Difference between revisions of "Cheonan sinking"

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{{Priority}}
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{{Event
{{Current Events}}
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|start=26 March 2010
<br />
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|end=26 March 2010
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|ON_perpetrators=North Korea
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|constitutes=false flag attack, shipwrecking
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|victim_of=cover-up
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|location=Korea
 +
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking
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|description=The sinking of the South Korean Corvette 'Cheonan' on 26 March 2010 with the loss of 46 South Korean sailors, quickly blamed on North Korea by the US and its allies.
 +
|image=Cheonan.jpg
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|image_caption=Pohang Class corvettes of the ROKN
 +
}}
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26 March 2010,during the annual [[Key Resolve/Foal Eagle]] war exercise, the South Korean naval ship '''Cheonan''' sunk after an explosion, killing 46 seamen, in an incident that was quickly presented by {{ccm}} and an international' investigative committee report as a torpedo attack by a North Korean [[submarine|midget submarine]]. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100522235650/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00100&num=6392</ref><ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article7131533.ece|</ref> North Korea denied that it was responsible for the sinking.<ref>https://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2010/100615_Cheonan.doc.htm</ref>  
  
[[File:Cheonan.jpg|thumb|300px|Pohang Class corvettes of the ROKN]]
+
From the start, there were doubts concerning the SK official story, from various sources. This include a separate investigation conducted by scientists at the [[University of Manitoba]] yielded results that conflict with the official investigation's findings<ref>http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/427801.html</ref>. A report published online by [[Nature]] on 8 July 2010 noted several instances of groups or individuals disagreeing with the official report<ref>http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100708/full/news.2010.343.html</ref>. And an investigation by the [[Russian Navy]] also did not concur with the report.<ref>http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/432230.html</ref> North Korea's further offer to aid an open investigation was disregarded.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/19/korean-conflict-time-nuanced-view </ref>.
'''This article concerns the sinking of the South Korean Corvette 'Cheonan'''' on 26 March 2010 with the loss of 46 South Korean sailors. The event occurred about 1 nautical mile off the South West Coast of Baengnyeong Island in the Yellow Sea and close to the maritime border with North Korea {{Maplink|37.929167,124.600556}}. The island is dominated by a joint U.S.-Korean base for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations. The sea channel between Byeongnyeong and the North Korean coast is narrow enough for both sides to be in artillery range of each other.
+
 
 +
 
 +
As a result, the South Korean government declared they would prosecute people spreading "false reports", on national security grounds.
 +
 
 +
==Sinking of ''Cheonan''==
 +
The ship sank about 1 nautical mile off the South West Coast of Baengnyeong Island in the [[Yellow Sea]] and close to the disputed maritime border with [[North Korea]] {{Maplink|37.929167,124.600556}}, ki. The island is dominated by a joint U.S.-Korean base for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations. The sea channel between Byeongnyeong and the North Korean coast is narrow enough for both sides to be in artillery range of each other.
  
 
[[File:Baengnyeong.png|thumb|300px|Baengnyeong Island shown in red]]
 
[[File:Baengnyeong.png|thumb|300px|Baengnyeong Island shown in red]]
The event took place in the aftermath of the 11-18 March 2010 'Foal Eagle' Exercise, which included anti-submarine maneuvers by a joint U.S.-South Korean squadron of five missile ships. Mystery surrounds the continued presence of U.S. missile cruisers in the locality more than eight days after the ASW exercise ended.
+
On the night of the sinking, the U.S. and South Korean navies were engaged in joint anti-submarine warfare exercises 75 miles (121&nbsp;km) away.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140405012126/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2010/06/05/ap_enterprise_sub_attack_came_near_drill/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100608033218/http://www.military.com/news/article/sub-attack-came-near-drill.html</ref> This was part of the annual ''[[Key Resolve]]/[[Foal Eagle]]'' war exercise, described as "one of the world's largest simulated exercises", involving many U.S. and South Korean warships.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100605032051/http://www.marines.mil/unit/mcasiwakuni/Pages/2010/03/ExercisesKeyResolveFoalEagle2010kickoff.aspx</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100507074839/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/LE05Dg01.html</ref>
  
