgrims Society 1915 - 1917
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References

  1. ↑ "Cilley-Graves Duel", in Historical Dictionary of the Jacksonian Era and Manifest Destiny, by Mark R. Cheathem and Terry Corps (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016) p98
  2. ↑ "Iowa Territory Legal Materials", by David Hanson, in Prestatehood Legal Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the District of Columbia (The Haworth Information Press, 2006) p388
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