Difference between revisions of "Malcolm X"
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|spouses=Betty Shabazz | |spouses=Betty Shabazz | ||
|constitutes=Minister, activist | |constitutes=Minister, activist | ||
| − | |birth_date=1925 | + | |birth_date=May 19, 1925 |
|birth_name=Malcolm Little | |birth_name=Malcolm Little | ||
|birth_place=Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. | |birth_place=Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. | ||
| − | |death_date=1965 | + | |death_date=February 21, 1965 |
|death_place=New York City, New York, U.S. | |death_place=New York City, New York, U.S. | ||
|religion=Sunni Islam | |religion=Sunni Islam | ||
| − | |||
|children=Attallah Shabazz, Qubilah Shabazz, Ilyasah Shabazz, Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz, Malikah Shabazz, Malaak Shabazz | |children=Attallah Shabazz, Qubilah Shabazz, Ilyasah Shabazz, Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz, Malikah Shabazz, Malaak Shabazz | ||
|parents=Earl Little, Louise Helen Norton Little | |parents=Earl Little, Louise Helen Norton Little | ||
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|source_URL=https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/799-i-m-for-truth-no-matter-who-tells-it-i-m-for | |source_URL=https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/799-i-m-for-truth-no-matter-who-tells-it-i-m-for | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Malcolm X''' was [[Malcolm X/Assassination|assassinated]] in 1965. | + | '''Malcolm X''' (born '''Malcolm Little''' was an [[African-American]] [[Islam in the United States|Muslim]] minister and [[human rights activists|human rights activist]] who was a popular figure during the [[civil rights movement]]. He is best known for his time spent as a vocal spokesman for the [[Nation of Islam]]. He was [[Malcolm X/Assassination|assassinated]] in 1965, probably by the [[FBI]]. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Family Background== | ||
| + | Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925, in [[Omaha, Nebraska]], the fourth of seven children of [[Grenada]]-born [[Louise Helen Little]] (née Norton) and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]-born Earl Little.<ref> Watson, Clarence; Akhtar, Salman (2012). "Ideology and Identity: Malcolm X". In Akhtar, Salman (ed.). The African American Experience: Psychoanalytic Perspectives. Lanham, Md.: Jason Aronson. p. 120. </ref> Earl was an outspoken [[Baptist]] [[Laity|lay]] speaker, and he and Louise were admirers of [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African]] activist [[Marcus Garvey]]. Earl was a local leader of the [[Universal Negro Improvement Association]] (UNIA) and Louise served as secretary and "branch reporter", sending news of local UNIA activities to ''[[Negro World]]''. Malcolm X later said that white violence killed four of his father's brothers.<refMalcolm X, Autobiography, pp. 3–4.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Because of [[Ku Klux Klan]] threats, Earl's UNIA activities were said to be "spreading trouble"<ref>DeCaro, pp.{{nbsp}}43–44.</ref> and the family relocated in 1926 to [[Milwaukee]], and shortly thereafter to [[Lansing, Michigan]].<ref>Natambu, p.{{nbsp}}3.</ref> There, the family was frequently harassed by the [[Black Legion (political movement)|Black Legion]], a white [[racist]] grou that burned down their family home in 1929.<ref>Natambu, p.{{nbsp}}4.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | When Malcolm was six, his father died in what has been officially ruled a [[streetcar]] accident, though his mother Louise believed Earl had been murdered by the Black Legion. Rumors that white racists were responsible for his father's death were widely circulated and were very disturbing to Malcolm X as a child. As an adult, he expressed conflicting beliefs on the question.<ref> Marable, Malcolm X, p. 29.</ref> After a dispute with creditors, Louise received a life insurance benefit of $1,000 (about $17,000 in 2020 dollars) in payments of $18 per month;<ref>Marable, Malcolm X, p. 32</ref> the issuer of another, larger policy refused to pay, claiming her husband Earl had committed suicide.<ref>Natambu, p. 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In 1937, a man Louise had been dating vanished from her life when she became pregnant with his child.<ref>Marable, Malcolm X, p. 35.</ref> In late 1938 she had a [[Mental breakdown|nervous breakdown]] and was committed to Kalamazoo State Psychiatric Hospital]]. The children were separated and sent to [[Foster care|foster homes]]. Malcolm and his siblings secured her release 24 years later.<ref>Marable, Malcolm X, pp. 35–36, 265</ref><ref>Perry, pp. 33–34, 331.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Malcolm attended West Junior High School in Lansing and then Mason High School in [[Mason, Michigan]], but left high school in 1941, before graduating.<ref>https://eu.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/2015/02/20/malcolm-xs-murder-rippled-hometown/23769113/ </ref> He excelled in junior high school but dropped out of high school after a white teacher told him that practicing law, his aspiration at the time, was "no realistic goal for a nigger".<ref> Perry, p. 42.</ref> Later, Malcolm X recalled feeling that the white world offered no place for a career-oriented black man, regardless of talent. | ||