 +
''Cheonan'' was operating its [[active sonar]] at the time, which did not detect any nearby submarine.<ref>https://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2010/06/05/ap_enterprise_sub_attack_came_near_drill/</ref>
  
==Inquiry by "a panel of International experts"==
+
The ship had a crew of 104 men at the time of sinking, and 58 crewmembers were rescued by 11:13 pm local time. The remaining 46 crew died.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304370304575151463261442990</ref>
  
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton claimed that there is ''"overwhelming evidence in favor of the theory that North Korea sank the South Korean Navy warship"''. She was referring to a brief, 5 page report of an investigation commissioned by the South Korean government which was published on 20 May 2010 <ref>[[File:JCMIG-Cheonan-report.pdf]]</ref>. It's concluding paragraph states:
+
==Official Narrative==
 +
Initial South Koran reports denied any North Korean involvement.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8598267.stm</ref>
 +
 
 +
In early April, an Joint Civilian-Military Investigation Group was held by "a panel of International experts", concluding by May that "the evidence points overwhelmingly to the conclusion that the torpedo was fired by a North Korean submarine.", a position repeated by then U.S. Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]<ref>[[File:JCMIG-Cheonan-report.pdf]]</ref>. It's concluding paragraph states:
 
{{QB
 
{{QB
|Based on all such relevant facts and classified analysis, we have reached the clear conclusion that ROKS "Cheonan" was sunk as the result of an external underwater explosion caused by a torpedo made in North Korea. The evidence points overwhelmingly to the conclusion that the torpedo was fired by a North Korean submarine. There is no other plausible explanation.
+
|Based on all such relevant facts and classified analysis, we have reached the clear conclusion that ROKS "Cheonan" was sunk as the result of an external underwater explosion caused by a torpedo made in North Korea. The evidence points overwhelmingly to the conclusion that the torpedo was fired by a North Korean [[submarine]]. There is no other plausible explanation.
 
}}
 
}}
 
+
The report is described as having been ''"conducted by a team of international experts"'', giving it an air of authority which its language, general format, presentation and speed of completion do not warrant. Here is what Stephen Gowans has to say on the matter:
The report is described as having been ''"conducted by a team of international experts"'', giving it an air of authority which its language, general format, presentation and speed of completion do not warrant. Here is What Stephen Gowans has to say on the matter:
 
 
{{QB
 
{{QB
 
|It is true that the Cheonan inquiry was made up of representatives of various countries that are hostile to north Korea. It was, then, “international,” in a very limited, and deceptive, sense. It wasn’t a board of inquiry comprised of members of the non-aligned movement, or drawn randomly from the UN general assembly, for example — boards that, had they been assembled, would have had a legitimate claim to being labeled ‘international’ in a sense that bears substantive, rather than deceptive, meaning. Labeling the inquiry ‘international’ is an attempt to deceive by using ‘international’ to mean ‘unbiased’ when the inquiry clearly wasn’t unbiased toward south Korea’s agenda. A board of inquiry assembled by the Soviet Union, comprising representatives of East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Cuba, would have been international, too. But it would hardly be expected that the board would have arrived at a conclusion at odds with Soviet interests. Likewise, the idea that a board of inquiry comprising representatives of countries that are south Korean allies, and which share an antagonism toward the DPRK, should render findings at odds with south Korea’s agenda, is absurd in the extreme. <ref>[http://gowans.wordpress.com/2010/05/20/the-sinking-of-the-cheonan-another-gulf-of-tonkin-incident/#comments Stephen Gowans - The sinking of the Cheonan: Another Gulf of Tonkin Incident - comments section - 22 May 2010]</ref>
 
