Difference between revisions of "Alisher Usmanov"

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|description=Uzbekh-Russian billionaire who made his wealth after the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]]. Took down [[Craig Murray]]'s allegations by threatening his web host.
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'''Alisher Usmanov''' is a businessman.
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'''Alisher Burkhanovich Usmanov''' is an [[Uzbekh]]-Russian billionaire businessman.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220222032830/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/alisher-usmanov-net-worth-sunday-times-rich-list-3bwsf09f6</ref> By 2022, Usmanov had an estimated fortune of $19.5 billion and was among the world's 100 wealthiest people.<ref name=":2">https://web.archive.org/web/20220322142134/https://www.occrp.org/en/asset-tracker/sanctioning-an-oligarch-is-not-so-easy-why-the-money-trail-of-alisher-usmanov-one-of-russias-wealthiest-men-is-difficult-to-follow</ref>
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==Early life==
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Usmanov was born in [[Uzbekistan]] in the provincial town of [[Chust, Uzbekistan|Chust]].<ref name=":1" /> He spent his childhood in the capital [[Tashkent]], where his father was a state prosecutor.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210822032952/http://www.informacia.ru/file/1163</ref> Planning to pursue a career of a diplomat, he later moved to Moscow. After first failing to be accepted, one year later he made  the cut and was accepted to the [[Moscow State Institute of International Relations]], from which he graduated in 1976 with a degree in [[international law]].<ref name="auto2">https://web.archive.org/web/20131002064119/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0329/billionaires-2010-europe-usmanov-internet-media-hard-man-of-russia.html</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="ALISHER USMANOV">https://web.archive.org/web/20130620040209/http://metalloinvest.com/en/about/guide/founder/ |</ref> Usmanov then returned to Tashkent, where he was appointed director of the Foreign Economic Association of the [[Soviet Peace Committee]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141206135852/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/19/football.russia</ref>
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==Career==
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Usmanov was arrested and convicted on charges of fraud, corruption, and theft of state property, which charges included shaking down an Army officer, in Uzbek SSR in August [[1980]]. He spent six years in a Soviet prison in the 1980s on charges of fraud and embezzlement, he later, when he became a billionaire, had his conviction overturned. In [[2000]], he was eventually rehabilitated by the [[Supreme Court of Uzbekistan]], which ruled that the case against him was trumped up and no crime had been committed.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220325225521/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-summit-usmanov-idUSBRE88R0WK20120928</ref>
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Usmanov made his wealth after the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], through metal and mining operations, and investments.<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20220301135243/https://www.ft.com/content/a472f9e6-28c6-11ea-9305-4234e74b0ef3</ref><ref name="forbesprofile">https://web.archive.org/web/20170320141149/https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Alisher-Usmanov_GIPI.html </ref> He is the majority shareholder of [[Metalloinvest]], a Russian industrial conglomerate, which consolidated in 2006 JSC Metalloinvest's assets (Mikhailovsky GOK and Ural Steel) with those of Gazmetall JSC (Lebedinsky GOK and the Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant).<ref name="metalloinvest">https://web.archive.org/web/20160320021045/http://www.metalloinvest.com/en/about/history/</ref>
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He owns the [[Kommersant]] publishing house. He is also a co-owner of Russia's second-largest mobile telephone operator, [[MegaFon]], and owner of [[Udokan mine|Udokan]] copper which develops one of the largest copper deposits in the world. Usmanov eventually teamed up with [[Yuri Milner]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210214062851/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/05/world/yuri-milner-facebook-twitter-russia.html</ref> and became the largest investor of Digital Sky Technologies ("DST"). On 16 September 2010, Digital Sky Technologies (DST) changed its name to "Mail.ru Group".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101108104633/http://www.benzinga.com/press-releases/10/09/b476505/digital-sky-technologies-%E2%80%9Cdst%E2%80%9D-changes-name-to-mail-ru-group</ref> He also holds shares of a number of international technology companies.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131019164003/http://www.usm-group.com/internet.html</ref> He was the president of the ''[[Fédération Internationale d'Escrime]]'', the international governing body of the sport of [[fencing]], from 2008 until 2022.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131112075835/http://www.russiancapitalistwiki.com/wiki/Alisher_Usmanov</ref><ref name="auto">https://web.archive.org/web/20220306034944/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1119924/usmanov-stands-aside-fie-president</ref>
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On 28 February 2022, in reaction to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the [[European Union]] blacklisted Usmanov, imposing an EU-wide travel ban on him and freezing all his assets.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220301050342/https://www.ft.com/content/85d76bd6-f585-4ac9-abae-b9abbf21e4bf</ref> On 3 March, the United States imposed similar sanctions on him, with some exceptions for his companies.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220303194136/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-03/u-s-readies-new-sanctions-on-russian-oligarchs-and-families</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220305104543/https://www.intellinews.com/us-oligarch-sanctions-list-exempts-usmanov-s-companies-236976/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220306002023/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0628</ref> Usmanov was named in the ''[[Official Journal of the European Union]]'', the publication of record of the EU, as a "pro-Kremlin oligarch with particularly close ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin [who is] one of Vladimir Putin's favorite oligarchs."<ref name="auto" />
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==Suppression of online criticism==
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On 2 September 2007, [[Craig Murray]], the former British ambassador to [[Uzbekistan]] referred to Usmanov's criminal conviction,<ref name="conviction" /> claiming that Usmanov "was in no sense a political prisoner, but a gangster and racketeer who rightly did six years in jail"<ref name="indymedia" /> and his pardon was the work of Uzbekistan President [[Islam Karimov]] on the instructions of Uzbekistani power broker and alleged drug trafficker [[Gafur Rakhimov]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170204165852/http://archive.muslimuzbekistan.com/eng/ennews/2003/02/ennews20022003.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060526015116/http://archive.muslimuzbekistan.com/eng/ennews/2003/02/ennews20022003.html</ref> In the face of libel threats from Usmanov's lawyers Schillings, some media had to apologize for publishing them. Murray persists in the allegation.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211127215755/https://pressgazette.co.uk/mail-on-sunday-apologises-to-russian-billionaire-over-links-to-rape-and-murder-allegations-40589/</ref> The article was subsequently removed by Murray's [[web host]], allegedly under pressure from Usmanov's legal team, London's [[Schillings]] law firm.<ref name="indymedia">https://web.archive.org/web/20080719034143/http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2007/09/380565.html </ref> However, what followed was that Schillings contacted owners of independent blogs and websites warning them to remove any references to Murray's allegations, and any reproduction of Murray's blog post.<ref name="conviction">https://web.archive.org/web/20080516180638/http://football.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,,2167952,00.html</ref> UK [[Indymedia]] reported that they were one of the sites that had been issued with a take-down notice, on 10 September 2007 and again on 21 September.<ref name="imcukfeature">https://web.archive.org/web/20080904234538/http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2007/10/382951.html</ref> On 20 September 2007, Bloggerheads.com, the weblog of [[Tim Ireland]], was taken down for reproducing Murray's article, incidentally causing the loss of other blogs belonging to the [[Member of Parliament|MP]] [[Boris Johnson]] and [[councillor]] Bob Piper – neither of which had been used to repost the article.<ref name="chicken">https://web.archive.org/web/20071011090829/http://www.chickyog.net/2007/09/20/public-service-announcement/ </ref>
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Latest revision as of 12:15, 28 February 2023

