Difference between revisions of "Carl Gershman"
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|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Gershman | |wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Gershman | ||
|image=Carl Gershman.png | |image=Carl Gershman.png | ||
| + | |description=President of the [[National Endowment for Democracy]] since it was founded in 1984. His entire career has been in and around CIA-connected entities. | ||
|birth_date=July 20, 1943 | |birth_date=July 20, 1943 | ||
|birth_place= New York City | |birth_place= New York City | ||
|interests=B'nai B'rith,SDUSA | |interests=B'nai B'rith,SDUSA | ||
| + | |political_parties=Social Democrats USA | ||
|constitutes=spook,deep state actor | |constitutes=spook,deep state actor | ||
|alma_mater=Horace Mann Preparatory School,Yale University, Harvard Graduate School of Education | |alma_mater=Horace Mann Preparatory School,Yale University, Harvard Graduate School of Education | ||
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}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Carl Gershman''' has been the President of the [[National Endowment for Democracy]] since it was founded in 1984 as a 3rd-party organization to distance the U.S. government from funding political parties and groups and organizing regime-change operations. His entire career has been in and around CIA-connected entities, including the [[Social Democrats, USA]] | + | '''Carl Gershman''' has been the President of the [[National Endowment for Democracy]] since it was founded in 1984 as a 3rd-party organization to distance the U.S. government from funding political parties and groups and organizing regime-change operations. His entire career has been in and around CIA-connected entities, including the [[Social Democrats, USA]]. |
{{FA|National Endowment for Democracy}} | {{FA|National Endowment for Democracy}} | ||
| − | {{QB|It would be terrible for democratic groups around the world to be seen as subsidized by the CIA. We saw that in the Sixties, and that’s why it has been discontinued.}} | + | {{QB|It would be terrible for democratic groups around the world to be seen as subsidized by the CIA. We saw that in the Sixties, and that’s why it has been discontinued.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/01/world/missionaries-for-democracy-us-aid-for-global-pluralism.html</ref>}} |
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| − | On July 20, 1943, Carl Gershman was born in [[New York City]]. In 1961, he graduated from [[Horace Mann School]] of [[Riverdale, Bronx|Riverdale]] in [[The Bronx]].<ref name="NED"/><ref name="CWA"/> As an undergraduate at [[Yale University]], he was active in the Yale Civil Rights Council,<ref name="CWA"/> and volunteered in Mississippi and Alabama.<ref name="ABC">http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1718024.htm</ref> In 1965 he graduated from Yale, with a Bachelor of Arts degree,<ref name="NED"/><ref name="CWA"/> and upon graduation was inducted into the honorary society [[Phi Beta Kappa]].<ref name="Reed"/><ref name="CWA">https://web.archive.org/web/20110429014546/http://www.colorado.edu/cwa/archives/prosopogrophies/cwa1971.pdf</ref> From 1965 to 1967, he | + | On July 20, 1943, Carl Gershman was born in [[New York City]]. In 1961, he graduated from [[Horace Mann School]] of [[Riverdale, Bronx|Riverdale]] in [[The Bronx]].<ref name="NED"/><ref name="CWA"/> As an undergraduate at [[Yale University]], he was active in the Yale Civil Rights Council,<ref name="CWA"/> and volunteered in Mississippi and Alabama.<ref name="ABC">http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1718024.htm</ref> In 1965 he graduated from Yale, with a Bachelor of Arts degree,<ref name="NED"/><ref name="CWA"/> and upon graduation was inducted into the honorary society [[Phi Beta Kappa]].<ref name="Reed"/><ref name="CWA">https://web.archive.org/web/20110429014546/http://www.colorado.edu/cwa/archives/prosopogrophies/cwa1971.pdf</ref> From 1965 to 1967, he was in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]] with [[Volunteers in Service to America]],<ref name="Reed"/><ref name="CWA"/> which was a domestic version of the [[Peace Corps]].<ref name="nprVISTA">https://web.archive.org/web/20120330182549/http://voicesforservice.org/news/NPR_042109.pdf</ref> In 1968 he graduated with a Master of Education from the [[Harvard Graduate School of Education]].<ref name="NED">https://web.archive.org/web/20080426072715/http://www.ned.org/about/president.html</ref><ref name="CWA"/> |
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
| Line 28: | Line 30: | ||