|It is true that the Cheonan inquiry was made up of representatives of various countries that are hostile to north Korea. It was, then, “international,” in a very limited, and deceptive, sense. It wasn’t a board of inquiry comprised of members of the non-aligned movement, or drawn randomly from the UN general assembly, for example — boards that, had they been assembled, would have had a legitimate claim to being labeled ‘international’ in a sense that bears substantive, rather than deceptive, meaning. Labeling the inquiry ‘international’ is an attempt to deceive by using ‘international’ to mean ‘unbiased’ when the inquiry clearly wasn’t unbiased toward south Korea’s agenda. A board of inquiry assembled by the Soviet Union, comprising representatives of East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Cuba, would have been international, too. But it would hardly be expected that the board would have arrived at a conclusion at odds with Soviet interests. Likewise, the idea that a board of inquiry comprising representatives of countries that are south Korean allies, and which share an antagonism toward the DPRK, should render findings at odds with south Korea’s agenda, is absurd in the extreme. <ref>[http://gowans.wordpress.com/2010/05/20/the-sinking-of-the-cheonan-another-gulf-of-tonkin-incident/#comments Stephen Gowans - The sinking of the Cheonan: Another Gulf of Tonkin Incident - comments section - 22 May 2010]</ref>
 
}}
 
}}
  
 +
==Western Media coverage==
 +
Development of the story of the sinking in the Western {{ccm}} has followed the usual pattern of reporting on matters involving countries seen as enemies. Such countries are routinely demonized as 'rogue states' part of an 'axis of evil' and generally ridiculed as beyond the pale of Western civilized values. Their version of events is at best reported briefly; at worst simply ridiculed. The Western interpretation is repeated ad nauseam and pariah status is thus reinforced. So it is with the sinking of the Cheonan; and yet there is solid evidence, quite apart from rigorous intuition, pointing to either a deliberate false-flag operation or a 'friendly fire' event blamed on North Korea for patently obvious geo-political reasons.
  
==North Korean categorical denial of involvement==
+
As ever, the question ''Cui bono?'' reveals facts and motivations which the official narrative does its best to minimize or conceal.
The North Korean Government have issued repeated categorical denials of any involvement in the sinking and threatened dire consequences if any punitive action is taken against North Korea as a consequence of their alleged involvement.
 
  
 +
====Suppressing internal dissent====
 +
Discourse over the events leading to the sinking of ''Cheonan'' was tightly controlled by the South Korean government in the months after the incident. On 8 May 2010, a former [[Senior Presidential Secretary|senior presidential secretary]] who served under Roh Moo-hyun, Park Seon-won, was charged with [[libel]] by South Korea's Defense Minister, Kim Tae-young, over comments he made on radio asking for greater disclosure from the military and government. Park Seon-won's response to the charge was: "I asked for the disclosure of information for a transparent and impartial investigation into the cause of the ''Cheonan'' sinking;" he added that "the libel suit seeks to silence public suspicion over the incident."<ref>http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=040000&biid=2010050896608</ref>
  
==Western MSM coverage==
+
South Korea's Minister of Public Administration and Security, Maeng Hyung-kyu, announced on 20 May 2010 that the government was stepping up efforts to prosecute people who spread "groundless rumors" over the internet: "Anyone who makes false reports or articles about the incident could seriously damage national security. We will not let these be the basis of any risks the nation faces." Moreover, he announced the government would step up efforts to prevent "illegal gatherings" regarding the sinking of ''Cheonan''.<ref>http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/05/117_66222.html</ref>
Development of the story of the sinking in the Western MSM has followed the usual pattern of reporting on matters involving countries that decline subservience to the Western world view. Such countries are routinely demonized as 'rogue states' part of an 'axis of evil' and generally ridiculed as beyond the pale of Western civilized values. Their version of events is at best reported briefly; at worst simply ridiculed. The Western interpretation is repeated ad nauseam and pariah status is thus reinforced. So it is with the sinking of the Cheonan; and yet there is solid evidence, quite apart from rigorous intuition, pointing to either a deliberate false-flag operation or a 'friendly fire' event blamed on North Korea for patently obvious geo-political reasons.
 
