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|constitutes=Media manipulation, Corporate media/Media logic | |constitutes=Media manipulation, Corporate media/Media logic | ||
| − | }} | + | }}''See also [[Yellow journalism]].'' |
| − | + | '''Outrage Porn''' (also called '''outrage style''', '''outrage media''' and '''outrage journalism''')<ref name=notenemiesbook>Austin, Michael (2019). W[https://web.archive.org/web/20200125045656/https://books.google.com/books?id=HMCIDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false We Must Not Be Enemies: Restoring America's Civic Tradition.] Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 65–66.;</ref> is any type of media or [[narrative]] that is designed to use [[outrage (emotion)|outrage]] to provoke strong emotional reactions for the purpose of expanding audiences, whether traditional television, radio, or print media, or in [[social media]] with increased web traffic and online attention. The term ''outrage porn'' was coined in 2009 by political [[cartoonist]] and [[essay|essayist]] [[Tim Kreider]] of ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name="COINED1">https://web.archive.org/web/20190731152612/https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/14/isnt-it-outrageous/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190816233745/https://relevantmagazine.com/culture/internet-outrage-public-shaming-and-modern-day-pharisees/</ref><ref name="examiner">https://web.archive.org/web/20190702012745/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/specialreports/have-we-become-addicted-to-pseudo-outrage-in-an-image-obsessed-world-872217.html</ref><ref name="befriend"/> | |
| − | |||
| − | '''Outrage Porn''' (also called '''outrage style | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The use of the term was first attributed to Tim Kreider in a ''[[New York Times]]'' article in July 2009,<ref name="befriend"/><ref name=notenemiesbook/> where Kreider said: "It sometimes seems as if most of the news consists of outrage porn, selected specifically to pander to our impulses to judge and punish and get us all riled up with [[righteous indignation]]".<ref name="COINED1"/> Kreider made a distinction between authentic outrage and outrage porn by stating, "I'm not saying that all outrage is inherently irrational, that we should all just calm down, that It's All Good. All is not good...Outrage is healthy to the extent that it causes us to act against injustice".<ref name="COINED1" /> Kreider is also noted as saying: "It spares us the impotent pain of empathy, and the harder, messier work of understanding".<ref name="examiner"/> | The use of the term was first attributed to Tim Kreider in a ''[[New York Times]]'' article in July 2009,<ref name="befriend"/><ref name=notenemiesbook/> where Kreider said: "It sometimes seems as if most of the news consists of outrage porn, selected specifically to pander to our impulses to judge and punish and get us all riled up with [[righteous indignation]]".<ref name="COINED1"/> Kreider made a distinction between authentic outrage and outrage porn by stating, "I'm not saying that all outrage is inherently irrational, that we should all just calm down, that It's All Good. All is not good...Outrage is healthy to the extent that it causes us to act against injustice".<ref name="COINED1" /> Kreider is also noted as saying: "It spares us the impotent pain of empathy, and the harder, messier work of understanding".<ref name="examiner"/> | ||
| − | The term has also been frequently used by ''[[New York Observer|Observer]]'' media critic, [[Ryan Holiday]].<ref name="NYO1"> | + | The term has also been frequently used by ''[[New York Observer|Observer]]'' media critic, [[Ryan Holiday]].<ref name="NYO1">https://web.archive.org/web/20190816230745/https://observer.com/2014/02/outrage-porn-how-the-need-for-perpetual-indignation-manufactures-phony-offense/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190717141556/https://theweek.com/articles/449473/why-addicted-online-outrage</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170903091203/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/greg-lukianoff/curing-social-media-of-it_b_7027448.html </ref> In his 2012 book ''[[Trust Me, I'm Lying]]'', Holiday described ''outrage porn'' as a "better term" for a "manufactured online controversy" to describe the fact that "People like getting pissed off almost as much as they like actual porn".<ref> Holiday, Ryan (2012). Trust Me, I'm Lying: Confessions of a Media Manipulator. Portfolio. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-59184-553-9.</ref> |