In 1968, he worked in the research department of [[B'nai B'rith]].<ref name="CWA"/> From 1969 to 1971, he was Research Director at the [[A. Philip Randolph Institute]], where he assisted its director, [[Bayard Rustin]].<ref name="CWA "/> | In 1968, he worked in the research department of [[B'nai B'rith]].<ref name="CWA"/> From 1969 to 1971, he was Research Director at the [[A. Philip Randolph Institute]], where he assisted its director, [[Bayard Rustin]].<ref name="CWA "/> | ||
| − | From 1969 to 1974, Gershman successively | + | From 1969 to 1974, Gershman successively was Director of Research, Co-Chairman, and Executive Director of the Youth Committee for Peace in the Middle East,<ref name="Reed"/> and edited its magazine ''Crossroads''.<ref name="CWA"/> |
In 1972 he served on the Governing Council of the [[American Jewish Committee]].<ref name="CWA"/> | In 1972 he served on the Governing Council of the [[American Jewish Committee]].<ref name="CWA"/> | ||
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===American social democracy: YPSL and SDUSA (1974-1980)=== | ===American social democracy: YPSL and SDUSA (1974-1980)=== | ||
{{FA|Social Democrats, USA}} | {{FA|Social Democrats, USA}} | ||
| − | In a 2006 interview with the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], Gershman said, "I have to confess that, in my early youth, I was a kind of a social democrat of sorts; I'm now really a democrat; I'm non-partisan."<ref name="ABC"/> From 1970–1974, Carl Gershman was a national leader of the [[Young People's Socialist League (1907)|Young People{{'s}} Socialist League]] (YPSL), the youth section of the [[Socialist Party of America]]; he | + | In a 2006 interview with the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], Gershman said, "I have to confess that, in my early youth, I was a kind of a social democrat of sorts; I'm now really a democrat; I'm non-partisan."<ref name="ABC"/> From 1970–1974, Carl Gershman was a national leader of the [[Young People's Socialist League (1907)|Young People{{'s}} Socialist League]] (YPSL), the youth section of the [[Socialist Party of America]]; he was Vice Chairman, Co-Chairman, and then Chairman of YPSL.<ref name="Reed">https://web.archive.org/web/20110807055652/http://cdn.calisphere.org/data/13030/1b/tf167n981b/files/tf167n981b.pdf</ref><ref name="CWA"/><ref name="nytYPSL" >https://web.archive.org/web/20180814212848/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/28/archives/young-socialists-defeat-motion-favoring-recognition-of-cuba.html?sq=Young+socialists&scp=4&st=p</ref> Acting as YPSL's Vice Chairman at its 1972 December Conference, he wrote a thirteen-page, singly spaced, international-affairs document which called for the [[Cuba]]'s [[Politics of Cuba|Castro regime]] to stop [[Foreign relations of Cuba#Americas|funding guerrilla movements]] and also for its "loosening the bonds" of repression; it was approved and an alternative document calling for the [[United States]] to recognize [[Cuba]]'s government was defeated.<ref name="nytYPSL"/> YPSL criticized the "New Politics" led by [[George McGovern]],<ref name="NYT27">https://web.archive.org/web/20180814212925/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/27/archives/young-socialists-open-parley-to-weigh-new-politics-split.html?sq=Young+socialists&scp=7&st=p</ref> which had lost 49 of 50 states to [[Richard Nixon]] in the [[1972 United States presidential election|1972 election]]. |
At the [[Socialist Party USA]] Convention in December 1972, he introduced the international program, which was approved by a two to one vote; the losing alternative, proposed by [[Michael Harrington]], called for an immediate withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, while the majority resolution called for a negotiated peace settlement.<ref name="NYT73">https://web.archive.org/web/20140413150438/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50C15F73F551A7493C3A9178AD85F478785F9</ref> | At the [[Socialist Party USA]] Convention in December 1972, he introduced the international program, which was approved by a two to one vote; the losing alternative, proposed by [[Michael Harrington]], called for an immediate withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, while the majority resolution called for a negotiated peace settlement.<ref name="NYT73">https://web.archive.org/web/20140413150438/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50C15F73F551A7493C3A9178AD85F478785F9</ref> | ||
| Line 42: | Line 44: | ||
https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/31/archives/socialist-party-now-the-social-democrats-usa.html|access-date=February 8, 2010</ref> | https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/31/archives/socialist-party-now-the-social-democrats-usa.html|access-date=February 8, 2010</ref> | ||
