Difference between revisions of "North Carolina State University"

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|description=Over 50 NC State alumni have achieved the rank of Brigadier General or higher in the United States military.
 
|website=http://www.ncsu.edu
 
|website=http://www.ncsu.edu
 
|other_names=Wolfpack
 
|other_names=Wolfpack
 
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'''North Carolina State University''' (also referred to as '''NCSU''', '''NC State''', or just '''State''') is a [[public university|public]] [[Land-grant university|land-grant]] [[research university]] in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]].<ref>https://www.webcitation.org/6ApPQzWJi?url=http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_116/gs_116-4.html</ref> Founded in 1887 and part of the [[University of North Carolina]] system, it is the largest university in the Carolinas. The university forms one of the corners of the [[Research Triangle]] together with [[Duke University]] in [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]] and [[The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]. It is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref>https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=199193 </ref>
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The [[North Carolina General Assembly]] established the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now NC State, on March 7, 1887, originally as a [[land-grant university|land-grant college]]. Today, NC State has an enrollment of more than 35,000 students, making it among the largest in the country. NC State has historical strengths in engineering, [[statistics]], agriculture, [[life sciences]], textiles and design and offers [[bachelor's degree]]s in 106 fields of study. The graduate school offers [[master's degrees]] in 104 fields, [[PhDs|doctoral]] degrees in 61 fields, and a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.<ref>https://www.webcitation.org/6ApPRuSx8?url=http://www.ncsu.edu/about-nc-state/quick-view/</ref>
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==History==
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[[File:NCSU-Freshmen 1889.JPG|thumb|right|First freshman class at North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1889]]
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The [[North Carolina General Assembly]] founded NC State on March 7, 1887 as a [[land-grant university|land-grant college]] under the name "North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts," or "North Carolina A&M" for short.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150926231807/https://onboarding.ncsu.edu/nc-state-university-history-fun-facts/</ref> In the segregated system, it was open only to white students. As a land-grant college, North Carolina A&M would provide a liberal and practical education while focusing on military tactics, agriculture and the mechanical arts without excluding [[classical education movement|classical studies]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100609102238/http://historicalstate.lib.ncsu.edu/histories/brief-history-of-north-carolina-state-university</ref> Since its founding, the university has maintained these objectives while building on them.After opening in 1889, North Carolina A&M saw its enrollment fluctuate and its mandate expand. In 1917, it changed its name to "North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering"—or "North Carolina State" for short.<ref>=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029151750/http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scrc/university-historical-sketch</ref> During the [[Great Depression]], the North Carolina state government, under [[Governor of North Carolina|Governor]] [[O. Max Gardner]], administratively combined the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]], the Woman's College (now the [[University of North Carolina at Greensboro]]), and NC State. This conglomeration became the [[University of North Carolina]] in 1931.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120415132310/http://www.northcarolina.edu/about/mission.htm</ref> In 1937 [[Blake R Van Leer]] joined as Dean and started the graduate program for engineering.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140425024348/http://library.ncsu.edu/findingaids/ua105_002/#History</ref> Following World War II, the university grew and developed. The [[G.I. Bill]] enabled thousands of veterans to attend college, and enrollment shot past the 5,000 mark in 1947.
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State College created new academic programs, including the School of Architecture and Landscape Design in 1947 (renamed as the School of Design in 1948), the School of Education in 1948, and the School of Forestry in 1950. In the summer of 1956, following the US Supreme Court ruling in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' (1954) that segregated public education was unconstitutional, North Carolina State College enrolled its first African-American undergraduates, Ed Carson, Manuel Crockett, Irwin Holmes, and Walter Holmes.<ref>https://archive.today/20120710153407/http://historicalstate.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/1956-first-african-american-undergraduates</ref> [[File:Raleigh AM College 1909 View LOC.jpg|left|thumb|Panoramic photo of campus taken around 1909]] In 1962, State College officials desired to change the institution's name to North Carolina State University. Consolidated university administrators approved a change to the University of North Carolina at Raleigh, frustrating many students and alumni who protested the change with letter writing campaigns. In 1963, State College officially became North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina. Students, faculty, and alumni continued to express dissatisfaction with this name, however, and after two additional years of protest, the name was changed to the current North Carolina State University at Raleigh.
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In 1966, single-year enrollment reached 10,000.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120306052435/http://historicalstate.lib.ncsu.edu/histories/historical-sketch-of-north-carolina-state-university</ref> In the 1970s enrollment surpassed 19,000 and the School of Humanities and Social Sciences was added.
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Celebrating its centennial in 1987, NC State reorganized its internal structure, renaming all its schools to colleges (e.g. School of Engineering to the [[North Carolina State University College of Engineering|College of Engineering]]). Also in this year, it gained {{convert|700|acre|km2|1|abbr=on}} of land that was developed as [[Centennial Campus of North Carolina State University|Centennial Campus]]. Since then, NC State has focused on developing its new Centennial Campus. It has invested more than $620 million in facilities and infrastructure at the new campus, with {{convert|62|acre|km2|1|abbr=on}} of space being constructed. sixty-one private and government agency partners are located on Centennial Campus.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080415182331/http://centennial.ncsu.edu/overview/quickFacts.html</ref>
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NC State has almost 8,000 employees, nearly 35,000 students, a $1.495&nbsp;billion annual budget, and a $1.4&nbsp;billion endowment.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190924215420/https://oirp.ncsu.edu/facts-figures/the-basics/</ref><ref>https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-NTSE-Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-January-30-2020.ashx</ref> It is the largest university in the state and one of the anchors of North Carolina's [[Research Triangle]], together with [[Duke University]] and the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]].<ref>https://www.webcitation.org/6ApPRuSx8?url=http://www.ncsu.edu/about-nc-state/quick-view/</ref>
