John Berry

John Berry (soldier, businessman)
Member of	American Australian Association
Imprisoned for the Lockerbie bombing but the conviction was quashed.

On 25 May 1983, former marine and businessman John Rodney Francis Berry was sentenced to 8 years in prison after being convicted of terrorism. The case revolved around electronic timers, which John Berry had supplied to a Syrian customer. The prosecution claimed that the devices were specifically designed for terrorist purposes and supplied in the knowledge that they would be used by terrorists. The Crown case relied largely on expert witness Alan Feraday, who told Chelmsford Crown Court:

"As a result of an examination of the timing device I came to the conclusion that it was specifically designed and constructed for a terrorist purpose, that is to say to be attached to an explosive device."

Prosecution

John Berry was the oldest of forensic expert Alan Feraday's high profile cases when the former Royal Marine Commando was prosecuted in 1983. He was charged with an offence under section 4 of the Explosive Substances Act 1883, namely the making of a number of electronic timers in such circumstances as gave rise to a reasonable suspicion that they were not made for a lawful object. At the trial the Crown had alleged that Berry's company was selling electronic timers that were designed and intended for use by terrorists to construct time bombs. Berry claimed they had been supplied to the Syrian government and that they had numerous uses including for airport landing lights. But Judge Greenwood was swayed by the Crown's lone expert witness, Alan Feraday who stated: "I am of the opinion that they have most probably been specifically designed and constructed for terrorist purposes. I am unable to contemplate their use other than in a bombing context."

Conviction quashed then restored

On 26 March 1984 the Court of Appeal (Dunn L.J., Stacker and Jupp JJ.) [1984] 1 W.L.R. 824 allowed John Berry's appeal and quashed the conviction.

On 29 November 1984 the House of Lords (Lord Fraser of Tullybelton, Lord Scarman, Lord Diplock, Lord Roskill and Lord Brandon of Oakbrook) [1985] A.C. 246 ordered that the decision of the Court of Appeal be reversed and Berry's conviction be restored. During the proceedings in the House of Lords John Berry absconded to Spain. On 24 February 1989 Berry was expelled by the Spanish authorities and arrested at London airport.

Second appeal adjourned

On 12 October 1989 the Court of Appeal (Watkins L.J., Tucker and Morland JJ.) adjourned Berry's appeal against sentence, pending an application that the Court could hear an appeal against conviction on grounds of appeal which had been argued but not decided in the Court of Appeal and which remained undecided by the House of Lords.

Second quashing

After a reference by the Secretary of State for the Home Department ^[Whom?], the Court of Appeal finally quashed John Berry's conviction on 28 September 1993. The decision is reported at R v Berry (No.3) [1995] 1 WLR 7. The Court of Appeal heard fresh evidence from four experts, including Major Lewis and Dr Michael Scott, and stated that each of them disagreed with Alan Feraday’s "extremely dogmatic conclusion" about the timers, which they each felt were timers and nothing more, and which could be put to a variety of uses. In particular, whereas the absence of an inbuilt safety device in the timers might exclude their use by Western armies, the same could not be said of armies in the Middle East. Accordingly the verdict could not be considered safe. Their views were summed up by Dr John Wyatt who had served 23 years in the Royal Engineers, spending much of his time in bomb disposal and counter-terrorist operations, and rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He said:

"As far as I am concerned this is only a timer, nothing else."

It was agreed that Mr Feraday’s evidence had effectively been unchallenged at trial, as the only defence expert witness had accepted that he lacked experience in terrorist weaponry. It was Mr Feraday’s testimony that the timers made by Mr Berry could have been designed only for use by terrorists to cause explosions and as such it was critical to the conviction. He excluded non-explosive uses such as surveillance and lighting and suggested that legitimate armies would not use such timers because of the lack of an inbuilt safety device. As Michael Tierney described it in his amazing 2005 Herald article, Alan Feraday’s assertion was that “the absence of safety devices in the timers prevented their use for legitimate purposes.” Mr Berry was sentenced to eight years for arming Arab terrorists, later reduced to six. He served less than four before he was released, Tierney reports, but was left legally guilty in his broken life.

In a recent development, the UK Home Office agreed to pay compensation from the public purse to Berry because he was jailed on the erroneous evidence of Alan Feraday.

Feraday banned

On 28 September 1993, Alan Feraday’s career prospects suddenly appeared to be in tatters when, in overturning John Berry's conviction, England's most senior judge, the Lord Chief Justice Lord Taylor of Gosforth, commented that although Feraday's views were "no doubt honestly held", his evidence had been expressed in terms that were "dogmatic in the extreme" and his conclusions were "uncompromising and incriminating". LCJ Taylor went even further saying that in future Feraday should not be allowed to present himself as an expert in the field of electronics. In 1995, Alan Feraday saw the writing on the wall and, aged 58, took early retirement after 25 years' service at the Forensic Explosives Laboratory when the Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment was subsumed into the less regal-sounding Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA).

In June 2000 Alan Feraday was called by Scottish Lord Advocate Colin Boyd as the main expert witness in the Lockerbie bombing trial which was held under Scots Law at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands where Abdelbaset al-Megrahi was wrongly convicted on 31 January 2001.

 

Related Document

Title	Type	Publication date	Author(s)	Description
Document:The Political Scientists of Lockerbie - Allen Feraday	blog post	26 October 2010	Adam Larson	"Patrick Haseldine’s famously deleted Wikipedia page on Alan Feraday sums up nicely that he 'has appeared as an expert witness at criminal trials leading to convictions in at least four high-profile cases, three of which were subsequently overturned on appeal. The appeal in the fourth case is ongoing'.”

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