Difference between revisions of "Felipe Calderón"

From Wikispooks
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(WEF/YGL stub)
 
(alma mater)
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n
 
|twitter=
 
|twitter=
−
|constitutes=
+
|constitutes=politician, puppet leader?
−
|image=
+
|image=Felipe Calderon Hinojosa - 2007 World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos.jpg
 
|interests=
 
|interests=
 
|nationality=
 
|nationality=
−
|birth_date=
+
|birth_date=8 August 1962
 
|birth_place=
 
|birth_place=
 
|death_date=
 
|death_date=
 
|death_place=
 
|death_place=
−
|description=
+
|description=[[WEF/Global Leaders for Tomorrow/1997|WEF/Global Leader for Tomorrow 1997]]. President of Mexico 2006-2012.
−
|parents=
+
|parents=Luis Calderón Vega
−
|spouses=
+
|spouses=Margarita Zavala
 
|children=
 
|children=
 
|relatives=
 
|relatives=
−
|alma_mater=
+
|alma_mater=Free School of Law (Mexico),Mexico Autonomous Institute of Technology,Harvard/Kennedy School
−
|political_parties=
+
|political_parties=National Action Party
 
|employment={{job
 
|employment={{job
−
|title=
+
|title= President of Mexico
−
|start=
+
|start=1 December 2006
−
|end=
+
|end=30 November 2012
 
}}{{job
 
}}{{job
−
|title=
+
|title=Secretary of Energy of Mexico
−
|start=
+
|start=2 September 2003
−
|end=
+
|end=1 June 2004
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=Director General of the National Works and Public Services Bank
 +
|start=12 February 2003
 +
|end=2 September 2003
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Michoacán
 +
|start=1 September 2000
 +
|end=12 February 2003
 
}}
 
}}
 
}}
 
}}
 +
'''Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa''' is a Mexican politician who was the 63rd [[President of Mexico]] from 1 December 2006 to 30 November 2012 and  [[Secretariat of Energy (Mexico)|Secretary of Energy]] during the presidency of [[Vicente Fox]] between 2003 and 2004. He was a member of the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] (''Partido Acción Nacional'', PAN) for thirty years before quitting the party in November 2018.
 +
 +
==Background==
 +
His father was [[Luis Calderón Vega]], one of the founders of the PAN as well as one of its most prominent members; Felipe himself joined the party in the 80s. Prior to becoming President, Calderón received two master's degrees and went on to work within the PAN when it was still an opposition party during the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]] regime.
 +
 +
==Early Politics==
 +
Calderón was National President of the party, [[Chamber of Deputies|Federal Deputy]], and [[Secretariat of Energy (Mexico)|Secretary of Energy]] in [[Vicente Fox]]'s [[Cabinet of Mexico|cabinet]]. He was in the cabinet of the previous administration up until he resigned to run for the Presidency and secured his party's nomination.
 +
 +
In 1997 he was selected a [[WEF/Global Leaders for Tomorrow/1997|Global Leader for Tomorrow]] by the [[World Economic Forum]].
 +
 +
==Presidency==
 +
In the [[2006 Mexican general election|2006 Presidential election]], he ran as the PAN candidate. After a heated campaign and a [[Controversies of the 2006 Mexican general election|controversial]] electoral process, the Federal Electoral Institute's official results gave Calderón a tiny lead (less than 1% of advantage of the total votes)<ref name="te.gob.mx">https://web.archive.org/web/20160328180904/http://www.te.gob.mx/documentacion/publicaciones/informes/dictamen.pd</ref> above [[Party of the Democratic Revolution|PRD]] candidate [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref name="te.gob.mx"/><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160722194602/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/04/mexico </ref> While López Obrador and the PRD disputed the results and called for a complete recount of the votes, Calderón's victory was confirmed months later on 5 September by the [[Federal Electoral Tribunal]].<ref name="te.gob.mx"/> [[Legislative violence#Mexico|Calderón's inauguration ceremony]] at the [[Congress of the Union]] was tense and lasted less than five minutes, as he only recited the [[oath of office]] while the PRD legislators shouted in protest against the alleged electoral fraud, and afterwards he quickly left the building for security reasons as some of the legislators engaged in violent brawls.<ref name="excelsior.com.mx">https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2016/12/01/1131504</ref>
  