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In 2009, NCSU canceled a planned appearance by the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]] to speak on its Raleigh campus, citing concerns about a [[China|Chinese]] backlash and a shortage of time and resources.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141231232700/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-01/china-says-no-talking-tibet-as-confucius-funds-u-s-universities.html </ref>
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NCSU Libraries Special Collections Research Center, located in [[D.H. Hill Library]], maintains a website devoted to NC State history entitled ''Historical State''.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191026134909/https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/news/special-collections/historical-state|archive-date=October 26, 2019</ref>
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==Notable alumni==
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NC State has 156,297 living alumni, with 61% of alumni living in North Carolina.There are 100 alumni clubs in North Carolina and another 42 states also have active clubs. In addition to alumni, the university employs 2,040 faculty and 5,843 staff. A number of NC State alumni and faculty have made significant contributions in the fields of government, military, science, academia, business, arts, and athletics, among others.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080609050313/http://www.ncsu.edu/alumni/index.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071018130847/http://ncsu.edu/alumni/prominent-alumni/index.php</ref>
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Among the most notable alumni with involvement in politics are [[John Edwards]], former U.S. Senator and two time presidential candidate; [[Jim Hunt|James B. Hunt Jr.]], 4-term [[Governor of North Carolina]]; [[Nida Allam]], the first Muslim woman to be elected to a North Carolina government office; and [[Robert Gibbs]], former [[White House Press Secretary]].<ref>https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070807221052/http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=11158797</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080724060330/http://www.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/hiedfuture/bios/hunt.pdf</ref>
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Combining science and politics, [[Rajendra K. Pachauri|Rajendra Kumar Pachauri]] was the elected chief of the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC), an organization that shared the 2007 [[Nobel Peace Prize]] with [[Al Gore]]; Pachauri represented the IPCC in receiving the award.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080516230452/http://www.ncsu.edu/featured-stories/intl-connections/oct-2007/nobel-prize/index.php </ref> [[Abdurrahim El-Keib]] is the interim prime minister of [[Libya]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120104025109/http://www.newsobserver.com/2011/11/03/1614808/can-he-re-engineer-libya.html#storylink=cpy</ref> Alumnus [[Munir Ahmad Khan]] gained international recognition for his work in reactor quantum physics and later guided the scientific research in nuclear weapons for [[Pakistan]]'s [[atomic bomb]] programs.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120321204012/http://www.ishtiaqahmad.com/item_display.aspx?listing_id=562&listing_type=1</ref> [[NASA]] astronaut [[Christina Koch]] also attended NC State, earning two Bachelor's degrees in Electrical Engineering and Physics and a Masters of Science in Electrical Engineering.
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Several alumni hold or have held top positions at large companies. These include: [[Apple Inc.]] ([[Jeff Williams (Apple)|Jeff Williams]], Chief Operating Officer), [[Caterpillar Inc.]] ([[James W. Owens]]), [[SAS Institute]] ([[James Goodnight]]), President and CEO), and HowStuffWorks ([[Marshall Brain]]).
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Over 50 NC State alumni have achieved the rank of Brigadier General or higher in the [[Military of the United States|United States military]]. General [[William C. Lee]] is often referred to as the "Father of the U.S. [[airborne forces|Airborne]]."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080611111457/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/aviation/lee.htm|archive-date=June 11, 2008</ref>
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General [[Maxwell R. Thurman]], a former [[Vice Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army]], was the first [[Four-star rank|four-star officer]] from NCSU.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081211191234/http://www.alumni.ncsu.edu/military/officers.php</ref> [[Hugh Shelton]], now retired, was a former [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] and a four-star general.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081113123851/http://www.redhat.com/about/presscenter/2003/press_shelton.html|archive-date=November 13, 2008</ref> General [[Dan McNeill]] commands the International Security Assistance Force in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080613201048/http://www.nato.int/isaf/structure/bio/comisaf/mcneill.html</ref>
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Some alumni have become national academic leaders. [[Albert Carnesale]] was the chancellor of [[UCLA]] from 1997 to 2006 after a 23-year tenure at [[Harvard University]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080519065833/http://www.pastleaders.ucla.edu/carnesale.html|archive-date=May 19, 2008</ref> [[William C. Friday|Bill Friday]] served as president of the [[University of North Carolina system]] for 30 years.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20020613182520/http://www.unctv.org/biocon/wfriday/|url-status=dead</ref> [[William Brantley Aycock]] served as chancellor of the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] from 1957 until 1964.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081208060205/http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/a/Aycock,William_B.html</ref>
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Notable contributors to the entertainment industry are associated with NC State. Actor and comedian [[Zach Galifianakis]] attended NC State.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170422003820/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/31/magazine/31Galifianakis-t.html?pagewanted=3|</ref> Country singer and [[American Idol]] winner [[Scotty McCreery]] attends NC State University.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120511023827/http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/04/03/1976379/scotty-mccreery-becoming-a-wolfpacker.html </ref> [[Donald Bitzer]], the father of [[Plasma display|plasma television]] and [[Emmy Award]] winner, sits on the faculty of NC State.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081208023420/http://www.engr.uiuc.edu/communications/outlook/Text%2042-1-2/dev.emmy.htm</ref> Musician and entertainment personality [[John Tesh]] also studied at NC State, but was expelled his junior year.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130522003922/http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20101005/ARTICLES/101009813?p=1&tc=pg</ref> Internetainers [[Rhett and Link]] also attended NC State.
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==References==
 
