Difference between revisions of "Astroturfing"

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{{concept
 
{{concept
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroturfing
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroturfing
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|type=propaganda
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|type=Propaganda
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|image=Astroturfing.jpg
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|image_width=380px
 
|description=Rolling out of fake grassroots movements
 
|description=Rolling out of fake grassroots movements
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|constitutes=Statecraft, propaganda
 
|interests=Sharyl Attkisson
 
|interests=Sharyl Attkisson
 
}}
 
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'''Astroturfing''' is the use of a fake grassroots organisation to make others believe that a broad concensus of support exists for a desired policy agenda. It may or may not have developed in the field of advertising, but it can serve as a tool to anyone with enough founding to get their own message across (smaller agendas with the help of social media and [[sock puppet]] accounts will not even cost much).
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Astroturf in a nutshell, according to [[Sharyl Attkisson]], is: {{QB|"to try to convince you there’s widespread support for or against an agenda when there’s not."<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2016/07/28/top-10-astroturfers/ saved at [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503230115/https://sharylattkisson.com/2016/07/top-10-astroturfers/ Archive.org] saved at [http://archive.is/h0mUT Archive.is]</ref>}} Identifying which is an original viewpoint and what is not can get difficult when there is to much interference involved.
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==Science==
 
{{YouTubeVideo
 
{{YouTubeVideo
 
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|caption=Astroturf and manipulation of media messages<br>TEDx University of Nevada
 
|caption=Astroturf and manipulation of media messages<br>TEDx University of Nevada
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'''Astroturfing''' is a method of selling a message, organization or agenda. It is to make belief others (experts, politicians, the public in general or any targeted group), that for the promoted goal does exist support by, for example: a larger number of interested individuals or experts in their respective fields. The same tactic is used to deny a message that is unwanted. It may or may not have developed in the field of advertising, but it can serve as a tool to anyone with enough founding to get their own message across (smaller agendas with the help of social media and sock puppet accounts will not even cost much). An appropriate example in the early 20th century is [[Water/Fluoridation]], for which the Kettering Laboratory, the University of Rochester and the Mellon Institute were instrumental to deliver the message that fluoridation does have health benefits and no risks. Astroturf in a nutshell, according to [[Sharyl Attkisson]], is: "to try to convince you there’s widespread support for or against an agenda when there’s not.".<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2016/07/28/top-10-astroturfers/ saved at [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503230115/https://sharylattkisson.com/2016/07/top-10-astroturfers/ Archive.org] saved at [http://archive.is/h0mUT Archive.is]</ref> Identifying which is an original viewpoint and what is not can get difficult when there is to much interference involved.  
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An appropriate example for astroturfing in science is the effort to push for the acceptance of [[Water/Fluoridation]] in the early 20th century, for which the Kettering Laboratory, the University of Rochester and the Mellon Institute were instrumental to deliver the message that fluoridation does have health benefits and no risks.  
  
 
==Foundation funding==
 
==Foundation funding==
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While not as direct as building up an organization that serves to specifically promote a standpoint, [[Foundation funding]] can in a way have a similar effect on a grander scale over a longer period of time. Funding of whole media organizations of any political spectrum, from foundations or any other special interest group can make it complicated to see genuine opinion, some opinion that would otherwise be present on the [[marketplace of ideas]] might be denied at all.<ref>http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2004/05/289545.shtml saved at [https://web.archive.org/web/20040610020444/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2004/05/289545.shtml Archive.org] saved at [http://archive.today/xzldR Archive.is]</ref><ref>http://archive.today/2004.09.11-033450/http://www.questionsquestions.net/docs04/0518_ruppert911.html</ref><ref>http://archive.today/2004.10.16-185128/http://www.media-criticism.com/Amy_Goodman_03_2004.html</ref><ref>http://archive.today/2004.08.13-131800/http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/oxman04162004</ref> According to Brian Salter: "big establishment foundations are likely to seek out 'alternative' media that is more bark than bite, which they can rely on to ignore and dismiss sensitive topics like those mentioned above -- and many more -- as 'irrelevant distractions' or 'conspiracy theory'. Recipients of funding will always protest that they are not swayed by any conflicts of interest and don't allow the sources of funding to affect their decisions, but whether or not these claims are actually true is already somewhat of a [[red herring]]. The more important question is, what sort of 'alternative' journalism garners the goodwill of the Ford Foundation corporate rogues gallery in the first place? Or the Rockefeller Foundation? Or Carnegie, Soros, and Schumann? Judging by the journalism being offered (and not offered) by Nation magazine, FAIR, Pacifica, Progressive magazine, IPA, Mother Jones, Alternet, and other recipients of their funding, the big establishment foundations are successfully sponsoring the kind of 'opposition' that the US ruling elite can tolerate and live with."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20040417004858/http://www.questionsquestions.net:80/docs0209/0929_ford_trustees.html</ref>
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{{FA|Foundation funding}}
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While not as direct as building up an organization that serves to specifically promote a standpoint, foundation funding can in a way have a similar effect on a grander scale over a longer period of time.  
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In [[2022]] [[Katri Bertram]], a consultant in [[global health]], wrote an essay on how the [[Gates Foundation]] had taken over the sector:
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{{SMWQ
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|subjects=Gates Foundation,foundation funding,NGO
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|text=At some point, I realised something that I at first found to be a coincidence, then amusing, then slightly uncomfortable, and later on worrying. No matter where I worked, whether [[NGO]], consultant, or international organisation, I was paid by one global health donor...I'm not saying that there is no independence in the global health sector...What I’m saying is that my own experience was that I realised at some point (naively, and very late) that I was not one of these people. If there’s one thing I’d like to tell my 20-year old self, it’s this: ask who pays for your job. And then keep your eye on this throughout your career. At least be aware of this. Twenty years later, I’m tired of being an astroturfer. I’m tired of calling myself an independent consultant or claim that I’m working for an independent NGO or organisation when I now know that’s neither true, and increasingly also not the direction I think global health should take.  
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|source_URL=https://katribertram.wordpress.com/2022/09/16/astroturfing-in-global-health-why-this-is-a-serious-problem-for-me/
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|date=16 September 2022
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|authors=Katri Bertram
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|description=
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}}
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To clarify what this means, an organization that is funded like this can produce with higher quality, have a studio for video production, more reporters on the ground, etc. - or does not experience pressure in financial terms, or much less so when it comes to that. In case of financial trouble, it can continue to publish content and/or produce broadcasts when it otherwise would have a difficult time to survive due to the lack of viable revenue streams. Other organizations that do not receive such funding are thus not getting the same attention, since the lack of resources makes it hard/impossible to keep up with, or in case of financial problems, are eliminated faster, which is a kind of manipulation of the marketplace of alternative media through subsidies.
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=== Selected Examples ===
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An example for a foundation that offers funding to help to create movements or public support that would otherwise may not be as substantial or noticeable is the [[Open Society Foundations | Open Society Foundation]].
  