Person.png Alisher Usmanov   TwitterRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(businessman, billionaire)
Alisher Usmanov.jpg
BornAlisher Burkhanovich Usmanov
9 September 1953
Chust, Namangan Province, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
NationalityRussian
Alma materMoscow State Institute of International Relations
SpouseIrina Viner
Uzbekh-Russian billionaire who made his wealth after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Took down Craig Murray's allegations by threatening his web host.

Alisher Burkhanovich Usmanov is an Uzbekh-Russian billionaire businessman.[1] By 2022, Usmanov had an estimated fortune of $19.5 billion and was among the world's 100 wealthiest people.[2]

Early life

Usmanov was born in Uzbekistan in the provincial town of Chust.[3] He spent his childhood in the capital Tashkent, where his father was a state prosecutor.[4] Planning to pursue a career of a diplomat, he later moved to Moscow. After first failing to be accepted, one year later he made the cut and was accepted to the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, from which he graduated in 1976 with a degree in international law.[5][3][6] Usmanov then returned to Tashkent, where he was appointed director of the Foreign Economic Association of the Soviet Peace Committee.[7]

Career

Usmanov was arrested and convicted on charges of fraud, corruption, and theft of state property, which charges included shaking down an Army officer, in Uzbek SSR in August 1980. He spent six years in a Soviet prison in the 1980s on charges of fraud and embezzlement, he later, when he became a billionaire, had his conviction overturned. In 2000, he was eventually rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of Uzbekistan, which ruled that the case against him was trumped up and no crime had been committed.[8]

Usmanov made his wealth after the collapse of the Soviet Union, through metal and mining operations, and investments.[3][9] He is the majority shareholder of Metalloinvest, a Russian industrial conglomerate, which consolidated in 2006 JSC Metalloinvest's assets (Mikhailovsky GOK and Ural Steel) with those of Gazmetall JSC (Lebedinsky GOK and the Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant).[10]