| − | In general use, outrage porn is a term used to explain media that is created not in order to generate sympathy, but rather to cause anger or outrage among its consumers.<ref> | + | In general use, outrage porn is a term used to explain media that is created not in order to generate sympathy, but rather to cause anger or outrage among its consumers.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190529031010/https://washingtonspectator.org/roberts-miller-aoc/</ref> It is characterized by insincere rage, umbrage and indignation without personal accountability or commitment.<ref name="NYO1" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151002012928/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/magazine/fake-outrage-in-the-kentucky-senate-race.html</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | <ref name="befriend">Sauls, Scott (4 October 2016). Befriend: Create Belonging in an Age of Judgment, Isolation, and Fear. Quote: ''[[New York Times]]'' writer Tim Kreider coined the term ''outrage porn'' to describe what he sees as our insatible search for things to be offended by"</ref> Media outlets are often incentivized to feign outrage because it specifically triggers many of the most lucrative online behaviors, including leaving comments, repeat pageviews and social sharing, which the outlets capitalize on.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150922085858/http://observer.com/2014/10/rage-profiteers-how-blogs-harness-our-anger-for-their-own-gain/ </ref>''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'', ''[[Gawker]]'', and affiliated websites ''[[Valleywag]]'' and ''[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]]'' have been noted for abusing the tactic.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150926084458/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-daum-jezebel-effect-feminism-college-assault-20150601-story.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150816052949/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/07/19/gawker__the_lefts_selective_outrage_127443.html </ref><ref name="NYO1" /> Traditional media outlets, including television news and [[talk radio]] outlets have also been characterised as being engaged in outrage media.<ref name=outindbook>Berry, Jeffrey M.; Sobieraj, Sarah (August 2016). The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility (Studies in Postwar American Political Development). OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-049846-7 page 12-13</ref> | ||
==Research== | ==Research== | ||
| + | In 2014, Jonah Berger, a professor of marketing at the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]] conducted a study on the spreadability of emotions via social media and concluded that "Anger is a high-arousal emotion, which drives people to take action...It makes you feel fired up, which makes you more likely to pass things on".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150907004633/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-emotion-goes-viral-fastest-180950182/</ref> Additionally, online audiences may be susceptible to outrage porn in part because of their feeling of powerlessness to managers, politicians, creditors, and celebrities.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151208120232/http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/03/rooney_mara_pan_tiger_lily_outrage_native_americans.html</ref> | ||
| − | + | In 2014, [[Tufts University]] professors Jeffrey Berry and Sarah Sobieraj in their book ''The Outrage Industry'' characterised outrage media as being a genre as well as a discursive style of media, which attempts to provoke emotional responses (e.g., anger, fear, moral indignation) through the use of overgeneralisation, sensationalism, and misleading or false information [[ad hominem]] attacks, and belittling ridicule of opponents.<ref name=notenemiesbook/><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190523164633/https://cpsa-acsp.ca/documents/conference/2017/Stedman.pdf</ref> They also characterised it as being personality-centered, focusing on a particular media professional, and as being reactive, responding to already-reported news rather than breaking stories of its own.<ref name=outindbook />In their 2009 study of political media in the United States, they found outrage journalism to be widespread, with 90 percent of all content analyzed including at least one example of it; and that "the aggregate audience for outrage media is immense".<ref name=notenemiesbook/> | |