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===Examples===
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==Technical solutions==
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An example for a foundation that offers funding to help to create movements or public support that would otherwise may not be as substantial or noticable is the [[Open Society Foundations | Open Society Foundation]].
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In [[2011]] it was reported that [[HBGary|HBGary Federal]] was contracted by the US government to develop astroturfing software which could create an "army" of multiple fake social media profiles.<ref>http://archive.today/2023.03.30-194130/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBGary</ref><ref>[[Barrett Brown]] Apr 13, 2011 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX3_f2aGYig Introduction to Operation Metal Gear]</ref>
  
 
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Latest revision as of 23:55, 16 December 2023

Concept.png Astroturfing 
(Statecraft,  propaganda)Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Astroturfing.jpg
TypePropaganda
Interest ofHBGary
Rolling out of fake grassroots movements

Astroturfing is the use of a fake grassroots organisation to make others believe that a broad concensus of support exists for a desired policy agenda. It may or may not have developed in the field of advertising, but it can serve as a tool to anyone with enough founding to get their own message across (smaller agendas with the help of social media and sock puppet accounts will not even cost much).

Astroturf in a nutshell, according to Sharyl Attkisson, is:

"to try to convince you there’s widespread support for or against an agenda when there’s not."[1]

Identifying which is an original viewpoint and what is not can get difficult when there is to much interference involved.

Science

Astroturf and manipulation of media messages
TEDx University of Nevada

An appropriate example for astroturfing in science is the effort to push for the acceptance of Water/Fluoridation in the early 20th century, for which the Kettering Laboratory, the University of Rochester and the Mellon Institute were instrumental to deliver the message that fluoridation does have health benefits and no risks.

Foundation funding

Full article: Foundation funding

While not as direct as building up an organization that serves to specifically promote a standpoint, foundation funding can in a way have a similar effect on a grander scale over a longer period of time.

In 2022 Katri Bertram, a consultant in global health, wrote an essay on how the Gates Foundation had taken over the sector:


“At some point, I realised something that I at first found to be a coincidence, then amusing, then slightly uncomfortable, and later on worrying. No matter where I worked, whether NGO, consultant, or international organisation, I was paid by one global health donor...I'm not saying that there is no independence in the global health sector...What I’m saying is that my own experience was that I realised at some point (naively, and very late) that I was not one of these people. If there’s one thing I’d like to tell my 20-year old self, it’s this: ask who pays for your job. And then keep your eye on this throughout your career. At least be aware of this. Twenty years later, I’m tired of being an astroturfer. I’m tired of calling myself an independent consultant or claim that I’m working for an independent NGO or organisation when I now know that’s neither true, and increasingly also not the direction I think global health should take.”
Katri Bertram (16 September 2022)  [2]


Selected Examples

An example for a foundation that offers funding to help to create movements or public support that would otherwise may not be as substantial or noticeable is the Open Society Foundation.

Technical solutions

In 2011 it was reported that HBGary Federal was contracted by the US government to develop astroturfing software which could create an "army" of multiple fake social media profiles.[3][4]


 

Examples

Page nameDescription
38 DegreesBritish Avaaz.
Center for Medicine in the Public Interest"nonprofit, non-partisan" big pharma astroturf
Conservative Inc."Big Con enforce the guidelines of Big Tech and punish conservatives on their behalf"
Patriot FrontAmerican white nationalist group that bears many hallmarks of an FBI entrapment operation, setting the stage for a false flag terrorism event
Sock puppetA person or online persona whose actions are controlled by somebody else.
TiananmenA Chinese mass protest in hundreds of cities turned violent. Questions remain about the sequence of events, CIA involvement and the scope of the aftermath after a media blackout occurred as media were mentioning threats of civil war to be increasing. Chinese media banned the mentioning of the event entirely, while atrocity stories are trotted out regularly by Western corporate media to maintain an enemy image.

 

Related Document

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:Not All Propaganda is EqualArticle30 May 2012Barrett Brown

 

An official example

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References

  1. ↑ https://sharylattkisson.com/2016/07/28/top-10-astroturfers/ saved at Archive.org saved at Archive.is
  2. ↑ https://katribertram.wordpress.com/2022/09/16/astroturfing-in-global-health-why-this-is-a-serious-problem-for-me/
  3. ↑ http://archive.today/2023.03.30-194130/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBGary
  4. ↑ Barrett Brown Apr 13, 2011 - Introduction to Operation Metal Gear
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