  
As ever, the question ''Qui bono?'' reveals facts and motivations which the official narrative does its best to minimise or conceal.
+
A South Korean military oversight board, the Board of Inspection and Audit, has accused senior South Korean naval leaders of lying and hiding information. Said the board, "Military officers deliberately left out or distorted key information in their report to senior officials and the public because they wanted to avoid being held to account for being unprepared."<ref>https://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/23/world/la-fg-korea-torpedo-20100724</ref>
  
 +
==More Doubts==
 +
Even the Western narrative soon showed doubts (as reflected in the Wikipedia article). [[Voice of America]] reported on 9 July 2010 that several US professors had raised doubts about the incident <ref>[http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/US-Professors-Raise-Doubts-About-Report-on-South-Korean-Ship-Sinking--98098809.html?refresh=1 US Professors Raise Doubts About Report on South Korean Ship Sinking] </ref>
  
==9 July 2010 update==
+
In May 2010, [[Global Research]] reported that a US nuclear submarine had sunk in the same are around the same time as the Cheonan, pointing to the possibility of friendly fire between the two vessels:
Reported in Voice of America News on 9 July 2010 - US Professors Raise Doubts About Report on South Korean Ship Sinking  <ref>[http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/US-Professors-Raise-Doubts-About-Report-on-South-Korean-Ship-Sinking--98098809.html?refresh=1 US Professors Raise Doubts About Report on South Korean Ship Sinking] </ref>
+
{{SMWQ
 +
|subjects=Cheonan,South Korea,
 +
|text=But around the time of this incident another sinking occurred that has hardly been reported in Japan. Near the site of the sinking of the Cheonan, a colossal object, which appears to be a US submarine, was found to have sunk. An ROK underwater team searched for, and on April 7 South Korea’s KBS TV showed, a US helicopter carrying what seems to be the body of a US soldier. KBS is a public broadcasting station with the highest credibility in South Korea."
 +
<br/>
 +
"ROK and US authorities did their best to hide the fact that a US submarine sank at about the same time as the Cheonan.... On the day of the incident, the exercise was underway. After the incident, the US-ROK authorities made no mention of the fact that the joint military exercise was in progress. But the day after the incident, various ROK media and newspapers reported that the Cheonan might have been sunk by friendly fire during the military exercise.
 +
|source_URL=http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=SAK20101127&articleId=22132
 +
|authors=Tanaka Sakai
 +
}}
  
==See Also==
+
{{SMWDocs}}
* [[Document:The sinking of the Cheonan: Another Gulf of Tonkin incident]] - A comprehensive and compelling account of this incident as a [[:Category:False Flag|false flag event]].
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
Line 49: Line 77:
 
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=ELI20100728&articleId=20334 The Sinking of the Cheonan, Reviewing the Evidence. Gregory Elich - Global Research 29 July 2010]
 
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=ELI20100728&articleId=20334 The Sinking of the Cheonan, Reviewing the Evidence. Gregory Elich - Global Research 29 July 2010]
 
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=20100801&articleId=20408 Shock wave and bubble: the untruth about the Cheonan - Hilary Keenan - Global Research 2 August 2010] - 'Proof' that the Cheonan was sunk by North Korea has been thoroughly discredited.
 
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=20100801&articleId=20408 Shock wave and bubble: the untruth about the Cheonan - Hilary Keenan - Global Research 2 August 2010] - 'Proof' that the Cheonan was sunk by North Korea has been thoroughly discredited.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking Wikipedia main article]
+
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=CAP20101127&articleId=22133 Reviewing the Evidence of DPRK Culpability for the Cheonan Warship Incident] Mark E. Caprio. Global Research 27 November 2010
 
+
*[http://www.fpif.org/articles/the_cheonan_incident_skepticism_abounds The Cheonan Incident: Skepticism Abounds] FPIF 15 November 2010
 
 
[[Category:False Flag]]
 
[[Category:Korea]]
 
[[Category:Current Events]]
 

Latest revision as of 17:46, 5 August 2023

Event.png Cheonan sinking (false flag attack,  shipwrecking) Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Cheonan.jpg
Pohang Class corvettes of the ROKN
Date26 March 2010
Blamed onNorth Korea
DescriptionThe sinking of the South Korean Corvette 'Cheonan' on 26 March 2010 with the loss of 46 South Korean sailors, quickly blamed on North Korea by the US and its allies.

26 March 2010,during the annual Key Resolve/Foal Eagle war exercise, the South Korean naval ship Cheonan sunk after an explosion, killing 46 seamen, in an incident that was quickly presented by commercially-controlled media and an international' investigative committee report as a torpedo attack by a North Korean midget submarine. [1][2] North Korea denied that it was responsible for the sinking.[3]

From the start, there were doubts concerning the SK official story, from various sources. This include a separate investigation conducted by scientists at the University of Manitoba yielded results that conflict with the official investigation's findings[4]. A report published online by Nature on 8 July 2010 noted several instances of groups or individuals disagreeing with the official report[5]. And an investigation by the Russian Navy also did not concur with the report.[6] North Korea's further offer to aid an open investigation was disregarded.[7].