| − | |||
| − | In 2014, [[Tufts University]] professors Jeffrey Berry and Sarah Sobieraj in their book ''The Outrage Industry'' characterised outrage media as being a genre as well as a discursive style of media, which attempts to provoke emotional responses (e.g., anger, fear, moral indignation) through the use of overgeneralisation, sensationalism, and misleading or false information [[ad hominem]] attacks, and belittling ridicule of opponents. | ||
===Brain chemistry=== | ===Brain chemistry=== | ||
Tobin Smith, a 14 year veteran commentator at Fox News explains the production tactics used and physiological basis for why the outrage narrative is so effective at building and retaining substantial audiences. Typically during an opinion show, the first step is that the viewer will see a "Fox News Alert" or teaser "[[cold open]] sequence portraying some tribal heresy or threat from an [[In-group and out-group|out-group]]. The tactic of using the Alert or cold-open serves to blur what is news versus what is opinion/ commentary. In the viewer's mind, the [[amygdala]] assesses danger and prepares the body for a [[Fight-or-flight response|fight or flight]] event and releases a boost of [[adrenaline]], [[cortisol]], and [[epinephrine]].{{notetag| The crucial role of the amygdala in assessing danger and initiating a physiological response is common to mammals as shown by brain imaging- specifically the amygdala lighting up or becoming more active when a mammal is threatened. {{sfn|Davis|1992}} }} In the second step, the Fox producer runs a video of some noted liberal celebrity, politician or commentator "impugning, insulting, or mocking the viewer's right wing tribal belief system." The third stage is that the viewer enters "active tribal mode" and the "risk assessing amygdala silently shouts, 'Say it again and I'll punch you out!'" In the fourth step, "the tribal enemy (aka '''libtard''') stands his/her ground, repeating the pronouncement and tribal heresy with more authority. Tobin Smith's view is that this is set up is similar to that of a WWE choreographed wrestling match, with the right wing host and guests stepping in the ring "rhetorically punching the tribal enemy in the nose for the viewer." In the 6th and 7th stages, the adrenaline rush in response to the threat is replaced with a dose of dopamine (associated with regulating [[motivational salience|strength of motivation]] towards a particular goal).{{notetag| A finding of [[Drew Westen]]'s series of functional [[MRI]] studies, was that when the subject's political views were ultimately vindicated, they "experienced dopamine release at centers associated with addiction of the same magnitude as the dopamine hit experienced by cocaine and heroine addicts."{{sfn|Scott|2017|p=22}}}} Smith's account is that this "sets the viewer into anticipation of another tribal victory." Finally, "with the thrill of victory triggered by the validation of tribal orthodoxy and feelings of continued safety, the viewer's brain now releases the good stuff-[[serotonin]], the opiate like chemical.{{sfn|Smith|2019|p=13}}{{notetag| The role of serotonin in calming us down after a "flight or flight" is well known, and is used by the body to reduce emotions of aggression and anger.{{sfn|Hendricks|2013|p=6}} }} | Tobin Smith, a 14 year veteran commentator at Fox News explains the production tactics used and physiological basis for why the outrage narrative is so effective at building and retaining substantial audiences. Typically during an opinion show, the first step is that the viewer will see a "Fox News Alert" or teaser "[[cold open]] sequence portraying some tribal heresy or threat from an [[In-group and out-group|out-group]]. The tactic of using the Alert or cold-open serves to blur what is news versus what is opinion/ commentary. In the viewer's mind, the [[amygdala]] assesses danger and prepares the body for a [[Fight-or-flight response|fight or flight]] event and releases a boost of [[adrenaline]], [[cortisol]], and [[epinephrine]].