 +
His presidency was marked by his declaration of [[Mexican Drug War|war against the drug cartels]] only ten days after taking office; this was considered by most observers as an immediate strategy to gain popular legitimacy for the new President after the convoluted elections.<ref name="jornada.com.mx">http://www.jornada.com.mx/2007/12/01/index.php?section=politica&article=009n1pol </ref><ref name="sinembargo.mx">http://www.sinembargo.mx/06-12-2016/3122368</ref><ref name="El gran fracaso por la legitimidad">https://revistareplicante.com/el-gran-fracaso-por-la-legitimidad/</ref> Calderón sanctioned [[Operation Michoacán]], the first large-scale deployment of federal troops against the drug cartels. By the end of his administration, the official number of deaths related to the drug war was at least 60,000. The murder rate skyrocketed during his presidency parallel to that of the ignition of the drug war, with the murder rate peaking in 2010 and decreasing during the last two years of his term. The main architect of the drug war, [[Genaro García Luna]] (who was [[Secretary of Public Security (Mexico)|Secretary of Public Security]] during the entirety of Calderón's administration), was arrested in the United States in 2019 due to alleged links with the [[Sinaloa cartel]].<ref name=arrest>https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/former-mexican-secretary-public-security-arrested-drug-trafficking-conspiracy-and</ref>
  
 +
Calderón's term was also marked by the [[Great Recession]], which resulted in a 4.7% drop in gross domestic product for 2009.<ref name="World Bank GDP growth">http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2013&locations=MX&name_desc=false&start=2005</ref> An economic recovery the following year resulted in growth of 5.11%.<ref name="World Bank GDP growth" /> In 2007, Calderón established [[ProMéxico]], a public trust fund that promotes Mexico's interests in international trade and investment. The total [[foreign direct investment]] during Calderón's presidency was US$70.494&nbsp;billion.<ref>https://data.oecd.org/fdi/fdi-flows.htm|website=theOECD|language=en</ref> As a result of the [[Procyclical and countercyclical|countercyclical]]<ref name="Exc Andrade">http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2013/10/23/924865</ref> package passed in 2009 to address the effects of the global recession, the [[Debt-to-GDP ratio|national debt]] increased from 22.2% to 35% of GDP by December 2012.<ref name="Exc Andrade" /> The poverty rate increased from 43 to 46%.<ref>http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20121130.FAP7194/mexique-calderon-quitte-le-pouvoir-sans-avoir-atteint-ses-objectifs.html</ref>
 +
 +
Other significant events during Calderón's presidency include the 2008 passing of [[criminal justice]] reforms (fully implemented in 2016),<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21700682-right-reform-has-been-introduced-perfecting-it-could-take-years-trials-and-errors</ref> the [[2009 flu pandemic]], the 2010 establishment of the [[Agencia Espacial Mexicana]], the 2011 founding of the [[Pacific Alliance]] and the achievement of [[universal healthcare]]<ref>https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/mexico-universal-health/</ref> through [[Seguro Popular]] (passed under the Fox administration) in 2012. Under the Calderón administration sixteen new [[Mexican Protected Natural Areas|Protected Natural Areas]] were created.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=8EhDBAAAQBAJ&q=calderon+areas+protegidas+2006+2012&pg=PT249</ref> He began a one-year fellowship at [[Harvard Kennedy School|John F. Kennedy School of Government]] in January 2013, and returned to Mexico following the end of his tenure.
 +
 +
==Later politics==
 +
His wife [[Margarita Zavala]] was briefly an independent candidate in the [[Mexican general election, 2018|2018 presidential election]] before dropping out on 17 May.<ref>https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/margarita-zavala-renuncia-a-la-candidatura-presidencial/1239284</ref>
 +
 +
After three decades of being a PAN member, he left the party on 11 November 2018 to found his own party, Free Mexico (''México Libre''), which sought to debut in the [[2021 Mexican legislative election|2021 legislative elections]].<ref>https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/felipe-calderon-renuncia-al-pan/1277697 </ref> Its registration was rejected by the [[Instituto Nacional Electoral|INE]] as the "origin of cash contributions was not accredited, violating principles in terms of oversight, transparency and accountability."<ref>https://www.te.gob.mx/front3/bulletins/detail/3987/0|url-status=live}</ref>
  
