Difference between revisions of "White-collar crime"
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|image=White-collar crime.jpg | |image=White-collar crime.jpg | ||
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| − | |description=Crimes by | + | |description=Crimes by well educated people, often with high social status. |
|constitutes=Crime, Corruption | |constitutes=Crime, Corruption | ||
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| − | '''White-collar crime''' is financially motivated, not directly violent crime committed through deceptive practices, by individuals, businesses and government officials.<ref>https://legaldictionary.net/white-collar-crime/</ref> It overlaps with [[corporate crime]]. While not violent and for some time not viewed as serious by society at at large,<ref>https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/consequences-white-collar-crime-white-collar-crime-agenda-research</ref> these crimes are today thought of as: "just as severe and devastating as street crimes" | + | '''White-collar crime''' is financially motivated, not directly violent crime committed through deceptive practices, by individuals, businesses and government officials.<ref>https://legaldictionary.net/white-collar-crime/</ref> It overlaps with [[corporate crime]]. |
| + | |||
| + | While not violent and for some time not viewed as serious by society at at large,<ref>https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/consequences-white-collar-crime-white-collar-crime-agenda-research</ref> these crimes are today thought of as: "just as severe and devastating as street crimes"<ref>https://attorneyatlawmagazine.com/white-collar-crime-what-is-how-affect-society</ref> (but may even be on the level of the most significant types of crime globally, like the [[drug trade|drug]] and [[weapons trade]]). | ||
It was first defined by the sociologist [[Edwin Sutherland]] in [[1939]] as: | It was first defined by the sociologist [[Edwin Sutherland]] in [[1939]] as: | ||
{{QB|"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation"}} | {{QB|"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation"}} | ||
| + | The American anti trust laws, such as the [[Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890]] and [[Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914]], are the background on which he formulated the concept (see also [[Cartel]]). | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Theory== | ||
White-collar criminals usually occupy a professional position of power and/or prestige, and one that commands well above average compensation.<ref>https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/white-collar-crime/</ref> A considerable percentage of white-collar offenders are middle-aged Caucasian men who usually commit their first white-collar offense sometime between their late thirties through their mid-forties and appear to have middle-class backgrounds.<ref>https://psichologyanswers.com/library/lecture/read/400026-who-are-the-offenders-of-white-collar-crime</ref> | White-collar criminals usually occupy a professional position of power and/or prestige, and one that commands well above average compensation.<ref>https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/white-collar-crime/</ref> A considerable percentage of white-collar offenders are middle-aged Caucasian men who usually commit their first white-collar offense sometime between their late thirties through their mid-forties and appear to have middle-class backgrounds.<ref>https://psichologyanswers.com/library/lecture/read/400026-who-are-the-offenders-of-white-collar-crime</ref> | ||
| − | + | [[File:Big_Tobacco_Is_Guilty_of_Conspiracy.png|right|585px|thumb|[[LA Times]] Aug. 18, 2006: A U.S. Federal Court ruled that the major domestic cigarette manufacturers were guilty of conspiring to deny, distort, and minimize the hazards of cigarette smoking to the public and ordered corrective statements to correct these deceptions.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379711001632</ref><ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-18-na-smoke18-story.html</ref><ref>https://www.prwatch.org/spin/2009/05/8380/cigarette-makers-lose-appeal-fraud-conspiracy-conviction</ref><ref>https://money.cnn.com/2006/08/17/news/companies/tobacco_ruling/</ref><ref>https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_U.S._Government%27s_racketeering_case_against_Big_Tobacco</ref>]] | |
White-collar crimes may include: | White-collar crimes may include: | ||
| − | + | * [[fraud]], [[insider trading]], [[Ponzi schemes]] <ref>https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/justice-studies/blog/white-collar-crime/</ref> | |
| − | * [[fraud]] | + | * [[bribery]], [[blackmail]] |
| − | + | * [[embezzlement]], [[wage theft]], [[labor racketeering]] <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100527091636/http://www.oig.dol.gov/public/reports/laborracpaper.pdf</ref> | |
| − | + | * [[cybercrime]], [[copyright infringement]] | |
| − | * [[ | ||
| − | |||
| − | * [[embezzlement]] | ||
| − | * [[cybercrime]] | ||
| − | |||
* [[money laundering]] | * [[money laundering]] | ||
| − | * [[identity theft]] | + | * [[forgery]], [[identity theft]] |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ===Etymology=== | |
| + | [[Edwin Sutherland]] ([[1883]] - [[1950]]) was an American [[sociologist]] and is considered as one of the most influential [[criminologist]]s of the [[20th century]]. He wanted to find a general theory of the typical criminal and by reading other researchers work, getting the idea that all criminals were stereotyped as impoverished or of low social standing he found that hard to believe considering people of high social standing committed crime as well.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160322210545/http://law.jrank.org/pages/2312/White-Collar-Crime-History-an-Idea-evolution-white-collar-crime.html White-Collar Crime: History of an Idea - The Evolution Of White-collar Crime]</ref> In his book Sutherland said "White collar crime may be defined as approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation."<ref>http://archive.today/2020.11.02-155958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-collar_crime</ref> | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 38: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 17:52, 16 March 2022
 White-collar crime  (Crime, Corruption)   | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Interest of | Jürgen Roth |
| Crimes by well educated people, often with high social status. | |
White-collar crime is financially motivated, not directly violent crime committed through deceptive practices, by individuals, businesses and government officials.[1] It overlaps with corporate crime.
