Difference between revisions of "Crack cocaine"
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| − | |description=A smokable form of cocaine | + | |description=A smokable form of [[cocaine]] which rose in popularity in the USA in the [[1980s]] after the [[CIA]] upscaled the [[CIA/Drug trafficking|cocaine importation]] into the US. |
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'''Crack cocaine''' is a smokable form of [[cocaine]]. | '''Crack cocaine''' is a smokable form of [[cocaine]]. | ||
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| + | ==Preparation== | ||
Cocaine powder is easily "cooked" up to a crystalline form, "crack cocaine", which as it is smokable, is reckoned to be more addictive. | Cocaine powder is easily "cooked" up to a crystalline form, "crack cocaine", which as it is smokable, is reckoned to be more addictive. | ||
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==Legal position== | ==Legal position== | ||
| − | The 1986 [[Anti-Drug Abuse Act]] dramatically increased sentences for this form (a 100:1 disparity, meaning 5g of crack was treated in law as 500g of cocaine powder).<ref>http://archive.naplesnews.com/news/state/florida-man-among-8-whose-harsh-crack-cocaine-sentences-commuted-by-obama-ep-313167300-341503341.html</ref> This resulted in much longer sentences for drug dealers in the (predominantly, poor, urban) neighbourhoods where crack was sold, and contributed to the racial imbalance among the [[prison]] population. The 2010 [[Fair Sentencing Act]] modified this imbalance (down to 18:1) but was not applied retrospectively.<ref>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/snitch/primer/</ref> | + | The 1986 [[Anti-Drug Abuse Act]] dramatically increased sentences for this form (a 100:1 disparity, meaning 5g of crack was treated in law as 500g of cocaine powder).<ref>http://archive.naplesnews.com/news/state/florida-man-among-8-whose-harsh-crack-cocaine-sentences-commuted-by-obama-ep-313167300-341503341.html</ref> This resulted in ''much ''longer sentences for drug dealers in the (predominantly, poor, urban) neighbourhoods where crack was sold, and contributed to the racial imbalance among the [[prison]] population. The 2010 [[Fair Sentencing Act]] modified this imbalance (down to 18:1) but was not applied retrospectively.<ref>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/snitch/primer/</ref> |
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| + | ==Crack epidemic in the United States== | ||
| + | The [[Crack epidemic in the United States|Crack "epidemic" in the United States]], the flooding of inner city black communities with crack cocaine, was a deep state operation throughout the entirety of the 1980s and the early 1990s<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/crack-epidemic</ref> with multiple purposes. | ||
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| + | Most known purpose is on the supply side, where the [[CIA]] upscaled the [[CIA/Drug trafficking|cocaine importation]] into the US to create [[black funds]] to finance the [[Contras]] in [[Nicaragua]] and other militias. At the same time, the [[corruption]] created in [[Latin America]] weakened those societies and made the ruling system more dependent on the United States. | ||
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| + | On the receiving end, the purpose was to weaken the [[black community in the United States|black community]], by destroying the social fabric in [[inner city ghettoes]], making organizing political activism much harder.<ref>https://jacobin.com/2021/11/what-we-really-know-about-the-cia-and-crack</ref> New draconian "[[War on Drugs]]" laws, purposefully designed target the black community<ref>https://www.aclu.org/documents/drug-war-new-jim-crow</ref>, led to a large percentage of black males ending up in jail for long periods of time.<ref>https://www.prisonpolicy.org/research/race_and_ethnicity/</ref> | ||
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| + | Another part of the operation was the floodin of inner cities with guns, sourced via illegal importation of a Chinese automatic weapons, ending up in the hands of gang members<ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-05-24-mn-7854-story.html</ref> In 1997 [[U.S. Treasury]] agents arrested suspects with ties to [[China]]'s state-owned [[armaments industry|munitions companies]] who smuggled 2,000 illegal [[AK-47]] rifles that were fully automatic.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/05/23/us-arrests-suspects-with-ties-to-chinese-arms-firms-in-gun-smuggling-sting/37df6698-02c4-4716-9fd2-521c51e2af5d/</ref> | ||
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{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 04:39, 20 November 2023
 Crack cocaine  (drug)   | |
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 | |
| A smokable form of cocaine which rose in popularity in the USA in the 1980s after the CIA upscaled the cocaine importation into the US. |
Crack cocaine is a smokable form of cocaine.
Contents
Preparation
Cocaine powder is easily "cooked" up to a crystalline form, "crack cocaine", which as it is smokable, is reckoned to be more addictive.
Availability
Crack form has been available in USA since late 1984.
Legal position
The 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act dramatically increased sentences for this form (a 100:1 disparity, meaning 5g of crack was treated in law as 500g of cocaine powder).[1] This resulted in much longer sentences for drug dealers in the (predominantly, poor, urban) neighbourhoods where crack was sold, and contributed to the racial imbalance among the prison population. The 2010 Fair Sentencing Act modified this imbalance (down to 18:1) but was not applied retrospectively.[2]
Crack epidemic in the United States
The Crack "epidemic" in the United States, the flooding of inner city black communities with crack cocaine, was a deep state operation throughout the entirety of the 1980s and the early 1990s[3] with multiple purposes.
Most known purpose is on the supply side, where the CIA upscaled the cocaine importation into the US to create black funds to finance the Contras in Nicaragua and other militias. At the same time, the corruption created in Latin America weakened those societies and made the ruling system more dependent on the United States.
On the receiving end, the purpose was to weaken the black community, by destroying the social fabric in inner city ghettoes, making organizing political activism much harder.[4] New draconian "War on Drugs" laws, purposefully designed target the black community[5], led to a large percentage of black males ending up in jail for long periods of time.[6]
Another part of the operation was the floodin of inner cities with guns, sourced via illegal importation of a Chinese automatic weapons, ending up in the hands of gang members[7] In 1997 U.S. Treasury agents arrested suspects with ties to China's state-owned munitions companies who smuggled 2,000 illegal AK-47 rifles that were fully automatic.[8]
Related Quotations
| Page | Quote | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Journalist | “This story of CIA drug dealing became a sensation because of the website, not because of the story, but because people could get to it. And they could never have gotten to it before because the San Jose Mercury News is a small regional newspaper in Northern California that you couldn't read if you lived in New York or you couldn't read if you lived in L.A.. But this story you could read anywhere in the world.” | Gary Webb | 2003 |
| Jesse Katz | “The crack epidemic in Los Angeles followed no blueprint or master plan. It was not orchestrated by the Contras or the CIA or any single drug ring. No one trafficker, even the kingpins who sold thousands of kilos and pocketed millions of dollars, ever came close to monopolizing the trade... How the crack epidemic reached that extreme, on some level, had nothing to do with Ross... [who was one of many] interchangeable characters... dwarfed by [other dealers].” | Jesse Katz | 20 October 1996 |
References
- ↑ http://archive.naplesnews.com/news/state/florida-man-among-8-whose-harsh-crack-cocaine-sentences-commuted-by-obama-ep-313167300-341503341.html
- ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/snitch/primer/
- ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/crack-epidemic
- ↑ https://jacobin.com/2021/11/what-we-really-know-about-the-cia-and-crack
- ↑ https://www.aclu.org/documents/drug-war-new-jim-crow
- ↑ https://www.prisonpolicy.org/research/race_and_ethnicity/
- ↑ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-05-24-mn-7854-story.html
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/05/23/us-arrests-suspects-with-ties-to-chinese-arms-firms-in-gun-smuggling-sting/37df6698-02c4-4716-9fd2-521c51e2af5d/