  
Line 34: Line 63:
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
−
{{stub}}
 
−
 
  
 
{{PageCredit
 
{{PageCredit

Latest revision as of 04:47, 9 November 2024

Person.png Felipe Calderón  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(politician, puppet leader?)
Felipe Calderon Hinojosa - 2007 World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos.jpg
Born8 August 1962
Alma materFree School of Law (Mexico), Mexico Autonomous Institute of Technology, Harvard/Kennedy School
ParentsLuis Calderón Vega
SpouseMargarita Zavala
Member ofClub de Madrid, US/Department/State/International Visitor Leadership Program, WEF/Global Leaders for Tomorrow/1997
PartyNational Action Party
WEF/Global Leader for Tomorrow 1997. President of Mexico 2006-2012.

Employment.png President of Mexico

In office
1 December 2006 - 30 November 2012
Preceded byVicente Fox
Succeeded byEnrique Peña Nieto

Employment.png Secretary of Energy of Mexico

In office
2 September 2003 - 1 June 2004

Employment.png Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Michoacán

In office
1 September 2000 - 12 February 2003

Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa is a Mexican politician who was the 63rd President of Mexico from 1 December 2006 to 30 November 2012 and Secretary of Energy during the presidency of Vicente Fox between 2003 and 2004. He was a member of the National Action Party (Partido Acción Nacional, PAN) for thirty years before quitting the party in November 2018.

Background

His father was Luis Calderón Vega, one of the founders of the PAN as well as one of its most prominent members; Felipe himself joined the party in the 80s. Prior to becoming President, Calderón received two master's degrees and went on to work within the PAN when it was still an opposition party during the PRI regime.

Early Politics

Calderón was National President of the party, Federal Deputy, and Secretary of Energy in Vicente Fox's cabinet. He was in the cabinet of the previous administration up until he resigned to run for the Presidency and secured his party's nomination.

In 1997 he was selected a Global Leader for Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum.

Presidency

In the 2006 Presidential election, he ran as the PAN candidate. After a heated campaign and a controversial electoral process, the Federal Electoral Institute's official results gave Calderón a tiny lead (less than 1% of advantage of the total votes)[1] above PRD candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[1][2] While López Obrador and the PRD disputed the results and called for a complete recount of the votes, Calderón's victory was confirmed months later on 5 September by the Federal Electoral Tribunal.[1] Calderón's inauguration ceremony at the Congress of the Union was tense and lasted less than five minutes, as he only recited the oath of office while the PRD legislators shouted in protest against the alleged electoral fraud, and afterwards he quickly left the building for security reasons as some of the legislators engaged in violent brawls.[3]

His presidency was marked by his declaration of war against the drug cartels only ten days after taking office; this was considered by most observers as an immediate strategy to gain popular legitimacy for the new President after the convoluted elections.[4][5][6] Calderón sanctioned Operation Michoacán, the first large-scale deployment of federal troops against the drug cartels. By the end of his administration, the official number of deaths related to the drug war was at least 60,000. The murder rate skyrocketed during his presidency parallel to that of the ignition of the drug war, with the murder rate peaking in 2010 and decreasing during the last two years of his term. The main architect of the drug war, Genaro García Luna (who was Secretary of Public Security during the entirety of Calderón's administration), was arrested in the United States in 2019 due to alleged links with the Sinaloa cartel.[7]

Calderón's term was also marked by the Great Recession, which resulted in a 4.7% drop in gross domestic product for 2009.[8] An economic recovery the following year resulted in growth of 5.11%.[8] In 2007, Calderón established ProMéxico, a public trust fund that promotes Mexico's interests in international trade and investment. The total foreign direct investment during Calderón's presidency was US$70.494 billion.[9] As a result of the countercyclical[10] package passed in 2009 to address the effects of the global recession, the national debt increased from 22.2% to 35% of GDP by December 2012.[10] The poverty rate increased from 43 to 46%.[11]

Other significant events during Calderón's presidency include the 2008 passing of criminal justice reforms (fully implemented in 2016),[12] the 2009 flu pandemic, the 2010 establishment of the Agencia Espacial Mexicana, the 2011 founding of the Pacific Alliance and the achievement of universal healthcare[13] through Seguro Popular (passed under the Fox administration) in 2012. Under the Calderón administration sixteen new Protected Natural Areas were created.[14] He began a one-year fellowship at John F. Kennedy School of Government in January 2013, and returned to Mexico following the end of his tenure.