{{notetag| The crucial role of the amygdala in assessing danger and initiating a physiological response is common to mammals as shown by brain imaging- specifically the amygdala lighting up or becoming more active when a mammal is threatened. {{sfn|Davis|1992}} }} In the second step, the Fox producer runs a video of some noted liberal celebrity, politician or commentator "impugning, insulting, or mocking the viewer's right wing tribal belief system." The third stage is that the viewer enters "active tribal mode" and the "risk assessing amygdala silently shouts, 'Say it again and I'll punch you out!'" In the fourth step, "the tribal enemy (aka '''libtard''') stands his/her ground, repeating the pronouncement and tribal heresy with more authority. Tobin Smith's view is that this is set up is similar to that of a WWE choreographed wrestling match, with the right wing host and guests stepping in the ring "rhetorically punching the tribal enemy in the nose for the viewer." In the 6th and 7th stages, the adrenaline rush in response to the threat is replaced with a dose of dopamine (associated with regulating [[motivational salience|strength of motivation]] towards a particular goal).{{notetag| A finding of [[Drew Westen]]'s series of functional [[MRI]] studies, was that when the subject's political views were ultimately vindicated, they "experienced dopamine release at centers associated with addiction of the same magnitude as the dopamine hit experienced by cocaine and heroine addicts."{{sfn|Scott|2017|p=22}}}} Smith's account is that this "sets the viewer into anticipation of another tribal victory." Finally, "with the thrill of victory triggered by the validation of tribal orthodoxy and feelings of continued safety, the viewer's brain now releases the good stuff-[[serotonin]], the opiate like chemical.{{sfn|Smith|2019|p=13}}{{notetag| The role of serotonin in calming us down after a "flight or flight" is well known, and is used by the body to reduce emotions of aggression and anger.{{sfn|Hendricks|2013|p=6}} }} | ||
| + | ==Versions== | ||
| + | Recreational outrage is the public response or reaction to outrage porn. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Notable Examples=== | ||
| + | [[Christine Sacco]]: Firstly widely reported victim of recreational outrage on twitter. She tweeted "hope I dont get AIDS" before getting on a flight to somewhere in Africa, then arrives in Africa 12+ hours later to find that the tweet has lost her job and in general upended her life <ref>https://uproxx.com/viral/what-happened-to-justine-sacco-the-woman-whose-life-was-ruined-by-an-aids-joke-she-made-on-twitter/ What Happened To Justine Sacco, The Woman Whose Life Was Ruined By An AIDS Joke She Made On Twitter?</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211026233230if_/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/news/justine-sacco-deletes-hope-don-t-aids-tweet-052643421.html Justine Sacco Deletes ‘Hope I Don’t Get Aids’ Tweet – and Her Account – After Landing in Africa</ref> <ref>https://www.adweek.com/creativity/justine-sacco-fired-iac-hope-i-dont-get-aids-tweet-154639/ Justine Sacco Fired by IAC for ‘Hope I Don’t Get AIDS’ Tweet</ref> <ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2527330/Blonde-female-PR-executive-tweets-Going-Africa-Hope-I-dont-AIDS-Just-kidding-Im-white-causes-international-outrage-likely-fired.html FIRED! PR exec who sparked outrage with racist tweet sent before 12-hour flight is sacked after landing and hearing the news... but company defend her as 'decent at core'</ref><ref>Fame does not entail notability here because Recreational Outrage as a problem should be gauged by how often and how badly it is effecting regular people. Where famous people are concerned, it is typically [[Cancel culture]], which recreational outrage can be a catalyst of, but only notably in unique situations; like if a mob permanently cancelled a celebrity by beating that celebrity to death (it would have to be a mob though, not a lone wolf). i can't think of any specific examples, but aside from mob justice, the only other notable examples about a celeb would be like if Recreational outrage caused something to happen to a celebrity, but the fact that they are a celebrity played little to no part in whatever happened, or the people who did the thing that happened to the celebrity didn't know the person was a celebrity when they did it. | ||
| + | </ref> | ||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{PageCredit |
| + | |site=Wikipedia | ||
| + | |date=01.01.2024 | ||
| + | |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrage_porn | ||
| + | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:54, 14 January 2024
 Outrage porn  (Media manipulation, Corporate media/Media logic)   | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Using words that are scientifically proven to make someone angry just to get them engage with the news outlet. "Big government want to hire more tax guys to tax us to death! This is the plan, they are gonna get you, be scared, be angry, vote against them and for our oil people, ooohhhh." |
See also Yellow journalism.