| − | Harrington resigned from SDUSA and founded the [[Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee]] (DSOC) in 1973. In 1975, Gershman published a monograph on the foreign policy of the [[American labor movement]].<ref name="NED"/><ref>https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofa0000gers/page/1 1–82</ref> Gershman became a leader of SDUSA. From 1975 to January 1980, Gershman | + | Harrington resigned from SDUSA and founded the [[Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee]] (DSOC) in 1973. In 1975, Gershman published a monograph on the foreign policy of the [[American labor movement]].<ref name="NED"/><ref>https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofa0000gers/page/1 1–82</ref> Gershman became a leader of SDUSA. From 1975 to January 1980, Gershman was the Executive Director of SDUSA. |
===United Nations Committee on Human Rights (1981-1984)=== | ===United Nations Committee on Human Rights (1981-1984)=== | ||
| − | Gershman | + | Gershman was the [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council]] during the first term of the [[Reagan Administration]].<ref name="NED"/><ref name="Nossiter">https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/03/world/new-team-at-un-common-roots-and-philosophies.html</ref> |
===National Endowment for Democracy (1984-present)=== | ===National Endowment for Democracy (1984-present)=== | ||
| + | {{FA|National Endowment for Democracy}} | ||
Carl Gershman has been the President of the [[National Endowment for Democracy]] since 1984. NED was established in 1983 by an act of Congress. The House Foreign Affairs Committee proposed legislation to provide initial funding of $31.3 million for NED. Included in the legislation was $13.8 million for the [[American Center for International Labor Solidarity|Free Trade Union Institute]], an affiliate of the [[AFL-CIO]] (much of which went to support the Polish labor union, [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]]), $2.5 million for an affiliate of the [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]], and $5 million each for two party institutes. The conference report on H.R. 2915 was adopted by the House on November 17, 1983 and the Senate the following day. On November 18, 1983, articles of incorporation were filed in the District of Columbia to establish the National Endowment for Democracy as a [[nonprofit]] organization.<ref name="ned1">https://web.archive.org/web/20080426072447/http://www.ned.org/about/nedhistory.html</ref> | Carl Gershman has been the President of the [[National Endowment for Democracy]] since 1984. NED was established in 1983 by an act of Congress. The House Foreign Affairs Committee proposed legislation to provide initial funding of $31.3 million for NED. Included in the legislation was $13.8 million for the [[American Center for International Labor Solidarity|Free Trade Union Institute]], an affiliate of the [[AFL-CIO]] (much of which went to support the Polish labor union, [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]]), $2.5 million for an affiliate of the [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]], and $5 million each for two party institutes. The conference report on H.R. 2915 was adopted by the House on November 17, 1983 and the Senate the following day. On November 18, 1983, articles of incorporation were filed in the District of Columbia to establish the National Endowment for Democracy as a [[nonprofit]] organization.<ref name="ned1">https://web.archive.org/web/20080426072447/http://www.ned.org/about/nedhistory.html</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 02:35, 12 September 2024
 Carl Gershman      (spook, deep state actor) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||||||||
| Born | July 20, 1943 New York City | |||||||||
| Alma mater | Horace Mann Preparatory School, Yale University, Harvard Graduate School of Education | |||||||||
| Member of | Committee for the Free World, Henry Jackson Society/International Patrons, National Endowment for Democracy/Board, U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation | |||||||||
| Interests | • B'nai B'rith • SDUSA | |||||||||
| Party | Social Democrats USA | |||||||||
President of the National Endowment for Democracy since it was founded in 1984. His entire career has been in and around CIA-connected entities.
| ||||||||||
Carl Gershman has been the President of the National Endowment for Democracy since it was founded in 1984 as a 3rd-party organization to distance the U.S. government from funding political parties and groups and organizing regime-change operations. His entire career has been in and around CIA-connected entities, including the Social Democrats, USA.