Later politics

His wife Margarita Zavala was briefly an independent candidate in the 2018 presidential election before dropping out on 17 May.[15]

After three decades of being a PAN member, he left the party on 11 November 2018 to found his own party, Free Mexico (México Libre), which sought to debut in the 2021 legislative elections.[16] Its registration was rejected by the INE as the "origin of cash contributions was not accredited, violating principles in terms of oversight, transparency and accountability."[17]


 

Appointments by Felipe Calderón

AppointeeJobAppointedEnd
Salomon Chertorivski WoldenbergSecretary of Health of Mexico9 September 201130 November 2012
Salomon Chertorivski WoldenbergNational Commissioner for Social Health Protection (Mexico)4 March 20099 September 2011

 

Events Participated in

EventStartEndLocation(s)Description
WEF/Annual Meeting/200421 January 200425 January 2004World Economic Forum
Switzerland		2068 billionaires, CEOs and their politicians and "civil society" leaders met under the slogan Partnering for Prosperity and Security. "We have the people who matter," said World Economic Forum Co-Chief Executive Officer José María Figueres.
WEF/Annual Meeting/200724 January 200728 January 2007SwitzerlandOnly the 449 public figures listed of ~2200 participants
WEF/Annual Meeting/200923 January 200927 January 2009World Economic Forum
Switzerland		Chairman Klaus Schwab outlined five objectives driving the Forum’s efforts to shape the global agenda, including letting the banks that caused the 2008 economic crisis keep writing the rules, the climate change agenda, over-national government structures, taking control over businesses with the stakeholder agenda, and a "new charter for the global economic order".
WEF/Annual Meeting/201126 January 201130 January 2011World Economic Forum
Switzerland		2229 guests in Davos, with the theme: "Shared Norms for the New Reality".
Many thanks to our Patrons who cover ~2/3 of our hosting bill. Please join them if you can.


References

  1. ↑ a b c https://web.archive.org/web/20160328180904/http://www.te.gob.mx/documentacion/publicaciones/informes/dictamen.pd
  2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160722194602/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/04/mexico
  3. ↑ https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2016/12/01/1131504
  4. ↑ http://www.jornada.com.mx/2007/12/01/index.php?section=politica&article=009n1pol
  5. ↑ http://www.sinembargo.mx/06-12-2016/3122368
  6. ↑ https://revistareplicante.com/el-gran-fracaso-por-la-legitimidad/
  7. ↑ https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/former-mexican-secretary-public-security-arrested-drug-trafficking-conspiracy-and
  8. ↑ a b http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2013&locations=MX&name_desc=false&start=2005
  9. ↑ https://data.oecd.org/fdi/fdi-flows.htm%7Cwebsite=theOECD%7Clanguage=en
  10. ↑ a b http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2013/10/23/924865
  11. ↑ http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/monde/20121130.FAP7194/mexique-calderon-quitte-le-pouvoir-sans-avoir-atteint-ses-objectifs.html
  12. ↑ https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21700682-right-reform-has-been-introduced-perfecting-it-could-take-years-trials-and-errors
  13. ↑ https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/mexico-universal-health/
  14. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=8EhDBAAAQBAJ&q=calderon+areas+protegidas+2006+2012&pg=PT249
  15. ↑ https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/margarita-zavala-renuncia-a-la-candidatura-presidencial/1239284
  16. ↑ https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/felipe-calderon-renuncia-al-pan/1277697
  17. ↑ https://www.te.gob.mx/front3/bulletins/detail/3987/0%7Curl-status=live}
Wikipedia.png This page imported content from Wikipedia on 01.01.2022.
Wikipedia is not affiliated with Wikispooks.   Original page source here
Retrieved from "https://wikispooks.com/w/index.php?title=Felipe_Calderón&oldid=286499"