Difference between revisions of "Johan Galtung"
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|alma_mater=University of Oslo | |alma_mater=University of Oslo | ||
|interests=Peace | |interests=Peace | ||
| + | |constitutes=activist | ||
| + | |nationality=Norwegian | ||
|image=Johan Galtung.jpg | |image=Johan Galtung.jpg | ||
| − | |birth_date=1930 | + | |birth_date=24 October 1930 |
|birth_place=Oslo, Norway | |birth_place=Oslo, Norway | ||
| + | |death_date=17 February 2024 | ||
| + | |death_place=Oslo, Norway | ||
|employment= | |employment= | ||
| + | |description=Norwegian peace researcher and activist | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | '''Johan Vincent Galtung''' was a Norwegian sociologist and the principal founder of the discipline of peace and conflict studies.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_David_Brewer</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | He was the main founder of the [[Peace Research Institute Oslo]] (PRIO) in 1959 and served as its first director until [[1970]]. After Galtung left PRIO, it was taken over by the deep state and developed into a think tank theorizing on "just wars" to "open up for democracy", thus creating a "democratic peace" that would ensure peace in the future. | ||
==Western Community== | ==Western Community== | ||
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{{SMWQ | {{SMWQ | ||
|subjects= Western imperialism, NATO | |subjects= Western imperialism, NATO | ||
| − | |text=One basic formula for understanding the Community is this: 'Take five broken empires, add the sixth one later, and make one big neo-colonial empire out of it all. | + | |text=One basic formula for understanding the Community is this: 'Take five broken empires, add the sixth one later, and make one big neo-colonial empire out of it all. |
| − | | | + | |source_URL=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/896944 |
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
==Structural Violence== | ==Structural Violence== | ||
{{SMWQ | {{SMWQ | ||
| − | |subjects=structural violence | + | |subjects=structural violence, violence |
| − | |text=We shall refer to the type of violence where there is an actor that commits the violence as personal or direct, and to violence where there is no such actor as structural or indirect. In both cases individuals may be killed or mutilated, hit or hurt in both senses of these words [i.e., physical and psychological], and manipulated by means of stick or carrot strategies. But whereas in the first case these consequences can be traced back to concrete persons as actors, in the second case this is no longer meaningful. There by not be any person who directly harms another in the structure. The violence is built into the structure and shows up as unequal power and consequently as unequal life chances. | + | |text=We shall refer to the type of [[violence]] where there is an actor that commits the violence as personal or direct, and to violence where there is no such actor as structural or indirect. In both cases individuals may be killed or mutilated, hit or hurt in both senses of these words [i.e., physical and psychological], and manipulated by means of stick or carrot strategies. But whereas in the first case these consequences can be traced back to concrete persons as actors, in the second case this is no longer meaningful. There by not be any person who directly harms another in the structure. The violence is built into the structure and shows up as unequal power and consequently as unequal life chances. |
| − | |source_name= | + | |source_name=Violence, Peace, and Peace Research |
| + | |authors=Johan Galtung | ||
| + | |date=1969 | ||
| + | |source_details=p. 171 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{SMWQ | {{SMWQ | ||
| − | |subjects=structural violence | + | |subjects=structural violence, violence |
| − | |text=Violence with a clear subject-object relation is manifest because it is visible as action. . . . Violence without this relation is structural, built into structure. Thus, when one husband beats his wife there is a clear case of personal violence, but when one million husbands keep one million wives in ignorance there is structural violence. Correspondingly, in a society where life expectancy is twice as high in the upper as in the lower classes, violence is exercised even if there are no concrete actors one can point to directly attacking others, as when one person kills another. | + | |text=[[Violence]] with a clear subject-object relation is manifest because it is visible as action. ... Violence without this relation is structural, built into structure. Thus, when one husband beats his wife there is a clear case of personal violence, but when one million husbands keep one million wives in ignorance there is structural violence. Correspondingly, in a society where life expectancy is twice as high in the upper as in the lower classes, violence is exercised even if there are no concrete actors one can point to directly attacking others, as when one person [[murder|kills another]]. |
| − | |source_name= | + | |source_name=Violence, Peace, and Peace Research |
| + | |authors=Johan Galtung | ||
| + | |date=1969 | ||
| + | |source_details=p. 171 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | ==Awards== | ||
| + | Johan Galtung was awarded the [[Right Livelihood Award]] in 1987 for "his systematic and multidisciplinary study of the conditions which can lead to peace".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110928232825/http://rightlivelihood.org/galtung.html</ref> | ||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 13:08, 15 March 2024
 Johan Galtung    (activist) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 24 October 1930 Oslo, Norway |
| Died | 17 February 2024 (Age 93) Oslo, Norway |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Alma mater | University of Oslo |
| Founder of | PRIO, Structural violence |
| Interests | Peace |
Norwegian peace researcher and activist | |
Johan Vincent Galtung was a Norwegian sociologist and the principal founder of the discipline of peace and conflict studies.[1]
He was the main founder of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) in 1959 and served as its first director until 1970. After Galtung left PRIO, it was taken over by the deep state and developed into a think tank theorizing on "just wars" to "open up for democracy", thus creating a "democratic peace" that would ensure peace in the future.
Contents
Western Community
“One basic formula for understanding the Community is this: 'Take five broken empires, add the sixth one later, and make one big neo-colonial empire out of it all.”
Johan Galtung [2]
Structural Violence
“We shall refer to the type of violence where there is an actor that commits the violence as personal or direct, and to violence where there is no such actor as structural or indirect. In both cases individuals may be killed or mutilated, hit or hurt in both senses of these words [i.e., physical and psychological], and manipulated by means of stick or carrot strategies. But whereas in the first case these consequences can be traced back to concrete persons as actors, in the second case this is no longer meaningful. There by not be any person who directly harms another in the structure. The violence is built into the structure and shows up as unequal power and consequently as unequal life chances.”
Johan Galtung (1969) [3]
“Violence with a clear subject-object relation is manifest because it is visible as action. ... Violence without this relation is structural, built into structure. Thus, when one husband beats his wife there is a clear case of personal violence, but when one million husbands keep one million wives in ignorance there is structural violence. Correspondingly, in a society where life expectancy is twice as high in the upper as in the lower classes, violence is exercised even if there are no concrete actors one can point to directly attacking others, as when one person kills another.”
Johan Galtung (1969) [3]
Awards
Johan Galtung was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1987 for "his systematic and multidisciplinary study of the conditions which can lead to peace".[4]
A Document by Johan Galtung
| Title | Document type | Publication date | Subject(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Document:What Lies Ahead for Libya | article | 13 September 2011 | NATO 2011 Attacks on Libya |
References
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_David_Brewer
- ↑ https://www.azquotes.com/quote/896944
- ↑ a b Violence, Peace, and Peace Research p. 171
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110928232825/http://rightlivelihood.org/galtung.html