- Full article:
National Endowment for Democracy
- Full article:
It would be terrible for democratic groups around the world to be seen as subsidized by the CIA. We saw that in the Sixties, and that’s why it has been discontinued.[1]
Contents
Early life
On July 20, 1943, Carl Gershman was born in New York City. In 1961, he graduated from Horace Mann School of Riverdale in The Bronx.[2][3] As an undergraduate at Yale University, he was active in the Yale Civil Rights Council,[3] and volunteered in Mississippi and Alabama.[4] In 1965 he graduated from Yale, with a Bachelor of Arts degree,[2][3] and upon graduation was inducted into the honorary society Phi Beta Kappa.[5][3] From 1965 to 1967, he was in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with Volunteers in Service to America,[5][3] which was a domestic version of the Peace Corps.[6] In 1968 he graduated with a Master of Education from the Harvard Graduate School of Education.[2][3]
Career
Early years
In 1968, he worked in the research department of B'nai B'rith.[3] From 1969 to 1971, he was Research Director at the A. Philip Randolph Institute, where he assisted its director, Bayard Rustin.[3]
From 1969 to 1974, Gershman successively was Director of Research, Co-Chairman, and Executive Director of the Youth Committee for Peace in the Middle East,[5] and edited its magazine Crossroads.[3]
In 1972 he served on the Governing Council of the American Jewish Committee.[3]
Gershman served on the Editorial Board of Dissent Magazine.[3]
American social democracy: YPSL and SDUSA (1974-1980)
- Full articles: Social Democrats, USA
- Full articles: Social Democrats, USA
In a 2006 interview with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Gershman said, "I have to confess that, in my early youth, I was a kind of a social democrat of sorts; I'm now really a democrat; I'm non-partisan."[4] From 1970–1974, Carl Gershman was a national leader of the Young People 's Socialist League (YPSL), the youth section of the Socialist Party of America; he was Vice Chairman, Co-Chairman, and then Chairman of YPSL.[5][3][7] Acting as YPSL's Vice Chairman at its 1972 December Conference, he wrote a thirteen-page, singly spaced, international-affairs document which called for the Cuba's Castro regime to stop funding guerrilla movements and also for its "loosening the bonds" of repression; it was approved and an alternative document calling for the United States to recognize Cuba's government was defeated.[7] YPSL criticized the "New Politics" led by George McGovern,[8] which had lost 49 of 50 states to Richard Nixon in the 1972 election.
At the Socialist Party USA Convention in December 1972, he introduced the international program, which was approved by a two to one vote; the losing alternative, proposed by Michael Harrington, called for an immediate withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, while the majority resolution called for a negotiated peace settlement.[9] At this convention, the Socialist Party changed its name to Social Democrats, USA (SDUSA) by a vote of 73 to 34.[10]
Harrington resigned from SDUSA and founded the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC) in 1973. In 1975, Gershman published a monograph on the foreign policy of the American labor movement.[2][11] Gershman became a leader of SDUSA. From 1975 to January 1980, Gershman was the Executive Director of SDUSA.
United Nations Committee on Human Rights (1981-1984)
Gershman was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council during the first term of the Reagan Administration.[2][12]
National Endowment for Democracy (1984-present)
- Full article: National Endowment for Democracy
- Full article:
Carl Gershman has been the President of the National Endowment for Democracy since 1984. NED was established in 1983 by an act of Congress. The House Foreign Affairs Committee proposed legislation to provide initial funding of $31.3 million for NED. Included in the legislation was $13.8 million for the Free Trade Union Institute, an affiliate of the AFL-CIO (much of which went to support the Polish labor union, Solidarity), $2.5 million for an affiliate of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and $5 million each for two party institutes. The conference report on H.R. 2915 was adopted by the House on November 17, 1983 and the Senate the following day. On November 18, 1983, articles of incorporation were filed in the District of Columbia to establish the National Endowment for Democracy as a nonprofit organization.[13]
NED is structured to act as a grant-making foundation, distributing funds to private non-governmental organizations for the stated purpose of "promoting democracy abroad" (or rather, to let the right person take power). Approximately half of NED's funding is allocated annually to four main U.S. organizations: the American Center for International Labor Solidarity (ACILS), the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), and the International Republican Institute (IRI). The other half of NED's funding is awarded annually to hundreds of non-governmental organizations based abroad which apply for support.
References
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/01/world/missionaries-for-democracy-us-aid-for-global-pluralism.html
- ↑ a b c d e https://web.archive.org/web/20080426072715/http://www.ned.org/about/president.html
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l https://web.archive.org/web/20110429014546/http://www.colorado.edu/cwa/archives/prosopogrophies/cwa1971.pdf
- ↑ a b http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1718024.htm
- ↑ a b c d https://web.archive.org/web/20110807055652/http://cdn.calisphere.org/data/13030/1b/tf167n981b/files/tf167n981b.pdf
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120330182549/http://voicesforservice.org/news/NPR_042109.pdf
- ↑ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20180814212848/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/28/archives/young-socialists-defeat-motion-favoring-recognition-of-cuba.html?sq=Young+socialists&scp=4&st=p
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20180814212925/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/27/archives/young-socialists-open-parley-to-weigh-new-politics-split.html?sq=Young+socialists&scp=7&st=p
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140413150438/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50C15F73F551A7493C3A9178AD85F478785F9
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/31/archives/socialist-party-now-the-social-democrats-usa.html%7Caccess-date=February 8, 2010
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofa0000gers/page/1 1–82
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/03/world/new-team-at-un-common-roots-and-philosophies.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080426072447/http://www.ned.org/about/nedhistory.html