While not violent and for some time not viewed as serious by society at at large,[2] these crimes are today thought of as: "just as severe and devastating as street crimes"[3] (but may even be on the level of the most significant types of crime globally, like the drug and weapons trade).
It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as:
"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation"
The American anti trust laws, such as the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, are the background on which he formulated the concept (see also Cartel).
Theory
White-collar criminals usually occupy a professional position of power and/or prestige, and one that commands well above average compensation.[4] A considerable percentage of white-collar offenders are middle-aged Caucasian men who usually commit their first white-collar offense sometime between their late thirties through their mid-forties and appear to have middle-class backgrounds.[5]
White-collar crimes may include:
- fraud, insider trading, Ponzi schemes [11]
- bribery, blackmail
- embezzlement, wage theft, labor racketeering [12]
- cybercrime, copyright infringement
- money laundering
- forgery, identity theft
Etymology
Edwin Sutherland (1883 - 1950) was an American sociologist and is considered as one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century. He wanted to find a general theory of the typical criminal and by reading other researchers work, getting the idea that all criminals were stereotyped as impoverished or of low social standing he found that hard to believe considering people of high social standing committed crime as well.[13] In his book Sutherland said "White collar crime may be defined as approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation."[14]
External links
- FBI - White-Collar Crime
- Cornell - White-collar crime
- Northcentral University - 5 Most Common White Collar Crimes
- Slate - A Failure of Feminism: Women Are Being Systematically Excluded From White-Collar Crime
Examples
| Page name | Description |
|---|---|
| Deepwater Horizon | An ecologically disastrous oil spill |
| Insider trading | Trading for your own benefit with knowledge only few have. |
| Lübeck disaster | Worst case, whereby the vaccine was contaminated with the bacteria (tuberculosis) that caused the disease. |
| Pay to play |
Related Quotation
| Page | Quote | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| "COVID-19/Vaccine" | “For us therefore, we're really taking that leap [to drive innovation] – us as a company, Bayer – in cell and gene therapies [...] ultimately the mRNA vaccines are an example for that cell and gene therapy. I always like to say: if we had surveyed two years ago in the public – ‘would you be willing to take a gene or cell therapy and inject it into your body?’ – we would have probably had a 95% refusal rate,” | Stefan Oelrich | 24 October 2021 |
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References
- ↑ https://legaldictionary.net/white-collar-crime/
- ↑ https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/consequences-white-collar-crime-white-collar-crime-agenda-research
- ↑ https://attorneyatlawmagazine.com/white-collar-crime-what-is-how-affect-society
- ↑ https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/white-collar-crime/
- ↑ https://psichologyanswers.com/library/lecture/read/400026-who-are-the-offenders-of-white-collar-crime
- ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379711001632
- ↑ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-aug-18-na-smoke18-story.html
- ↑ https://www.prwatch.org/spin/2009/05/8380/cigarette-makers-lose-appeal-fraud-conspiracy-conviction
- ↑ https://money.cnn.com/2006/08/17/news/companies/tobacco_ruling/
- ↑ https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_U.S._Government%27s_racketeering_case_against_Big_Tobacco
- ↑ https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/justice-studies/blog/white-collar-crime/
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100527091636/http://www.oig.dol.gov/public/reports/laborracpaper.pdf
- ↑ White-Collar Crime: History of an Idea - The Evolution Of White-collar Crime
- ↑ http://archive.today/2020.11.02-155958/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-collar_crime
