Difference between revisions of "2015-11 Paris attacks"

From Wikispooks
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Inaugurating)
 
(Wikifying)
Line 14: Line 14:
 
|wkipedia  = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks
 
|wkipedia  = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks
 
|weapons    =  
 
|weapons    =  
−
* AK-47 assault rifles<ref>{{cite web |title=Paris attacks: More than 100 killed in gunfire and blasts, French media say |publisher=CNN |date=14 November 2015 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/13/world/paris-shooting/index.html |accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref>
+
* AK-47 assault rifles
 
* Hand grenades
 
* Hand grenades
 
* Suicide vests utilising TATP and improvised shrapnel
 
* Suicide vests utilising TATP and improvised shrapnel
Line 26: Line 26:
 
* 3 subsequent deaths
 
* 3 subsequent deaths
 
* 7 perpetrators<ref>{{cite news|author= Claire Phipps|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 November 2015|accessdate=15 November 2015|title=Paris attacker named as Ismaïl Omar Mostefai as investigation continues – live updates|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/15/paris-attacker-named-investigation-continues-live-updates}}</ref>  
 
* 7 perpetrators<ref>{{cite news|author= Claire Phipps|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 November 2015|accessdate=15 November 2015|title=Paris attacker named as Ismaïl Omar Mostefai as investigation continues – live updates|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/15/paris-attacker-named-investigation-continues-live-updates}}</ref>  
−
|injuries  = 352,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-34815972 |title=Paris attacks updates |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> including 96 seriously; 3 have reportedly died in hospital after the event.<ref>{{cite news|title=Attaques à Paris : ce que l'on sait des attentats qui ont fait au moins 128 morts|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/11/13/fusillade-meurtriere-a-paris_4809485_3224.html|accessdate=14 November 2015|agency=Le Monde.fr|publisher=Le Monde.fr|language=French}}</ref>
+
|injuries  = 352,<ref>{{cite news|title=Attaques à Paris : ce que l'on sait des attentats qui ont fait au moins 128 morts|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/11/13/fusillade-meurtriere-a-paris_4809485_3224.html|accessdate=14 November 2015|agency=Le Monde.fr|publisher=Le Monde.fr|language=French}}</ref>
 
|perpetrators=Masterminded by Abdelhamid Abaaoud<ref>{{cite news |last=Chassany |first=Anne-Sylvaine |date=15 November 2015 |title=Paris attacks: manhunt on for eighth terrorist |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9e59afa4-8b78-11e5-8be4-3506bf20cc2b.html |newspaper=Financial Times |location=Paris |access-date=15 November 2015 |subscription=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=15 November 2015|title=#Paris Terror Attacks: Police issue WANTED notice for terror suspect Salah Abdeslam (26) and warn people not to approach him|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/paris-terror-attacks-police-issue-wanted-notice-for-terror-suspect-salah-abdeslam-26-and-warn-people-not-to-approach-him-34202592.html}}</ref>
 
|perpetrators=Masterminded by Abdelhamid Abaaoud<ref>{{cite news |last=Chassany |first=Anne-Sylvaine |date=15 November 2015 |title=Paris attacks: manhunt on for eighth terrorist |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9e59afa4-8b78-11e5-8be4-3506bf20cc2b.html |newspaper=Financial Times |location=Paris |access-date=15 November 2015 |subscription=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=15 November 2015|title=#Paris Terror Attacks: Police issue WANTED notice for terror suspect Salah Abdeslam (26) and warn people not to approach him|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/paris-terror-attacks-police-issue-wanted-notice-for-terror-suspect-salah-abdeslam-26-and-warn-people-not-to-approach-him-34202592.html}}</ref>
 
|motive    = * Islamic extremism
 
|motive    = * Islamic extremism
Line 33: Line 33:
 
* Foreign policy of [[François Hollande]] in relation to Muslims worldwide.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/this-is-because-of-all-the-harm-done-by-hollande-to-muslims/ ‘This Is Because of all the Harm Done by Hollande to Muslims’], ''The New York Times''.</ref>
 
* Foreign policy of [[François Hollande]] in relation to Muslims worldwide.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/this-is-because-of-all-the-harm-done-by-hollande-to-muslims/ ‘This Is Because of all the Harm Done by Hollande to Muslims’], ''The New York Times''.</ref>
 