As a result, the South Korean government declared they would prosecute people spreading "false reports", on national security grounds.

Sinking of Cheonan

The ship sank about 1 nautical mile off the South West Coast of Baengnyeong Island in the Yellow Sea and close to the disputed maritime border with North Korea Map, ki. The island is dominated by a joint U.S.-Korean base for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations. The sea channel between Byeongnyeong and the North Korean coast is narrow enough for both sides to be in artillery range of each other.

Baengnyeong Island shown in red

On the night of the sinking, the U.S. and South Korean navies were engaged in joint anti-submarine warfare exercises 75 miles (121 km) away.[8][9] This was part of the annual Key Resolve/Foal Eagle war exercise, described as "one of the world's largest simulated exercises", involving many U.S. and South Korean warships.[10][11]

Cheonan was operating its active sonar at the time, which did not detect any nearby submarine.[12]

The ship had a crew of 104 men at the time of sinking, and 58 crewmembers were rescued by 11:13 pm local time. The remaining 46 crew died.[13]

Official Narrative

Initial South Koran reports denied any North Korean involvement.[14]

In early April, an Joint Civilian-Military Investigation Group was held by "a panel of International experts", concluding by May that "the evidence points overwhelmingly to the conclusion that the torpedo was fired by a North Korean submarine.", a position repeated by then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton[15]. It's concluding paragraph states:

Based on all such relevant facts and classified analysis, we have reached the clear conclusion that ROKS "Cheonan" was sunk as the result of an external underwater explosion caused by a torpedo made in North Korea. The evidence points overwhelmingly to the conclusion that the torpedo was fired by a North Korean submarine. There is no other plausible explanation.

The report is described as having been "conducted by a team of international experts", giving it an air of authority which its language, general format, presentation and speed of completion do not warrant. Here is what Stephen Gowans has to say on the matter:

It is true that the Cheonan inquiry was made up of representatives of various countries that are hostile to north Korea. It was, then, “international,” in a very limited, and deceptive, sense. It wasn’t a board of inquiry comprised of members of the non-aligned movement, or drawn randomly from the UN general assembly, for example — boards that, had they been assembled, would have had a legitimate claim to being labeled ‘international’ in a sense that bears substantive, rather than deceptive, meaning. Labeling the inquiry ‘international’ is an attempt to deceive by using ‘international’ to mean ‘unbiased’ when the inquiry clearly wasn’t unbiased toward south Korea’s agenda. A board of inquiry assembled by the Soviet Union, comprising representatives of East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and Cuba, would have been international, too. But it would hardly be expected that the board would have arrived at a conclusion at odds with Soviet interests. Likewise, the idea that a board of inquiry comprising representatives of countries that are south Korean allies, and which share an antagonism toward the DPRK, should render findings at odds with south Korea’s agenda, is absurd in the extreme. [16]

Western Media coverage

Development of the story of the sinking in the Western commercially-controlled media has followed the usual pattern of reporting on matters involving countries seen as enemies. Such countries are routinely demonized as 'rogue states' part of an 'axis of evil' and generally ridiculed as beyond the pale of Western civilized values. Their version of events is at best reported briefly; at worst simply ridiculed. The Western interpretation is repeated ad nauseam and pariah status is thus reinforced. So it is with the sinking of the Cheonan; and yet there is solid evidence, quite apart from rigorous intuition, pointing to either a deliberate false-flag operation or a 'friendly fire' event blamed on North Korea for patently obvious geo-political reasons.

As ever, the question Cui bono? reveals facts and motivations which the official narrative does its best to minimize or conceal.

