Difference between revisions of "1209"

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== Events ==
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<onlyinclude>
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===By area===
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====Asia====
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* [[Genghis Khan]] conquers [[Western Xia]].
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* The army of the [[Kingdom of Georgia]] raids the Muslim principalities in north [[Iran]].
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====Europe====
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* The [[Albigensian Crusade]] is launched against the [[Cathars]].
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** [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Massacre at Béziers]]: [[Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Monfort]], leader of the Crusade, sacks [[Béziers]], killing many [[Cathars]] and [[Catholics]] alike.
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** [[August]] &ndash; [[Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Monfort]] takes over [[Carcassonne]].
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* [[May]] &ndash; The [[First Parliament of Ravennika]] is held in [[Greece]].
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* [[June]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Sapienza]]: the [[Republic of Venice]] recognizes the possession of the [[Peloponnese]] by the [[Prince of Achaea]], [[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin]], and keeps only the fortresses of [[Methoni, Messenia|Modon]] and [[Koroni|Coron]].
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* [[November]] &ndash; [[John of England]] is excommunicated by [[Pope Innocent III]]. Despite the excommunication, John will continue to make amends to the Church, including giving alms to the poor whenever he defiles a holy day by hunting during it. This year, he feeds a hundred paupers to make up for when he "went into the woods on the feast of St. [[Mary Magdalene|Mary Magdalen]]", and three years from now, he will feast 450 paupers "because the king went to take cranes, and he took nine, for each of which he feasted fifty paupers."<ref>King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 141</ref>
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* [[London Bridge]] is completed.
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* [[Black Monday]], [[Dublin]]: A group of 500 recently arrived settlers from Bristol are massacred by warriors of the Gaelic O'Byrne clan. The group leaves the safety of the walled city of Dublin to celebrate Easter Monday near a wood at Ranelagh, and are attacked without warning. Although in modern times a relatively obscure event in history, it is commemorated by a mustering of the Mayor, Sheriffs and soldiers on the day, as a challenge to the native tribes for centuries afterwards.
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===By topic===
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====Education====
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* [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] is founded.
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====Markets====
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* [[Philippe Auguste]] of [[France]] grants a "conduit" to merchants going to the [[Champagne fairs]], guaranteeing the safety of their travel, as any attempt made against them is now to be considered as a crime of [[lese-majesty]]. The decision increases again the appeal of the fairs, to merchants from Italy and the Low Countries.<ref>Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l'histoire comparative des institutions. Paris: Éditions de la Librairie encyclopedique. 1953.</ref>
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* The banking firm known as the [[Gran Tavola]] is formed; most of the partners are members of the [[Orlando Bonsignori|Bonsignori]] Family. <ref>http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bonsignori_(Dizionario-Biografico)</ref>
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====Religion====
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* The [[Franciscan]] Order is founded.
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</onlyinclude>
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== Births ==
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* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. [[1272]])
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* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Möngke Khan]], 4th [[Khagan]] of the Mongol Empire (d. [[1259]])
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* ''date unknown''
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**[[Haji Bektash Veli]], Khorasanian mystic (d. [[1271]])
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* [[Bettisia Gozzadini]], Italian scholar (d. [[1260]])
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== Deaths ==
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* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]], Persian theologian and philosopher (b. [[1149]])
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* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Elisabeth of Greater Poland, Duchess of Bohemia]]  (b. [[1152]])
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* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Phillipe de Plessis]], Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b. [[1165]])
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* ''date unknown'' &ndash;
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**[[Nizami Ganjavi]], Persian mystic poet
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**[[Walter Map]], Welsh historian (b. c [[1137]])<ref>Ashley, Leonard (2013). The Complete Book of Vampires. Souvenir Press. p. 71.</ref>
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 07:34, 14 February 2021

1199 < 1200 < 1201 < 1202 < 1203 < 1204 < 1205 <1206 < 1207 < 1208 < 1209 > 1210 > 1211 > 1212 > 1213 > 1214 > 1215 > 1216 > 1217 > 1218 > 1219
Decade.png ( 1200s: )    Year.png 1209 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png

Events

By area

Asia

Europe

By topic

Education

Markets

  • Philippe Auguste of France grants a "conduit" to merchants going to the Champagne fairs, guaranteeing the safety of their travel, as any attempt made against them is now to be considered as a crime of lese-majesty. The decision increases again the appeal of the fairs, to merchants from Italy and the Low Countries.[2]
  • The banking firm known as the Gran Tavola is formed; most of the partners are members of the Bonsignori Family. [3]

Religion


Births

Deaths


 

A New Group

GroupImageTypeDescription
Cambridge UniversityCambridge University logo.svgPublic research universityBritish university with lots of ties to the UK and supranational deep states.
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References

  1. ↑ King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 141
  2. ↑ Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin pour l'histoire comparative des institutions. Paris: Éditions de la Librairie encyclopedique. 1953.
  3. ↑ http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bonsignori_(Dizionario-Biografico)
  4. ↑ Ashley, Leonard (2013). The Complete Book of Vampires. Souvenir Press. p. 71.
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