Outrage Porn (also called outrage style, outrage media and outrage journalism)[1] is any type of media or narrative that is designed to use outrage to provoke strong emotional reactions for the purpose of expanding audiences, whether traditional television, radio, or print media, or in social media with increased web traffic and online attention. The term outrage porn was coined in 2009 by political cartoonist and essayist Tim Kreider of The New York Times.[2][3][4][5]
Overview
The use of the term was first attributed to Tim Kreider in a New York Times article in July 2009,[5][1] where Kreider said: "It sometimes seems as if most of the news consists of outrage porn, selected specifically to pander to our impulses to judge and punish and get us all riled up with righteous indignation".[2] Kreider made a distinction between authentic outrage and outrage porn by stating, "I'm not saying that all outrage is inherently irrational, that we should all just calm down, that It's All Good. All is not good...Outrage is healthy to the extent that it causes us to act against injustice".[2] Kreider is also noted as saying: "It spares us the impotent pain of empathy, and the harder, messier work of understanding".[4]
The term has also been frequently used by Observer media critic, Ryan Holiday.[6][7][8] In his 2012 book Trust Me, I'm Lying, Holiday described outrage porn as a "better term" for a "manufactured online controversy" to describe the fact that "People like getting pissed off almost as much as they like actual porn".[9]
In general use, outrage porn is a term used to explain media that is created not in order to generate sympathy, but rather to cause anger or outrage among its consumers.[10] It is characterized by insincere rage, umbrage and indignation without personal accountability or commitment.[6][11]
[5] Media outlets are often incentivized to feign outrage because it specifically triggers many of the most lucrative online behaviors, including leaving comments, repeat pageviews and social sharing, which the outlets capitalize on.[12]Salon, Gawker, and affiliated websites Valleywag and Jezebel have been noted for abusing the tactic.[13][14][6] Traditional media outlets, including television news and talk radio outlets have also been characterised as being engaged in outrage media.[15]
Research
In 2014, Jonah Berger, a professor of marketing at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania conducted a study on the spreadability of emotions via social media and concluded that "Anger is a high-arousal emotion, which drives people to take action...It makes you feel fired up, which makes you more likely to pass things on".[16] Additionally, online audiences may be susceptible to outrage porn in part because of their feeling of powerlessness to managers, politicians, creditors, and celebrities.[17]
In 2014, Tufts University professors Jeffrey Berry and Sarah Sobieraj in their book The Outrage Industry characterised outrage media as being a genre as well as a discursive style of media, which attempts to provoke emotional responses (e.g., anger, fear, moral indignation) through the use of overgeneralisation, sensationalism, and misleading or false information ad hominem attacks, and belittling ridicule of opponents.[1][18] They also characterised it as being personality-centered, focusing on a particular media professional, and as being reactive, responding to already-reported news rather than breaking stories of its own.[15]In their 2009 study of political media in the United States, they found outrage journalism to be widespread, with 90 percent of all content analyzed including at least one example of it; and that "the aggregate audience for outrage media is immense".[1]
Brain chemistry
Tobin Smith, a 14 year veteran commentator at Fox News explains the production tactics used and physiological basis for why the outrage narrative is so effective at building and retaining substantial audiences. Typically during an opinion show, the first step is that the viewer will see a "Fox News Alert" or teaser "cold open sequence portraying some tribal heresy or threat from an out-group. The tactic of using the Alert or cold-open serves to blur what is news versus what is opinion/ commentary. In the viewer's mind, the amygdala assesses danger and prepares the body for a fight or flight event and releases a boost of adrenaline, cortisol, and epinephrine.Template:Notetag In the second step, the Fox producer runs a video of some noted liberal celebrity, politician or commentator "impugning, insulting, or mocking the viewer's right wing tribal belief system." The third stage is that the viewer enters "active tribal mode" and the "risk assessing amygdala silently shouts, 'Say it again and I'll punch you out!'" In the fourth step, "the tribal enemy (aka libtard) stands his/her ground, repeating the pronouncement and tribal heresy with more authority. Tobin Smith's view is that this is set up is similar to that of a WWE choreographed wrestling match, with the right wing host and guests stepping in the ring "rhetorically punching the tribal enemy in the nose for the viewer." In the 6th and 7th stages, the adrenaline rush in response to the threat is replaced with a dose of dopamine (associated with regulating strength of motivation towards a particular goal).Template:Notetag Smith's account is that this "sets the viewer into anticipation of another tribal victory." Finally, "with the thrill of victory triggered by the validation of tribal orthodoxy and feelings of continued safety, the viewer's brain now releases the good stuff-serotonin, the opiate like chemical.[19]Template:Notetag
Versions
Recreational outrage is the public response or reaction to outrage porn.