| + | |||
| + | From age 14 to 21, Malcolm held a variety of jobs while living with his half-sister [[Ella Little-Collins]] in [[Roxbury, Boston|Roxbury]], a largely [[African-American neighborhood]] of [[Boston]].<ref>Natambu, pp. 21–29, 55–56.</ref><ref>Perry, pp. 32–48, 58–61.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | After a short time in [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]], Michigan, he moved to New York City's [[Harlem]] neighborhood in 1943, where he found employment on the [[New Haven Railroad]] and engaged in drug dealing, gambling, [[Racket (crime)|racketeering]], robbery, and [[Procuring (prostitution)|pimping]].<ref>Perry, pp. 62–81.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Summoned by the local [[Conscription in the United States#World War II|draft board]] for military service in World War{{nbsp}}II, he feigned mental disturbance by rambling and declaring: "I want to be sent down South. Organize them nigger soldiers... steal us some guns, and kill us [some] crackers".<ref>Malcolm X, Autobiography, p. 124</ref><ref>https://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/921123/archive_018698.htm </ref> He was declared "mentally disqualified for military service". | ||
| + | |||
| + | In late 1945, Malcolm returned to Boston, where he and four accomplices committed a series of burglaries targeting wealthy white families.<ref>Natambu, pp. 106–109.</ref> In 1946, he was arrested while picking up a stolen watch he had left at a shop for repairs,<ref>Perry, p. 99.</ref> and in February began serving an eight-to-ten-year sentence for larceny and breaking and entering.<ref>Marable, Malcolm X, pp. 67–68.</ref> | ||
==Opinions== | ==Opinions== | ||
Revision as of 10:23, 8 April 2021
 Malcolm X          (Minister, activist) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Malcolm Little May 19, 1925 Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. |
| Died | February 21, 1965 (Age 39) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Parents | • Earl Little • Louise Helen Norton Little |
| Children | • Attallah Shabazz • Qubilah Shabazz • Ilyasah Shabazz • Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz • Malikah Shabazz • Malaak Shabazz |
| Spouse | Betty Shabazz |
| Member of | Malcolm X family |
| Victim of | assassination |
| Interest of | Malcolm X family |
| Subpage | •Malcolm X/Assassination |
A Moslem leader who advocated violent revolution in the US. | |
Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He is best known for his time spent as a vocal spokesman for the Nation of Islam. He was assassinated in 1965, probably by the FBI.
Contents
Family Background
Malcolm Little was born May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, the fourth of seven children of Grenada-born Louise Helen Little (née Norton) and Georgia-born Earl Little.[2] Earl was an outspoken Baptist lay speaker, and he and Louise were admirers of Pan-African activist Marcus Garvey. Earl was a local leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and Louise served as secretary and "branch reporter", sending news of local UNIA activities to Negro World. Malcolm X later said that white violence killed four of his father's brothers.<refMalcolm X, Autobiography, pp. 3–4.</ref>
Because of Ku Klux Klan threats, Earl's UNIA activities were said to be "spreading trouble"[3] and the family relocated in 1926 to Milwaukee, and shortly thereafter to Lansing, Michigan.[4] There, the family was frequently harassed by the Black Legion, a white racist grou that burned down their family home in 1929.[5]
When Malcolm was six, his father died in what has been officially ruled a streetcar accident, though his mother Louise believed Earl had been murdered by the Black Legion. Rumors that white racists were responsible for his father's death were widely circulated and were very disturbing to Malcolm X as a child. As an adult, he expressed conflicting beliefs on the question.[6] After a dispute with creditors, Louise received a life insurance benefit of $1,000 (about $17,000 in 2020 dollars) in payments of $18 per month;[7] the issuer of another, larger policy refused to pay, claiming her husband Earl had committed suicide.[8]
In 1937, a man Louise had been dating vanished from her life when she became pregnant with his child.[9] In late 1938 she had a nervous breakdown and was committed to Kalamazoo State Psychiatric Hospital]]. The children were separated and sent to foster homes. Malcolm and his siblings secured her release 24 years later.[10][11]
Malcolm attended West Junior High School in Lansing and then Mason High School in Mason, Michigan, but left high school in 1941, before graduating.[12] He excelled in junior high school but dropped out of high school after a white teacher told him that practicing law, his aspiration at the time, was "no realistic goal for a nigger".[13] Later, Malcolm X recalled feeling that the white world offered no place for a career-oriented black man, regardless of talent.