}}
 
}}
−
'''Mass murder in Paris''' was perpetrated on Friday 13 November 2015, when a series of coordinated terrorist attacks — consisting of mass shootings, suicide bombings, and hostage-taking — occurred in the French capital and in Saint-Denis, one of its northern suburbs.
+
'''Mass murder in Paris''' was perpetrated on Friday 13 November 2015, when a series of coordinated terrorist attacks — consisting of mass shootings, suicide bombings, and hostage-taking — occurred in the French capital and in Saint-Denis, one of its northern suburbs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paris attacks: More than 100 killed in gunfire and blasts, French media say |publisher=CNN |date=14 November 2015 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/13/world/paris-shooting/index.html |accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref>
  
−
Beginning at 21:16&nbsp; Central European Time (CET), there were six mass shootings in central Paris and three separate suicide bombings outside the Stade de France football stadium, where France were playing Germany.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soudain, l'une des bombes explose en plein match |url=http://www.20min.ch/ro/news/monde/story/Soudain--l-une-des-bombes-explose-en-plein-match-27994743 |website=20 minutes (Switzerland) |accessdate=14 November 2015 |quote=On entend clairement, sur cette vidéo, la détonation de 21h16 }}</ref>
+
Beginning at 21:16&nbsp; Central European Time (CET), there were six mass shootings in central Paris and three separate suicide bombings outside the Stade de France football stadium, where [[France]] were playing [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Soudain, l'une des bombes explose en plein match |url=http://www.20min.ch/ro/news/monde/story/Soudain--l-une-des-bombes-explose-en-plein-match-27994743 |website=20 minutes (Switzerland) |accessdate=14 November 2015 |quote=On entend clairement, sur cette vidéo, la détonation de 21h16 }}</ref>
  
−
The deadliest attack was at the Bataclan theatre, where attackers took hostages and engaged in a stand-off with police which ended at 00:58 on Saturday 14 November 2015.
+
The deadliest attack was at the Bataclan theatre, where attackers took hostages and engaged in a stand-off with police which ended at 00:58 on Saturday 14 November 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-34815972 |title=Paris attacks updates |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>
  
 
The [[Islamic State]] claimed responsibility for the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/14/world/paris-attacks/|title=ISIS claims responsibility of Paris attacks|publisher=CNN|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/urgent/20151114-lorganisation-etat-islamique-revendique-attentats-paris |title=L'organisation État islamique revendique les attentats de Paris |date=14 November 2015 |publisher=France 24 |language=French |access-date=14 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.disclose.tv/news/islamic_state_releases_official_statement_we_did_it_and_paris_is_just_the_start_of_a_storm/124426 |title=Islamic State releases official statement: 'We did it and Paris is just the start of the storm' |date=14 November 2015 |publisher=DiscloseTv |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref>
 
The [[Islamic State]] claimed responsibility for the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/14/world/paris-attacks/|title=ISIS claims responsibility of Paris attacks|publisher=CNN|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/urgent/20151114-lorganisation-etat-islamique-revendique-attentats-paris |title=L'organisation État islamique revendique les attentats de Paris |date=14 November 2015 |publisher=France 24 |language=French |access-date=14 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.disclose.tv/news/islamic_state_releases_official_statement_we_did_it_and_paris_is_just_the_start_of_a_storm/124426 |title=Islamic State releases official statement: 'We did it and Paris is just the start of the storm' |date=14 November 2015 |publisher=DiscloseTv |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref>
  
−
On 16 November 2015, the third day of national mourning in France, the suspected [[mastermind]] behind the '''mass murder in Paris''' was named as [[Abdelhamid Abaaoud]], a 27 year old [[Belgium|Belgian]] of [[Morocco|Moroccan]] origin.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/abdelhamid-abaaoud-belgian-man-identified-as-suspected-mastermind-of-paris-attacks-a6735871.html "Abdelhamid Abaaoud: What we know about the Belgian man identified as suspected 'mastermind' of Paris attacks"]</ref>
+
On 16 November 2015, the third day of national mourning in France, the suspected mastermind behind the '''mass murder in Paris''' was named as [[Abdelhamid Abaaoud]], a 27 year old [[Belgium|Belgian]] of [[Morocco|Moroccan]] origin.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/abdelhamid-abaaoud-belgian-man-identified-as-suspected-mastermind-of-paris-attacks-a6735871.html "Abdelhamid Abaaoud: What we know about the Belgian man identified as suspected 'mastermind' of Paris attacks"]</ref>
  
