Difference between revisions of "Omar al-Bashir"

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'''Omar al-Bashir''' <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mdGRXwlTeU</ref> is a [[Sudan]]ese politician who served as the seventh [[President of Sudan]] from 1989 to 2019 and founder of the [[National Congress Party]]. He came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier in the [[Sudanese Army]], he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]] after it began negotiations with rebels in the south.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKL1435274220080714</ref> Since then, he has been elected three times as President in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8645661.stm</ref> In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting president to be indicted by the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in [[Darfur]].<ref>http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide-in-sudan.htm|title=Genocide in Darfur</ref>
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'''Omar al-Bashir''' <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mdGRXwlTeU</ref> is a [[Sudan]]ese politician who was the seventh [[President of Sudan]] from 1989 to 2019 and founder of the [[National Congress Party]]. He came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier in the [[Sudanese Army]], he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]] after it began negotiations with rebels in the south.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKL1435274220080714</ref> Since then, he has been elected three times as President in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8645661.stm</ref> In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting president to be indicted by the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in [[Darfur]].<ref>http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide-in-sudan.htm|title=Genocide in Darfur</ref>
  
 
==Civil war==
 
==Civil war==
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In October 2005, Omar al-Bashir's government negotiated an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War,<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14019202</ref> leading to a referendum in the South, resulting in the separation of the south as the country of [[South Sudan]]. In the Darfur region, he oversaw the war in Darfur that has resulted in death tolls that are about 10,000 according to the Sudanese Government,<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/23848444/ns/world_news-africa/t/death-toll-disputed-darfur/</ref> but most sources suggest between 200,000<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm</ref> and 400,000.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html>]</ref><ref>http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200511/28/eng20051128_224254.html</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/10/AR2007041001775.html</ref> During his presidency, there have been several violent struggles between the [[Janjaweed]] militia and rebel groups such as the [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudanese Liberation Army]] (SLA) and the [[Justice and Equality Movement]] (JEM) in the form of [[guerrilla warfare]] in the Darfur region. The civil war has displaced<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/15/AR2006101500655.html</ref> over 2.5 million people out of a total population of 6.2&nbsp;million in Darfur<ref>[http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sudan_darfuroverview.html Darfur – overview], unicef.org.</ref> and has created a crisis in the [[Chad–Sudan relations|diplomatic relations]] between Sudan and Chad.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7394422.stm</ref> The rebels in Darfur lost the support from Libya after the death of [[Muammar Gaddafi]] and the collapse of his regime in 2011.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15471734 </ref><ref>ttp://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/libya-leader-thanks-sudan-for-weapons-that-helped-former-rebels-oust-gadhafi-1.397764</ref><ref>http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sdtoc.html</ref>
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In October 2005, Omar al-Bashir's government negotiated an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War,<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14019202</ref> leading to a referendum in the South, resulting in the separation of the south as the country of [[South Sudan]]. In the Darfur region, he oversaw the war in Darfur that has resulted in death tolls that are about 10,000 according to the Sudanese Government,<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/23848444/ns/world_news-africa/t/death-toll-disputed-darfur/</ref> but most sources suggest between 200,000<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm</ref> and 400,000.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html>]</ref><ref>http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200511/28/eng20051128_224254.html</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/10/AR2007041001775.html</ref> During his presidency, there have been several violent struggles between the [[Janjaweed]] militia and rebel groups such as the [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudanese Liberation Army]] (SLA) and the [[Justice and Equality Movement]] (JEM) in the form of [[guerrilla warfare]] in the Darfur region. The civil war has displaced<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/15/AR2006101500655.html</ref> over 2.5 million people out of a total population of 6.2&nbsp;million in Darfur<ref>[http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sudan_darfuroverview.html Darfur – overview], unicef.org.</ref> and has created a crisis in the [[Chad–Sudan relations|diplomatic relations]] between Sudan and Chad.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7394422.stm</ref> The rebels in Darfur lost the support from Libya after the death of [[Muammar Gaddafi]] and the collapse of his regime in 2011.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15471734 </ref><ref>http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/libya-leader-thanks-sudan-for-weapons-that-helped-former-rebels-oust-gadhafi-1.397764</ref><ref>http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sdtoc.html</ref>
  
 
==War crimes==
 
==War crimes==

Latest revision as of 20:15, 20 February 2023

Person.png Omar al-Bashir  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(politician)
Omar al-Bashir.jpg
Born1 January 1944
President of Sudan for 3 decades.