From age 14 to 21, Malcolm held a variety of jobs while living with his half-sister Ella Little-Collins in Roxbury, a largely African-American neighborhood of Boston.[14][15]
After a short time in Flint, Michigan, he moved to New York City's Harlem neighborhood in 1943, where he found employment on the New Haven Railroad and engaged in drug dealing, gambling, racketeering, robbery, and pimping.[16]
Summoned by the local draft board for military service in World War II, he feigned mental disturbance by rambling and declaring: "I want to be sent down South. Organize them nigger soldiers... steal us some guns, and kill us [some] crackers".[17][18] He was declared "mentally disqualified for military service".
In late 1945, Malcolm returned to Boston, where he and four accomplices committed a series of burglaries targeting wealthy white families.[19] In 1946, he was arrested while picking up a stolen watch he had left at a shop for repairs,[20] and in February began serving an eight-to-ten-year sentence for larceny and breaking and entering.[21]
Opinions
Malcolm X advocated violent revolution in the US.
On corporate media
“The media's the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that's power. Because they control the minds of the masses.”
Malcolm X (1963) [22]
Assassination
- Full article: Malcolm X/Assassination
- Full article: Malcolm X/Assassination
The US Deep state used the FBI to assassinate Malcolm X, according to a deathbed confession letter by Raymond A. Wood penned in 2011 and released in 2021.[23]
A Quote by Malcolm X
| Page | Quote |
|---|---|
| Document:Election 2017: finally, a real choice for Britain's voters | “If you're not careful, the newspapers will have you hating the people who are being oppressed, and loving the people who are doing the oppressing.” |
Related Document
| Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Document:House Negro | book extract | 1 March 2012 | Denis Rancourt |
References
- ↑ https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/799-i-m-for-truth-no-matter-who-tells-it-i-m-for
- ↑ Watson, Clarence; Akhtar, Salman (2012). "Ideology and Identity: Malcolm X". In Akhtar, Salman (ed.). The African American Experience: Psychoanalytic Perspectives. Lanham, Md.: Jason Aronson. p. 120.
- ↑ DeCaro, pp. 43–44.
- ↑ Natambu, p. 3.
- ↑ Natambu, p. 4.
- ↑ Marable, Malcolm X, p. 29.
- ↑ Marable, Malcolm X, p. 32
- ↑ Natambu, p. 10.
- ↑ Marable, Malcolm X, p. 35.
- ↑ Marable, Malcolm X, pp. 35–36, 265
- ↑ Perry, pp. 33–34, 331.
- ↑ https://eu.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/2015/02/20/malcolm-xs-murder-rippled-hometown/23769113/
- ↑ Perry, p. 42.
- ↑ Natambu, pp. 21–29, 55–56.
- ↑ Perry, pp. 32–48, 58–61.
- ↑ Perry, pp. 62–81.
- ↑ Malcolm X, Autobiography, p. 124
- ↑ https://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/921123/archive_018698.htm
- ↑ Natambu, pp. 106–109.
- ↑ Perry, p. 99.
- ↑ Marable, Malcolm X, pp. 67–68.
- ↑ http://izquotes.com/quote/297464
- ↑ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9284295/Malcolm-Xs-family-release-new-letter-claims-FBI-police-conspired-1965-assassination.html