 
==Victims==
 
==Victims==

Revision as of 13:12, 16 November 2015

Event.png Mass murder in Paris(Deep event) Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Parisattacks.png
Locations of the attacks
Date13 November 2015 - 14 November 2015
PerpetratorsMasterminded by Abdelhamid Abaaoud[1][2]Property "Has perpetrator" (as page type) with input value "Masterminded by Abdelhamid Abaaoud[1][2]" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.[[Masterminded by Abdelhamid Abaaoud[1][2]|Masterminded by Abdelhamid Abaaoud[1][2]]]
Type• Mass shooting
• bombing
• hostage-taking
• suicide attack
Weapon
  • AK-47 assault rifles
  • Hand grenades
  • Suicide vests utilising TATP and improvised shrapnel
Deaths139, of which
  • 129 immediate victims:
    • Bataclan: 89
    • Le Carillon and Le Petit Cambodge: 11
    • La Casa Nostra: 5
    • Stade de France: 6
    • La Belle Équipe: 18
  • 3 subsequent deaths
  • 7 perpetrators[3]",ofwhich*129immediatevictims:**Bataclan:89**LeCarillonandLePetitCambodge:11**LaCasaNostra:5**StadedeFrance:6**LaBelleÉquipe:18*3subsequentdeaths*7perpetrators[3]" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 139.
Injured (non-fatal)352,[4]",[4]" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 352.
Motive
  • Islamic extremism
  • Ideological objection to Paris as a capital of "abomination and perversion"[5]
  • Retaliation for Opération Chammal (French airstrikes in Syria and Iraq[6]
  • Foreign policy of François Hollande in relation to Muslims worldwide.[7]

Mass murder in Paris was perpetrated on Friday 13 November 2015, when a series of coordinated terrorist attacks — consisting of mass shootings, suicide bombings, and hostage-taking — occurred in the French capital and in Saint-Denis, one of its northern suburbs.[8]

Beginning at 21:16  Central European Time (CET), there were six mass shootings in central Paris and three separate suicide bombings outside the Stade de France football stadium, where France were playing Germany.[9]

The deadliest attack was at the Bataclan theatre, where attackers took hostages and engaged in a stand-off with police which ended at 00:58 on Saturday 14 November 2015.[10]

The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks.[11][12][13]

On 16 November 2015, the third day of national mourning in France, the suspected mastermind behind the mass murder in Paris was named as Abdelhamid Abaaoud, a 27 year old Belgian of Moroccan origin.[14]

Victims

129 victims were killed,[15][16] 89 of them at the Bataclan theatre.[17][18] A further 415 were admitted to hospital with injuries sustained in the attacks, including 80 people described as being seriously injured.[19] In addition to the victims, seven attackers died, and the authorities continued to search for any accomplices remaining at large. The attacks were the deadliest in France since the Second World War,[20][21] and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004.

State of emergency

In response, French President François Hollande announced a state of emergency, the first since the 2005 French riots,[22] and placed temporary controls on the country's borders. People and organisations expressed solidarity including through social media. President Hollande declared the attacks as "an act of war".[23][24][25]

Retaliation

On 15 November, France launched its largest single airstrike of Opération Chammal, its contribution to the anti-ISIS bombing campaign, by striking numerous targets in Al-Raqqah, Syria in retaliation for the attacks.[26] Prior to the attack, France had been bombing the Middle East including Syria since October 2015. ISIL's motive was retaliation for French involvement in the Syrian Civil War and Iraqi Civil War.[27] In the weeks leading up to the attacks, ISIL had claimed responsibility for several attacks, such as twin suicide bombings in Beirut two days earlier and the bombing of Metrojet Flight 9268 on 31 October 2015. France had been on Vigipirate (high alert) since the January 2015 attacks in Paris that killed 17 people, including civilians and police officers.

Background

France's military has been involved in airstrikes in Iraq and Syria since 19 September 2014, known by the codename Operation Chammal. In October 2015, France struck targets in Syria for the first time.[28] ISIL specifically mentioned the airstrikes when they claimed responsibility for the attacks.[29]

France had been on high alert for terrorism since the Charlie Hebdo shooting and the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. France had also increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, scheduled to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015, and had restored border checks a week before the attacks. The Charlie Hebdo shooting in January 2015 occurred in the 11th arrondissement of Paris, where the Bataclan theatre is situated. France witnessed other, smaller, attacks throughout 2015, including the stabbing of three soldiers in Nice guarding a Jewish community centre in February;[30] an attempt to blow up a factory in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier in June, resulting in the death of an employee;[31] and a shooting and stabbing spree on a Thalys train in August 2015.[32]

Two Jewish brothers, Pascal and Joël Laloux,[33][34] owned the Bataclan theatre for more than 40 years until they sold it in September 2015.[35] The venue had been threatened several times because of their public support of Israel. In 2011, a group calling itself "Army of Islam" threatened the theatre because of this support.[36][37][38]

Recent mass murders

Islamic State and its branches claimed responsibility for numerous deadly attacks which took place in the weeks leading up to the mass murder in Paris. On 12 November 2015, twin suicide bombings took place in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 43 people. On 31 October 2015, Metrojet Flight 9268, carrying mostly Russian passengers crashed in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, killing 224 people, for which IS's Sinai Province claimed responsibility. On the day of the Paris attacks, IS's lead executioner, Jihadi John, was reported to have been probably killed by a US drone strike[39] and IS lost control of Sinjar in Iraq to Kurdish forces.[40]

Religious raid?