Suppressing internal dissent

Discourse over the events leading to the sinking of Cheonan was tightly controlled by the South Korean government in the months after the incident. On 8 May 2010, a former senior presidential secretary who served under Roh Moo-hyun, Park Seon-won, was charged with libel by South Korea's Defense Minister, Kim Tae-young, over comments he made on radio asking for greater disclosure from the military and government. Park Seon-won's response to the charge was: "I asked for the disclosure of information for a transparent and impartial investigation into the cause of the Cheonan sinking;" he added that "the libel suit seeks to silence public suspicion over the incident."[17]

South Korea's Minister of Public Administration and Security, Maeng Hyung-kyu, announced on 20 May 2010 that the government was stepping up efforts to prosecute people who spread "groundless rumors" over the internet: "Anyone who makes false reports or articles about the incident could seriously damage national security. We will not let these be the basis of any risks the nation faces." Moreover, he announced the government would step up efforts to prevent "illegal gatherings" regarding the sinking of Cheonan.[18]

A South Korean military oversight board, the Board of Inspection and Audit, has accused senior South Korean naval leaders of lying and hiding information. Said the board, "Military officers deliberately left out or distorted key information in their report to senior officials and the public because they wanted to avoid being held to account for being unprepared."[19]

More Doubts

Even the Western narrative soon showed doubts (as reflected in the Wikipedia article). Voice of America reported on 9 July 2010 that several US professors had raised doubts about the incident [20]

In May 2010, Global Research reported that a US nuclear submarine had sunk in the same are around the same time as the Cheonan, pointing to the possibility of friendly fire between the two vessels:

“But around the time of this incident another sinking occurred that has hardly been reported in Japan. Near the site of the sinking of the Cheonan, a colossal object, which appears to be a US submarine, was found to have sunk. An ROK underwater team searched for, and on April 7 South Korea’s KBS TV showed, a US helicopter carrying what seems to be the body of a US soldier. KBS is a public broadcasting station with the highest credibility in South Korea."


"ROK and US authorities did their best to hide the fact that a US submarine sank at about the same time as the Cheonan.... On the day of the incident, the exercise was underway. After the incident, the US-ROK authorities made no mention of the fact that the joint military exercise was in progress. But the day after the incident, various ROK media and newspapers reported that the Cheonan might have been sunk by friendly fire during the military exercise.”
Tanaka Sakai [21]


 

Related Documents

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:The sinking of the Cheonan: Another Gulf of Tonkin incidentarticle20 May 2010Stephen GowansA parallel between the Cheonan incident and the Gulf of Tonkin.
File:What Really Caused the ROKS Cheonan Warship Sinking?.pdfpaper20 November 2014Hwang Su Kim
Mauro Caresta
Scientific proof that it was not the North Korean military that sank the Cheonan, but a rogue South Korean submarine

 

The Official Culprit

NameDescription
North KoreaOne of the most politically and culturally isolated nations in the world, partly by military-strategic choice, partly caused by fierce economic sanctions.
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References

  1. https://web.archive.org/web/20100522235650/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00100&num=6392
  2. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article7131533.ece%7C
  3. https://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2010/100615_Cheonan.doc.htm
  4. http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/427801.html
  5. http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100708/full/news.2010.343.html
  6. http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/432230.html
  7. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/19/korean-conflict-time-nuanced-view
  8. https://web.archive.org/web/20140405012126/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2010/06/05/ap_enterprise_sub_attack_came_near_drill/
  9. https://web.archive.org/web/20100608033218/http://www.military.com/news/article/sub-attack-came-near-drill.html
  10. https://web.archive.org/web/20100605032051/http://www.marines.mil/unit/mcasiwakuni/Pages/2010/03/ExercisesKeyResolveFoalEagle2010kickoff.aspx
  11. https://web.archive.org/web/20100507074839/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/LE05Dg01.html
  12. https://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2010/06/05/ap_enterprise_sub_attack_came_near_drill/
  13. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304370304575151463261442990
  14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8598267.stm
  15. File:JCMIG-Cheonan-report.pdf
  16. Stephen Gowans - The sinking of the Cheonan: Another Gulf of Tonkin Incident - comments section - 22 May 2010
  17. http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=040000&biid=2010050896608
  18. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/05/117_66222.html
  19. https://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/23/world/la-fg-korea-torpedo-20100724
  20. US Professors Raise Doubts About Report on South Korean Ship Sinking
  21. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=SAK20101127&articleId=22132

External links