Notable Examples
Christine Sacco: Firstly widely reported victim of recreational outrage on twitter. She tweeted "hope I dont get AIDS" before getting on a flight to somewhere in Africa, then arrives in Africa 12+ hours later to find that the tweet has lost her job and in general upended her life [20] [21] [22] [23][24]
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References
- ↑ a b c d Austin, Michael (2019). WWe Must Not Be Enemies: Restoring America's Civic Tradition. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 65–66.;
- ↑ a b c https://web.archive.org/web/20190731152612/https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/14/isnt-it-outrageous/
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190816233745/https://relevantmagazine.com/culture/internet-outrage-public-shaming-and-modern-day-pharisees/
- ↑ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20190702012745/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/specialreports/have-we-become-addicted-to-pseudo-outrage-in-an-image-obsessed-world-872217.html
- ↑ a b c Sauls, Scott (4 October 2016). Befriend: Create Belonging in an Age of Judgment, Isolation, and Fear. Quote: New York Times writer Tim Kreider coined the term outrage porn to describe what he sees as our insatible search for things to be offended by"
- ↑ a b c https://web.archive.org/web/20190816230745/https://observer.com/2014/02/outrage-porn-how-the-need-for-perpetual-indignation-manufactures-phony-offense/
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190717141556/https://theweek.com/articles/449473/why-addicted-online-outrage
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170903091203/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/greg-lukianoff/curing-social-media-of-it_b_7027448.html
- ↑ Holiday, Ryan (2012). Trust Me, I'm Lying: Confessions of a Media Manipulator. Portfolio. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-59184-553-9.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190529031010/https://washingtonspectator.org/roberts-miller-aoc/
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20151002012928/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/magazine/fake-outrage-in-the-kentucky-senate-race.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150922085858/http://observer.com/2014/10/rage-profiteers-how-blogs-harness-our-anger-for-their-own-gain/
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150926084458/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-daum-jezebel-effect-feminism-college-assault-20150601-story.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150816052949/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/07/19/gawker__the_lefts_selective_outrage_127443.html
- ↑ a b Berry, Jeffrey M.; Sobieraj, Sarah (August 2016). The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility (Studies in Postwar American Political Development). OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-049846-7 page 12-13
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150907004633/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-emotion-goes-viral-fastest-180950182/
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20151208120232/http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/03/rooney_mara_pan_tiger_lily_outrage_native_americans.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190523164633/https://cpsa-acsp.ca/documents/conference/2017/Stedman.pdf
- ↑ Smith 2019, p. 13.
- ↑ https://uproxx.com/viral/what-happened-to-justine-sacco-the-woman-whose-life-was-ruined-by-an-aids-joke-she-made-on-twitter/ What Happened To Justine Sacco, The Woman Whose Life Was Ruined By An AIDS Joke She Made On Twitter?
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20211026233230if_/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/news/justine-sacco-deletes-hope-don-t-aids-tweet-052643421.html Justine Sacco Deletes ‘Hope I Don’t Get Aids’ Tweet – and Her Account – After Landing in Africa
- ↑ https://www.adweek.com/creativity/justine-sacco-fired-iac-hope-i-dont-get-aids-tweet-154639/ Justine Sacco Fired by IAC for ‘Hope I Don’t Get AIDS’ Tweet
- ↑ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2527330/Blonde-female-PR-executive-tweets-Going-Africa-Hope-I-dont-AIDS-Just-kidding-Im-white-causes-international-outrage-likely-fired.html FIRED! PR exec who sparked outrage with racist tweet sent before 12-hour flight is sacked after landing and hearing the news... but company defend her as 'decent at core'
- ↑ Fame does not entail notability here because Recreational Outrage as a problem should be gauged by how often and how badly it is effecting regular people. Where famous people are concerned, it is typically Cancel culture, which recreational outrage can be a catalyst of, but only notably in unique situations; like if a mob permanently cancelled a celebrity by beating that celebrity to death (it would have to be a mob though, not a lone wolf). i can't think of any specific examples, but aside from mob justice, the only other notable examples about a celeb would be like if Recreational outrage caused something to happen to a celebrity, but the fact that they are a celebrity played little to no part in whatever happened, or the people who did the thing that happened to the celebrity didn't know the person was a celebrity when they did it.
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