Difference between revisions of "Zoonosis"
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| − | A '''zoonosis''' (plural [[zoonoses]], or [[zoonotic diseases]]) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that spread from non-human animals (usually vertebrates) to humans.<ref>[http://www.who.int/topics/zoonoses/en/ "Zoonoses"]''</ref><ref>[http://www.science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/97704.html "A glimpse into Canada's highest containment laboratory for animal health: The National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases"] Zoonoses are infectious diseases which jump from an animal host or reservoir into humans.</ref> | + | A '''zoonosis''' (plural [[zoonoses]], or [[zoonotic diseases]]) is according to the official narrative an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that spread from non-human animals (usually vertebrates) to humans.<ref>[http://www.who.int/topics/zoonoses/en/ "Zoonoses"]''</ref><ref>[http://www.science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/97704.html "A glimpse into Canada's highest containment laboratory for animal health: The National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases"] Zoonoses are infectious diseases which jump from an animal host or reservoir into humans.</ref> |
| + | ==Official narrative== | ||
Major modern diseases such as [[Ebola virus disease]] and [[salmonellosis]] are zoonoses. [[HIV]] was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now mutated to a separate human-only disease. Most strains of [[influenza]] that infect humans are human diseases, although many strains of [[Influenza A virus subtype H5N1|bird flu]] and [[Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1|swine flu]] are zoonoses; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the [[1918 flu pandemic|1918 Spanish flu]] or the [[2009 swine flu]]. Zoonoses can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as [[viruses]], [[bacteria]], [[fungi]] and [[parasites]]; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61% were zoonotic. Most human diseases originated in other animals; however, only diseases that routinely involve non-human to human transmission, such as [[rabies]], are considered direct zoonosis.<ref>Marx PA, Apetrei C, Drucker E "AIDS as a zoonosis? Confusion over the origin of the virus and the origin of the epidemics"</ref> | Major modern diseases such as [[Ebola virus disease]] and [[salmonellosis]] are zoonoses. [[HIV]] was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now mutated to a separate human-only disease. Most strains of [[influenza]] that infect humans are human diseases, although many strains of [[Influenza A virus subtype H5N1|bird flu]] and [[Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1|swine flu]] are zoonoses; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the [[1918 flu pandemic|1918 Spanish flu]] or the [[2009 swine flu]]. Zoonoses can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as [[viruses]], [[bacteria]], [[fungi]] and [[parasites]]; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61% were zoonotic. Most human diseases originated in other animals; however, only diseases that routinely involve non-human to human transmission, such as [[rabies]], are considered direct zoonosis.<ref>Marx PA, Apetrei C, Drucker E "AIDS as a zoonosis? Confusion over the origin of the virus and the origin of the epidemics"</ref> | ||
| − | Zoonoses have different modes of transmission. In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from other animals to humans through media such as air ([[influenza]]) or through bites and saliva ([[rabies]]).<ref>[http://www.theodora.com/medical_dictionary/zonal_zoster.html#zoonosis "Zoonosis"]</ref> In contrast, transmission can also occur via an intermediate species (referred to as a vector), which carry the disease pathogen without getting infected. When humans infect other animals, it is called reverse zoonosis or [[anthroponosis]].<ref>Messenger AM, Barnes AN, Gray GC "Reverse zoonotic disease transmission (zooanthroponosis): a systematic review of seldom-documented human biological threats to animals"</ref> | + | Zoonoses have different modes of transmission. In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from other animals to humans through media such as air ([[influenza]]) or through bites and saliva ([[rabies]]).<ref>[http://www.theodora.com/medical_dictionary/zonal_zoster.html#zoonosis "Zoonosis"]</ref> In contrast, transmission can also occur via an intermediate species (referred to as a vector), which carry the disease pathogen without getting infected. When humans infect other animals, it is called reverse zoonosis or [[anthroponosis]].<ref>Messenger AM, Barnes AN, Gray GC "Reverse zoonotic disease transmission (zooanthroponosis): a systematic review of seldom-documented human biological threats to animals"</ref> |
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| + | ===One Health=== | ||
| + | "At least 10,000 virus species have the ability to infect humans but, at present, the vast majority are circulating silently in wild mammals. However, changes in climate and land use will lead to opportunities for viral sharing among previously geographically isolated species of wildlife".<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04788-w</ref> "Disease surveillance in areas with increased [[climate change]] will be crucial for launching an effective response to novel and emerging zoonoses. Integrated frameworks, such as [[One Health]], are the way forward for building sustainable and resistant [[health systems]] in the face of climate change.<ref>https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00817-9/fulltext</ref> | ||
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| + | ==Covid== | ||
| + | A "wet market zoonotic jump", was one of the narratives used during [[Covid]] in a [[fake binary]], where the other [[official opposition narrative]] was a "[[lab leak]]".<ref>https://oversight.house.gov/release/covid-origins-hearing-wrap-up-facts-science-evidence-point-to-a-wuhan-lab-leak%EF%BF%BC/</ref> | ||
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{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 01:59, 16 November 2024
 Zoonosis    | |
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| Interest of | • Peter Daszak • Wuhan Institute of Virology |
A zoonosis (plural zoonoses, or zoonotic diseases) is according to the official narrative an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that spread from non-human animals (usually vertebrates) to humans.[1][2]
Official narrative
Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses. HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now mutated to a separate human-only disease. Most strains of influenza that infect humans are human diseases, although many strains of bird flu and swine flu are zoonoses; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the 2009 swine flu. Zoonoses can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61% were zoonotic. Most human diseases originated in other animals; however, only diseases that routinely involve non-human to human transmission, such as rabies, are considered direct zoonosis.[3]
Zoonoses have different modes of transmission. In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from other animals to humans through media such as air (influenza) or through bites and saliva (rabies).[4] In contrast, transmission can also occur via an intermediate species (referred to as a vector), which carry the disease pathogen without getting infected. When humans infect other animals, it is called reverse zoonosis or anthroponosis.[5]
One Health
"At least 10,000 virus species have the ability to infect humans but, at present, the vast majority are circulating silently in wild mammals. However, changes in climate and land use will lead to opportunities for viral sharing among previously geographically isolated species of wildlife".[6] "Disease surveillance in areas with increased climate change will be crucial for launching an effective response to novel and emerging zoonoses. Integrated frameworks, such as One Health, are the way forward for building sustainable and resistant health systems in the face of climate change.[7]
Covid
A "wet market zoonotic jump", was one of the narratives used during Covid in a fake binary, where the other official opposition narrative was a "lab leak".[8]
References
- ↑ "Zoonoses"
- ↑ "A glimpse into Canada's highest containment laboratory for animal health: The National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases" Zoonoses are infectious diseases which jump from an animal host or reservoir into humans.
- ↑ Marx PA, Apetrei C, Drucker E "AIDS as a zoonosis? Confusion over the origin of the virus and the origin of the epidemics"
- ↑ "Zoonosis"
- ↑ Messenger AM, Barnes AN, Gray GC "Reverse zoonotic disease transmission (zooanthroponosis): a systematic review of seldom-documented human biological threats to animals"
- ↑ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04788-w
- ↑ https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00817-9/fulltext
- ↑ https://oversight.house.gov/release/covid-origins-hearing-wrap-up-facts-science-evidence-point-to-a-wuhan-lab-leak%EF%BF%BC/
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