Employment.png President of Sudan

In office
30 June 1989 - 11 April 2019

Omar al-Bashir [1] is a Sudanese politician who was the seventh President of Sudan from 1989 to 2019 and founder of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier in the Sudanese Army, he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi after it began negotiations with rebels in the south.[2] Since then, he has been elected three times as President in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud.[3] In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting president to be indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur.[4]

Civil war

In October 2005, Omar al-Bashir's government negotiated an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War,[5] leading to a referendum in the South, resulting in the separation of the south as the country of South Sudan. In the Darfur region, he oversaw the war in Darfur that has resulted in death tolls that are about 10,000 according to the Sudanese Government,[6] but most sources suggest between 200,000[7] and 400,000.[8][9][10] During his presidency, there have been several violent struggles between the Janjaweed militia and rebel groups such as the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) in the form of guerrilla warfare in the Darfur region. The civil war has displaced[11] over 2.5 million people out of a total population of 6.2 million in Darfur[12] and has created a crisis in the diplomatic relations between Sudan and Chad.[13] The rebels in Darfur lost the support from Libya after the death of Muammar Gaddafi and the collapse of his regime in 2011.[14][15][16]

War crimes

In July 2008, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Moreno Ocampo, accused al-Bashir of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in Darfur.[17] The court issued an arrest warrant for al-Bashir on 4 March 2009 on counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, but ruled that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute him for genocide.[18] However, on 12 July 2010, the Court issued a second warrant containing three separate counts of genocide. The new warrant, like the first, was delivered to the Sudanese government, which did not recognize either the warrant or the ICC.[18] The indictments do not allege that Bashir personally took part in such activities; instead, they say that he is "suspected of being criminally responsible, as an indirect co-perpetrator".[19] Some international experts think it is unlikely that Ocampo has enough evidence to prove the allegations.[20] The court's decision is opposed by the African Union, League of Arab States and Non-Aligned Movement as well as the governments of Russia and China.[21][22]

Military coup

From December 2018 onwards, Bashir faced large-scale protests which demanded his removal from power. On 11 April 2019, Bashir was ousted in a military coup d'état. This was confirmed by the Sudanese Armed Forces in an "important announcement" on state television.[23]

 

Related Document

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:A Brief History of the CIA’s Dirty War in South SudanArticle31 July 2019Ryan DawsonThe CIA are now almost completely out of the picture in South Sudan though one should never underestimate the Agency’s capacity for evil. It's in the US national interest to deny China access to African oil so it will always continue to be US vs China in South Sudan, as part of Pax Americana’s designs for Africa as a whole.
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References

  1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mdGRXwlTeU
  2. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKL1435274220080714
  3. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8645661.stm
  4. ↑ http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide-in-sudan.htm%7Ctitle=Genocide in Darfur
  5. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14019202
  6. ↑ http://www.nbcnews.com/id/23848444/ns/world_news-africa/t/death-toll-disputed-darfur/
  7. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm
  8. ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.html>]
  9. ↑ http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200511/28/eng20051128_224254.html
  10. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/10/AR2007041001775.html
  11. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/15/AR2006101500655.html
  12. ↑ Darfur – overview, unicef.org.
  13. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7394422.stm
  14. ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15471734
  15. ↑ http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/libya-leader-thanks-sudan-for-weapons-that-helped-former-rebels-oust-gadhafi-1.397764
  16. ↑ http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sdtoc.html
  17. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090825232557/http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/press%20releases%20%282008%29/
  18. ↑ a b http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7923102.stm
  19. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/20/omar-al-bashir-sudan-darfur
  20. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131103153445/http://www.rnw.nl/international-justice/article/moreno-ocampo-slammed-abuse-power-chief-icc-prosecutor-denies-allegations
  21. ↑ http://www.nation.co.ke/News/africa/-/1066/542156/-/item/1/-/io2xh7/-/index.html
  22. ↑ https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34665.pdf
  23. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sudan-politics/sudans-bashir-forced-to-step-down-sources-say-idUSKCN1RN0AY
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