He owns the Kommersant publishing house. He is also a co-owner of Russia's second-largest mobile telephone operator, MegaFon, and owner of Udokan copper which develops one of the largest copper deposits in the world. Usmanov eventually teamed up with Yuri Milner[11] and became the largest investor of Digital Sky Technologies ("DST"). On 16 September 2010, Digital Sky Technologies (DST) changed its name to "Mail.ru Group".[12] He also holds shares of a number of international technology companies.[13] He was the president of the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime, the international governing body of the sport of fencing, from 2008 until 2022.[14][15]

On 28 February 2022, in reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Union blacklisted Usmanov, imposing an EU-wide travel ban on him and freezing all his assets.[16] On 3 March, the United States imposed similar sanctions on him, with some exceptions for his companies.[17][18][19] Usmanov was named in the Official Journal of the European Union, the publication of record of the EU, as a "pro-Kremlin oligarch with particularly close ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin [who is] one of Vladimir Putin's favorite oligarchs."[15]

Suppression of online criticism

On 2 September 2007, Craig Murray, the former British ambassador to Uzbekistan referred to Usmanov's criminal conviction,[20] claiming that Usmanov "was in no sense a political prisoner, but a gangster and racketeer who rightly did six years in jail"[21] and his pardon was the work of Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov on the instructions of Uzbekistani power broker and alleged drug trafficker Gafur Rakhimov.[22][23] In the face of libel threats from Usmanov's lawyers Schillings, some media had to apologize for publishing them. Murray persists in the allegation.[24] The article was subsequently removed by Murray's web host, allegedly under pressure from Usmanov's legal team, London's Schillings law firm.[21] However, what followed was that Schillings contacted owners of independent blogs and websites warning them to remove any references to Murray's allegations, and any reproduction of Murray's blog post.[20] UK Indymedia reported that they were one of the sites that had been issued with a take-down notice, on 10 September 2007 and again on 21 September.[25] On 20 September 2007, Bloggerheads.com, the weblog of Tim Ireland, was taken down for reproducing Murray's article, incidentally causing the loss of other blogs belonging to the MP Boris Johnson and councillor Bob Piper – neither of which had been used to repost the article.[26]


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References

  1. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220222032830/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/alisher-usmanov-net-worth-sunday-times-rich-list-3bwsf09f6
  2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220322142134/https://www.occrp.org/en/asset-tracker/sanctioning-an-oligarch-is-not-so-easy-why-the-money-trail-of-alisher-usmanov-one-of-russias-wealthiest-men-is-difficult-to-follow
  3. ↑ a b c https://web.archive.org/web/20220301135243/https://www.ft.com/content/a472f9e6-28c6-11ea-9305-4234e74b0ef3
  4. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210822032952/http://www.informacia.ru/file/1163
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131002064119/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0329/billionaires-2010-europe-usmanov-internet-media-hard-man-of-russia.html
  6. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130620040209/http://metalloinvest.com/en/about/guide/founder/ |
  7. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141206135852/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/19/football.russia
  8. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220325225521/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-summit-usmanov-idUSBRE88R0WK20120928
  9. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170320141149/https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Alisher-Usmanov_GIPI.html
  10. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160320021045/http://www.metalloinvest.com/en/about/history/
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210214062851/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/05/world/yuri-milner-facebook-twitter-russia.html
  12. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20101108104633/http://www.benzinga.com/press-releases/10/09/b476505/digital-sky-technologies-%E2%80%9Cdst%E2%80%9D-changes-name-to-mail-ru-group
  13. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131019164003/http://www.usm-group.com/internet.html
  14. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131112075835/http://www.russiancapitalistwiki.com/wiki/Alisher_Usmanov
  15. ↑ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20220306034944/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1119924/usmanov-stands-aside-fie-president
  16. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220301050342/https://www.ft.com/content/85d76bd6-f585-4ac9-abae-b9abbf21e4bf
  17. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220303194136/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-03/u-s-readies-new-sanctions-on-russian-oligarchs-and-families
  18. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220305104543/https://www.intellinews.com/us-oligarch-sanctions-list-exempts-usmanov-s-companies-236976/
  19. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220306002023/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0628
  20. ↑ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20080516180638/http://football.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,,2167952,00.html
  21. ↑ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20080719034143/http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2007/09/380565.html
  22. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170204165852/http://archive.muslimuzbekistan.com/eng/ennews/2003/02/ennews20022003.html
  23. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060526015116/http://archive.muslimuzbekistan.com/eng/ennews/2003/02/ennews20022003.html
  24. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20211127215755/https://pressgazette.co.uk/mail-on-sunday-apologises-to-russian-billionaire-over-links-to-rape-and-murder-allegations-40589/
  25. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080904234538/http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2007/10/382951.html
  26. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20071011090829/http://www.chickyog.net/2007/09/20/public-service-announcement/
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