Difference between revisions of "1797"

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== Events ==
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* [[January 7]] – The parliament of the [[Cisalpine Republic]] adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as the official flag (this is considered the birth of the [[flag of Italy]]).
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* [[January 26]] – The Treaty of the [[Third Partition of Poland]] is signed in St. Petersburg by the [[Russian Empire]], [[Hapsburg Monarchy|Austria]] and the [[Kingdom of Prussia]].
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* [[February 18]] – [[Invasion of Trinidad (1797)|Invasion of Trinidad]]: Spanish Governor [[José María Chacón]] peacefully surrenders the colony of [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]] to a British naval force, commanded by Sir [[Ralph Abercromby]].
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* [[February 26]] – [[Bank Restriction Act 1797|Bank Restriction Act]] removes the requirement for the [[Bank of England]] (the national bank of Great Britain) to convert banknotes into gold - Restriction period lasts until 1821.
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* [[March 4]] – [[John Adams]] is [[Inauguration of John Adams|sworn in]] as the second [[President of the United States]], with an uneventful transition of power from the administration of George Washington.
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* [[March 5]] – Protestant missionaries from the [[London Missionary Society]] land in [[Tahiti]], from the ''[[Duff (1794 ship)|Duff]]'' (celebrated as [[Missionary Day]] in [[French Polynesia]]).
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* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Battle of Parramatta]]: Resistance leader [[Pemulwuy]] led a group of [[Aboriginal Australians|aboriginal]] warriors, estimated to be at least 100, in an attack on a government farm at [[Toongabbie]] in [[Sydney]], Australia.<ref>Grassby, Al; Hill, Marji (1988). Six Australian Battlefields. North Ryde: Angus & Robertson. p. 99.</ref>
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** [[Veronese Easter]]: Citizens of [[Verona]], Italy, began an unsuccessful eight-day rebellion against the French occupying forces.
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* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[War of the First Coalition]]: Napoleon Bonaparte conquers [[Venice]], ending the city and [[Republic of Venice]]'s 1,100 years of independence. The last [[doge of Venice]], [[Ludovico Manin]], steps down. The [[Venetian Ghetto]] is thrown open.
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* [[June 29]] &ndash; Napoleon Bonaparte decrees the birth of the [[Cisalpine Republic]]; he appoints ministers and establishes the [[Constitution of the Cisalpine Republic (1797)|first constitution]].
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* [[July 9]] &ndash; U.S. Senator [[William Blount]] becomes the first federal legislator to be expelled from office, as his fellow Senators vote 25 to 1 to block him from his seat during an investigation against him on charges of criminal conspiracy.
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* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Massacre of Tranent]]: British troops attack protestors against enforced recruitment into the [[Militia (Great Britain)|militia]] at [[Tranent]], [[Scotland]], killing 12.
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* [[September 4]] &ndash; The [[Coup of 18 Fructidor]] is carried out in [[France]] as three of the five members of [[French Directory|The Directory]], France's executive council, arrested royalist members of the [[Council of Five Hundred]], the national legislature, and discard the results of the spring elections.<ref>Vincent, K. Steven (2011). Benjamin Constant and the Birth of French Liberalism. Springer. pp. 81–82.</ref>
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* [[September 5]] &ndash;  France's new government decrees that citizens who left the country without authorization are subject to the death penalty if they return.<ref>Andress, David (2015). The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution. Oxford University Press.</ref>
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* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret]], French finance minister, repudiates two thirds of France's debt.
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* [[October 17]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] ends the [[War of the First Coalition]].
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* [[October 18]] &ndash; The [[XYZ Affair]] inflames tensions between France and the United States when American negotiators [[Charles Cotesworth Pinckney]], [[John Marshall]], and [[Elbridge Gerry]] meet with French government representatives [[Jean-Conrad Hottinguer]], Pierre Bellamy and Lucien Hauteval and are told that a treaty between France and the U.S. will require payment of a bribe to France's Foreign Minister [[Charles Talleyrand]] and a large loan of American cash to France. Pinckney tells people later that his response was "No, no, not a sixpence!"; Hottinguer, Bellamy and Hauteval are referred to, respectively, as "X", "Y" and "Z" in U.S. government reports on the failed negotiations.<ref>Manweller, Mathew (2012). Chronology of the U.S. Presidency. ABC-CLIO. p. 57.</ref>
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* [[November 16]] &ndash; The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as [[Frederick William III of Prussia|Fredrick William III]].
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=== Undated ===
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* The secret [[Lautaro Lodge]] as the ''Logia de los Caballeros Racionales'' ("Lodge of Rational Knights") is founded, perhaps in [[Cádiz]]; membership will include many leaders of the [[Spanish American wars of independence]] such as [[Francisco de Miranda]], [[Bernardo O'Higgins]] and [[José de San Martín]].
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 22:18, 13 March 2021

1787 < 1788 < 1789 < 1790 < 1791 < 1792 < 1793 <1794 < 1795 < 1796 < 1797 > 1798 > 1799 > 1800 > 1801 > 1802 > 1803 > 1804 > 1805 > 1806 > 1807
Decade.png ( 1790s: )    Year.png 1797 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Map of First French Empire and Vassals States.png
France continues to create client states, this year the turn has come to Italy.
year 1799

Events

Undated


 

Event

EventStartEndDescription
French Revolution5 May 17899 November 1799Often cited event in world history that has an even more brutal side to it than is usually discussed.

 

A Death

TitleBornDiedSummaryDescription
Jeffrey Amherst29 January 17173 August 1797Soldier
Mass murderer		British soldier, pioneer in biological warfare.
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References

  1. ↑ Grassby, Al; Hill, Marji (1988). Six Australian Battlefields. North Ryde: Angus & Robertson. p. 99.
  2. ↑ Vincent, K. Steven (2011). Benjamin Constant and the Birth of French Liberalism. Springer. pp. 81–82.
  3. ↑ Andress, David (2015). The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution. Oxford University Press.
  4. ↑ Manweller, Mathew (2012). Chronology of the U.S. Presidency. ABC-CLIO. p. 57.
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