==References==
 
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Latest revision as of 07:57, 26 January 2021

Group.png North Carolina State University  
(University) WebsiteRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
North Carolina State University seal.png
MottoThink and Do
Formation1887
Type Public
Sponsored byOpen Philanthropy
Other nameWolfpack
Over 50 NC State alumni have achieved the rank of Brigadier General or higher in the United States military.

North Carolina State University (also referred to as NCSU, NC State, or just State) is a public land-grant research university in Raleigh, North Carolina.[1] Founded in 1887 and part of the University of North Carolina system, it is the largest university in the Carolinas. The university forms one of the corners of the Research Triangle together with Duke University in Durham and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[2]

The North Carolina General Assembly established the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now NC State, on March 7, 1887, originally as a land-grant college. Today, NC State has an enrollment of more than 35,000 students, making it among the largest in the country. NC State has historical strengths in engineering, statistics, agriculture, life sciences, textiles and design and offers bachelor's degrees in 106 fields of study. The graduate school offers master's degrees in 104 fields, doctoral degrees in 61 fields, and a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.[3]

History

First freshman class at North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1889

The North Carolina General Assembly founded NC State on March 7, 1887 as a land-grant college under the name "North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts," or "North Carolina A&M" for short.[4] In the segregated system, it was open only to white students. As a land-grant college, North Carolina A&M would provide a liberal and practical education while focusing on military tactics, agriculture and the mechanical arts without excluding classical studies.[5] Since its founding, the university has maintained these objectives while building on them.After opening in 1889, North Carolina A&M saw its enrollment fluctuate and its mandate expand. In 1917, it changed its name to "North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering"—or "North Carolina State" for short.[6] During the Great Depression, the North Carolina state government, under Governor O. Max Gardner, administratively combined the University of North Carolina, the Woman's College (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro), and NC State. This conglomeration became the University of North Carolina in 1931.[7] In 1937 Blake R Van Leer joined as Dean and started the graduate program for engineering.[8] Following World War II, the university grew and developed. The G.I. Bill enabled thousands of veterans to attend college, and enrollment shot past the 5,000 mark in 1947.