The Paris attacks happened on the first day of the Muslim lunar month of Safar, which in 2015 fell on 13 November.[41] Since the Islamic lunar calendar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the solar year, Safar migrates throughout the seasons. Safar has a religious significance within Islam, as it is named after Prophet Muhammad's “ghazwa” (religious raid) against the "infidel" at Safwan in 623. Islamic State has referred to the Paris attacks as a "ghazwa" (religious raid). When performed within the context of Islamic warfare, a ghazwa's function is to weaken and demoralise an enemy in preparation for their eventual conquest and subjugation.[42]

See also

References

  1. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  2. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  3. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  4. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  5. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  6. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  7. ↑ ‘This Is Because of all the Harm Done by Hollande to Muslims’, The New York Times.
  8. ↑ "Paris attacks: More than 100 killed in gunfire and blasts, French media say". CNN. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  9. ↑ "Soudain, l'une des bombes explose en plein match". 20 minutes (Switzerland). Retrieved 14 November 2015. On entend clairement, sur cette vidéo, la détonation de 21h16Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  10. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  11. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  12. ↑ "L'organisation État islamique revendique les attentats de Paris" (in French). France 24. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  13. ↑ "Islamic State releases official statement: 'We did it and Paris is just the start of the storm'". DiscloseTv. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  14. ↑ "Abdelhamid Abaaoud: What we know about the Belgian man identified as suspected 'mastermind' of Paris attacks"
  15. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  16. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  17. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  18. ↑ "Paris shootings and explosions near the Stade de France kill 18". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  19. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  20. ↑ Fraser, Isabelle; Henderson, Barney. "Paris shooting: terrorists attack French capital – as it happened on Friday Nov 13". The Telegraph. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  21. ↑ Slaughter, Graham. "Paris on edge: Recent terror attacks in France". CTV News. CTV news. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  22. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  23. ↑ "Paris attacks: Hollande blames Islamic State for 'act of war'". BBC News. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  24. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  25. ↑ "Hollande says Paris attacks 'an act of war' by Islamic State". Thomson Reuters Foundation. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  26. ↑ Rubin, Alissa. "France Strikes ISIS Targets in Syria in Retaliation for Attacks". New York Times. Retrieved 16 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  27. ↑ Dalton, Matthew; Varela, Thomas; Landauro, Inti (14 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Were an 'Act of War' by Islamic State, French President François Hollande Says". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 14 November 2015. Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks on a social media account, but didn't provide specific information that would allow the claim to be verified. It said the attacks were retaliation for French airstrikes against the group in Syria and Iraq.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  28. ↑ "Middle east – 'Terrorists have no passports,' French PM says of Syria air strikes". France 24. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  29. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  30. ↑ "French soldiers wounded in Nice Jewish centre attack". BBC News. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  31. ↑ Walker, Peter; Malik, Shiv (26 June 2015). "France launches terror inquiry after decapitated body found in factory attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  32. ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (22 August 2015). "France train attack: Americans overpower gunman on Paris express". The Guardian. Paris, France. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  33. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  34. ↑ "History of le Bataclan". Bataclan. Retrieved 15 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  35. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  36. ↑ "Pourquoi le Bataclan est-il régulièrement visé ?". Le Point. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  37. ↑ "French mag: Bataclan an Islamist target due to Jewish owners". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  38. ↑ "Fransk magasin: – Bataclan har jødiske eiere". Aftenposten. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  39. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  40. ↑ Jason Hanna and Ed Payne, CNN (13 November 2015). "Sinjar has been liberated from ISIS, Kurds say". CNN. Retrieved 13 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  41. ↑ Taheri, Amir (2015-11-15). "The jihadis' master plan to break us". New York Post. Retrieved 2015-11-16.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  42. ↑ Cambridge History of Islam, p. 269
Wikipedia.png This page imported content from Wikipedia on 16 November 2015.
Wikipedia is not affiliated with Wikispooks.   Original page source here
Retrieved from "https://wikispooks.com/w/index.php?title=2015-11_Paris_attacks&oldid=76085"