Difference between revisions of "1249"
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+ | |description=University College, the first College at [[Oxford]], is founded. | ||
}} | }} | ||
+ | == Events == | ||
+ | <onlyinclude> | ||
+ | === By place === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Africa ==== | ||
+ | * King [[Louis IX of France]] captures [[Damietta]] in [[Egypt]], in the first major military engagement of the [[Seventh Crusade]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Asia ==== | ||
+ | * Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the [[Sukhothai Kingdom]], marking the founding of the modern [[Thailand|Thai]] nation. | ||
+ | * The [[Hikitsuke]], a judicial organ of the [[Kamakura shogunate|Kamakura]] and [[Muromachi shogunate]]s of [[Japan]], is established. | ||
+ | * The Japanese [[Hōji (era)|Hōji]] era ends, and the [[Kenchō]] era begins. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Europe ==== | ||
+ | * [[February 16]] – [[Andrew of Longjumeau]] is dispatched by King [[Louis IX of France]] as an [[ambassador]], to meet with the [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of the [[Mongols]]. | ||
+ | * [[May 26]] – The [[Battle of Fossalta]] is fought between the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and the [[Lombard League]]. The Italians capture the German commander. | ||
+ | * [[July 13]] – [[Alexander III (Scotland)|Alexander III]] is crowned as [[Kingdom of Scotland|King of the Scots]]. | ||
+ | * [[August 15]] – The [[First Battle of Athenry]] is fought in [[Galway]], [[Lordship of Ireland|Ireland]]. | ||
+ | * The city of [[Stralsund]] (in present-day [[Germany]]) is burned to the ground, by forces from the rival city of [[Lübeck]]. | ||
+ | * [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Politician|statesman]] [[Birger Jarl]] subjugates the province of [[Tavastia (historical province)|Tavastia]] in [[Finland]], securing Swedish power in Finland. | ||
+ | * [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers]] orders the expulsion of [[Jew]]s from [[Poitou]], [[Kingdom of France|France]]. | ||
+ | * The [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[Capital (political)|capital]] is moved from [[Esztergom]] to [[Buda]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Mediterranean===== | ||
+ | * The [[Moors]] lose possession of [[Alicante]] in [[Al-Andalus]] ([[Islam]]ic [[Spain]]). | ||
+ | * King [[Afonso III of Portugal]] recaptures [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]] and [[Silves, Portugal|Silves]] in the [[Algarve]] from the Moors, thus ending the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Reconquista]].<ref>Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110</ref> | ||
+ | * The city of [[Mystras]], [[Greece]] is fortified, and a palace is constructed there by [[William II Villehardouin]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===By topic=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Education==== | ||
+ | * Spring – [[University College, Oxford|University College]], the first College at Oxford, is founded with money from the estate of [[William of Durham]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Microhistory==== | ||
+ | * Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the [[abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif]] in the Senonais region in [[France]]: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a [[leather]] [[merchant]], with a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of [[Sens]], Felis Charpentier. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Science==== | ||
+ | * [[Roger Bacon]] publishes a major scientific work, including writings of [[Lens (optics)#Types of simple lenses|convex lens]] [[spectacles]] for treating [[long-sightedness]], and the first publication of the formula for [[gunpowder]] in the [[western world]]. | ||
+ | </onlyinclude> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Births == | ||
+ | * [[July 9]] – [[Emperor Kameyama]] of Japan (d. [[1305]]) | ||
+ | * [[Eric V of Denmark]] (d. [[1286]]) | ||
+ | * [[Robert III of Flanders]], ruler | ||
+ | * [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] (d. [[1268]]) | ||
+ | * [[Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon]] (d. [[1302]]) | ||
+ | * [[Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford]] (d. [[1297]]) | ||
+ | * [[Pope John XXII]] (d. [[1334]]) | ||
+ | * [[Menachem Meiri]], Catalan rabbi | ||
+ | * [[Amadeus V of Savoy]] (d. [[1323]]) | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Deaths == | ||
+ | * [[July 6]] – King [[Alexander II of Scotland]] (b. [[1198]]) | ||
+ | * [[July 19]] – [[Jacopo Tiepolo]], Doge of Venice | ||
+ | * [[September 27]] – [[Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse]] (b. [[1197]]) | ||
+ | * [[November 22]] – [[As-Salih Ayyub]], ruler of Egypt | ||
+ | *''date unknown'' | ||
+ | **[[Abu Zakariya]], ruler of the Maghreb (b. [[1203]]) | ||
+ | ** [[Stephanie of Lampron]], queen consort of Cyprus | ||
+ | **[[Wuzhun Shifan]], Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. [[1178]]) | ||
+ | **[[Song Ci]], Chinese physician and judge (b. [[1186]]) | ||
+ | |||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
− | + | ==References== | |
+ | <references/> |
Latest revision as of 12:05, 19 February 2021
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University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded. |
Contents
Events
By place
Africa
- King Louis IX of France captures Damietta in Egypt, in the first major military engagement of the Seventh Crusade.
Asia
- Pho Khun Si Indrathit becomes the first king of the Sukhothai Kingdom, marking the founding of the modern Thai nation.
- The Hikitsuke, a judicial organ of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates of Japan, is established.
- The Japanese Hōji era ends, and the Kenchō era begins.
Europe
- February 16 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by King Louis IX of France as an ambassador, to meet with the Khan of the Mongols.
- May 26 – The Battle of Fossalta is fought between the Holy Roman Empire and the Lombard League. The Italians capture the German commander.
- July 13 – Alexander III is crowned as King of the Scots.
- August 15 – The First Battle of Athenry is fought in Galway, Ireland.
- The city of Stralsund (in present-day Germany) is burned to the ground, by forces from the rival city of Lübeck.
- Swedish statesman Birger Jarl subjugates the province of Tavastia in Finland, securing Swedish power in Finland.
- Alphonse, Count of Poitiers orders the expulsion of Jews from Poitou, France.
- The Hungarian capital is moved from Esztergom to Buda.
Mediterranean
- The Moors lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain).
- King Afonso III of Portugal recaptures Faro and Silves in the Algarve from the Moors, thus ending the Portuguese Reconquista.[1]
- The city of Mystras, Greece is fortified, and a palace is constructed there by William II Villehardouin.
By topic
Education
- Spring – University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money from the estate of William of Durham.
Microhistory
- Jean Mouflet makes an agreement with the abbot of Saint-Pierre-le-Vif in the Senonais region in France: in return for an annual payment, the monastery will recognize Jean as a "citizen of Sens". He is a leather merchant, with a leather shop that he leases for the rent of 50 shillings a year. The agreement is witnessed by Jean's wife, Douce, daughter of a wealthy and prominent citizen of Sens, Felis Charpentier.
Science
- Roger Bacon publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness, and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.
Births
- July 9 – Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
- Eric V of Denmark (d. 1286)
- Robert III of Flanders, ruler
- Frederick I, Margrave of Baden (d. 1268)
- Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon (d. 1302)
- Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford (d. 1297)
- Pope John XXII (d. 1334)
- Menachem Meiri, Catalan rabbi
- Amadeus V of Savoy (d. 1323)
Deaths
- July 6 – King Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1198)
- July 19 – Jacopo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
- September 27 – Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse (b. 1197)
- November 22 – As-Salih Ayyub, ruler of Egypt
- date unknown
- Abu Zakariya, ruler of the Maghreb (b. 1203)
- Stephanie of Lampron, queen consort of Cyprus
- Wuzhun Shifan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (b. 1178)
- Song Ci, Chinese physician and judge (b. 1186)
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References
- ↑ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110