State College created new academic programs, including the School of Architecture and Landscape Design in 1947 (renamed as the School of Design in 1948), the School of Education in 1948, and the School of Forestry in 1950. In the summer of 1956, following the US Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that segregated public education was unconstitutional, North Carolina State College enrolled its first African-American undergraduates, Ed Carson, Manuel Crockett, Irwin Holmes, and Walter Holmes.[9]

Panoramic photo of campus taken around 1909

In 1962, State College officials desired to change the institution's name to North Carolina State University. Consolidated university administrators approved a change to the University of North Carolina at Raleigh, frustrating many students and alumni who protested the change with letter writing campaigns. In 1963, State College officially became North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina. Students, faculty, and alumni continued to express dissatisfaction with this name, however, and after two additional years of protest, the name was changed to the current North Carolina State University at Raleigh.

In 1966, single-year enrollment reached 10,000.[10] In the 1970s enrollment surpassed 19,000 and the School of Humanities and Social Sciences was added.

Celebrating its centennial in 1987, NC State reorganized its internal structure, renaming all its schools to colleges (e.g. School of Engineering to the College of Engineering). Also in this year, it gained 700 acres (2.8 km2) of land that was developed as Centennial Campus. Since then, NC State has focused on developing its new Centennial Campus. It has invested more than $620 million in facilities and infrastructure at the new campus, with 62 acres (0.3 km2) of space being constructed. sixty-one private and government agency partners are located on Centennial Campus.[11]

NC State has almost 8,000 employees, nearly 35,000 students, a $1.495 billion annual budget, and a $1.4 billion endowment.[12][13] It is the largest university in the state and one of the anchors of North Carolina's Research Triangle, together with Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[14]

In 2009, NCSU canceled a planned appearance by the Dalai Lama to speak on its Raleigh campus, citing concerns about a Chinese backlash and a shortage of time and resources.[15]

NCSU Libraries Special Collections Research Center, located in D.H. Hill Library, maintains a website devoted to NC State history entitled Historical State.[16]

Notable alumni

NC State has 156,297 living alumni, with 61% of alumni living in North Carolina.There are 100 alumni clubs in North Carolina and another 42 states also have active clubs. In addition to alumni, the university employs 2,040 faculty and 5,843 staff. A number of NC State alumni and faculty have made significant contributions in the fields of government, military, science, academia, business, arts, and athletics, among others.[17][18]

Among the most notable alumni with involvement in politics are John Edwards, former U.S. Senator and two time presidential candidate; James B. Hunt Jr., 4-term Governor of North Carolina; Nida Allam, the first Muslim woman to be elected to a North Carolina government office; and Robert Gibbs, former White House Press Secretary.[19][20]

Combining science and politics, Rajendra Kumar Pachauri was the elected chief of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an organization that shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore; Pachauri represented the IPCC in receiving the award.[21] Abdurrahim El-Keib is the interim prime minister of Libya.[22] Alumnus Munir Ahmad Khan gained international recognition for his work in reactor quantum physics and later guided the scientific research in nuclear weapons for Pakistan's atomic bomb programs.[23] NASA astronaut Christina Koch also attended NC State, earning two Bachelor's degrees in Electrical Engineering and Physics and a Masters of Science in Electrical Engineering.

Several alumni hold or have held top positions at large companies. These include: Apple Inc. (Jeff Williams, Chief Operating Officer), Caterpillar Inc. (James W. Owens), SAS Institute (James Goodnight), President and CEO), and HowStuffWorks (Marshall Brain).

Over 50 NC State alumni have achieved the rank of Brigadier General or higher in the United States military. General William C. Lee is often referred to as the "Father of the U.S. Airborne."[24] General Maxwell R. Thurman, a former Vice Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, was the first four-star officer from NCSU.[25] Hugh Shelton, now retired, was a former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and a four-star general.[26] General Dan McNeill commands the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan.[27]

Some alumni have become national academic leaders. Albert Carnesale was the chancellor of UCLA from 1997 to 2006 after a 23-year tenure at Harvard University.[28] Bill Friday served as president of the University of North Carolina system for 30 years.[29] William Brantley Aycock served as chancellor of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1957 until 1964.[30]

Notable contributors to the entertainment industry are associated with NC State. Actor and comedian Zach Galifianakis attended NC State.[31] Country singer and American Idol winner Scotty McCreery attends NC State University.[32] Donald Bitzer, the father of plasma television and Emmy Award winner, sits on the faculty of NC State.[33] Musician and entertainment personality John Tesh also studied at NC State, but was expelled his junior year.[34] Internetainers Rhett and Link also attended NC State.


 

EventDescription
Open PhilanthropyGrant maker funneling deep state money among other things to pandemic planning. Financed Event 201.

 

Alumni on Wikispooks

PersonBornSummaryDescription
Ibrahim Elbadawi
Robert Gibbs29 March 1971PropagandistPR-exec who was White House Press Secretary from 2009 to 2011, then started working for McDonald's.
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References

  1. ↑ https://www.webcitation.org/6ApPQzWJi?url=http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_116/gs_116-4.html
  2. ↑ https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=199193
  3. ↑ https://www.webcitation.org/6ApPRuSx8?url=http://www.ncsu.edu/about-nc-state/quick-view/
  4. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150926231807/https://onboarding.ncsu.edu/nc-state-university-history-fun-facts/
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100609102238/http://historicalstate.lib.ncsu.edu/histories/brief-history-of-north-carolina-state-university
  6. ↑ =https://web.archive.org/web/20171029151750/http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/scrc/university-historical-sketch
  7. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120415132310/http://www.northcarolina.edu/about/mission.htm
  8. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140425024348/http://library.ncsu.edu/findingaids/ua105_002/#History
  9. ↑ https://archive.today/20120710153407/http://historicalstate.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/1956-first-african-american-undergraduates
  10. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120306052435/http://historicalstate.lib.ncsu.edu/histories/historical-sketch-of-north-carolina-state-university
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080415182331/http://centennial.ncsu.edu/overview/quickFacts.html
  12. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190924215420/https://oirp.ncsu.edu/facts-figures/the-basics/
  13. ↑ https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-NTSE-Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-January-30-2020.ashx
  14. ↑ https://www.webcitation.org/6ApPRuSx8?url=http://www.ncsu.edu/about-nc-state/quick-view/
  15. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141231232700/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-01/china-says-no-talking-tibet-as-confucius-funds-u-s-universities.html
  16. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20191026134909/https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/news/special-collections/historical-state%7Carchive-date=October 26, 2019
  17. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080609050313/http://www.ncsu.edu/alumni/index.php
  18. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20071018130847/http://ncsu.edu/alumni/prominent-alumni/index.php
  19. ↑ https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070807221052/http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=11158797
  20. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080724060330/http://www.ed.gov/about/bdscomm/list/hiedfuture/bios/hunt.pdf
  21. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080516230452/http://www.ncsu.edu/featured-stories/intl-connections/oct-2007/nobel-prize/index.php
  22. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120104025109/http://www.newsobserver.com/2011/11/03/1614808/can-he-re-engineer-libya.html#storylink=cpy
  23. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120321204012/http://www.ishtiaqahmad.com/item_display.aspx?listing_id=562&listing_type=1
  24. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080611111457/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/aviation/lee.htm%7Carchive-date=June 11, 2008
  25. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20081211191234/http://www.alumni.ncsu.edu/military/officers.php
  26. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20081113123851/http://www.redhat.com/about/presscenter/2003/press_shelton.html%7Carchive-date=November 13, 2008
  27. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080613201048/http://www.nato.int/isaf/structure/bio/comisaf/mcneill.html
  28. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080519065833/http://www.pastleaders.ucla.edu/carnesale.html%7Carchive-date=May 19, 2008
  29. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20020613182520/http://www.unctv.org/biocon/wfriday/%7Curl-status=dead
  30. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20081208060205/http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/a/Aycock,William_B.html
  31. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170422003820/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/31/magazine/31Galifianakis-t.html?pagewanted=3%7C
  32. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120511023827/http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/04/03/1976379/scotty-mccreery-becoming-a-wolfpacker.html
  33. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20081208023420/http://www.engr.uiuc.edu/communications/outlook/Text%2042-1-2/dev.emmy.htm
  34. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130522003922/http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20101005/ARTICLES/101009813?p=1&tc=pg
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