Difference between revisions of "Co-Prince of Andorra"

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The '''co-princes of Andorra''' are jointly the heads of state of the Principality of [[Andorra]], a landlocked [[microstate]] lying in the [[Pyrenees]] between [[France]] and [[Spain]]. Founded in 1278 by means of a treaty between the [[bishop of Urgell]] and the [[Count of Foix]], this unique [[diarch]]ical arrangement has persisted through medieval times to the 21st century. Currently, the bishop of Urgell and the [[president of France]] serve as Andorra's co-princes, following the transfer of the count of Foix's claims to the [[Crown of France]] and, thence, to the president of France.
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==Contemporary political role==
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The 1993 Constitution of Andorra carefully defines the exact role and prerogatives of the co-princes of Andorra today. The constitution establishes Andorra as a "parliamentary coprincipality",<ref>http://www.andorramania.com/constit_gb.htm</ref> providing for the president of France and bishop of Urgell to serve together as joint heads of state. The constitution distinguishes between which powers they may exercise on their own (Article 46), and which require the countersignature of the head of the Andorran government, or the approval of the "Síndic General", the Andorran legislature (Article 45).
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Powers the co-princes may exercise on their own include:<ref>Constitution of Andorra, Article 46.</ref>
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*Joint exercise of the "prerogative of grace" (the power to pardon);
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*Each co-prince may appoint one member of the Superior Council of Justice and one member of the Constitutional Tribunal;
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*Establishment of such services as they deem necessary to fulfil their constitutional prerogatives, and appointment of individuals to fulfil these services;
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*Requesting a preliminary judgement about the constitutionality of proposed laws, or of international treaties;
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*Agreeing to the text of any international treaty, prior to submitting it for parliamentary approval;
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*Bringing a case before the Constitutional Tribunal in the event of any conflict over the exercise of their constitutional prerogatives.
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Powers the co-princes may exercise in conjunction with the head of government include:<ref>Constitution of Andorra, Article 45.</ref>
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*Calling for elections or referendums in accordance with constitutional provisions;
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*Appointing the head of government in accordance with constitutional provisions;
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*Dissolve the General Council (the Andorran legislature) prior to the expiration of its current term (but not until at least one year has passed since the prior election);<ref>Constitution of Andorra:45:1:E and 71:1-3.</ref>
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*Accrediting diplomatic representatives from Andorra to foreign states, and receive credentials of foreign representatives to Andorra;
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*Appointing office-holders in accordance with appropriate constitutional provisions;
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*Sanctioning and enacting laws in accordance with constitutional provisions;
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*Granting formal consent to international treaties, once ratified by the General Council.
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Each co-prince is granted an annual allowance by the General Council to dispose of as he or she sees fit.<ref>Constitution of Andorra, 47.</ref>  Each appoints a personal representative in Andorra,<ref>Constitution of Andorra, 48.</ref> and in the case of incapacitation of one of them, the constitution provides for the other prince to govern in his or her absence, with the concurrence of the Andorran head of government or the General Council.<ref>Constitution of Andorra, 45:3.</ref>
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Certain treaties require the participation of the co-princes (or their designated representatives) in their negotiation process as well as their final approval; these are detailed in Articles 66 and 67 of the constitution.
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The co-princes jointly retain the right to propose amendments to the constitution; this same right rests with the General Council.<ref>Constitution of Andorra, 105.</ref>  They have no veto power over legislation passed by the General Council, though they do retain a veto over certain international treaties, as described above.
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{{SMWDocs}}
 
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==References==
 
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
{{Stub}}
 

Latest revision as of 17:32, 29 March 2022


Employment.png Co-Prince of Andorra 
(Prince)
Coat of arms of Andorra.png

Start1278
Jointly the heads of state of the Principality of Andorra

The co-princes of Andorra are jointly the heads of state of the Principality of Andorra, a landlocked microstate lying in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. Founded in 1278 by means of a treaty between the bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix, this unique diarchical arrangement has persisted through medieval times to the 21st century. Currently, the bishop of Urgell and the president of France serve as Andorra's co-princes, following the transfer of the count of Foix's claims to the Crown of France and, thence, to the president of France.

Contemporary political role

The 1993 Constitution of Andorra carefully defines the exact role and prerogatives of the co-princes of Andorra today. The constitution establishes Andorra as a "parliamentary coprincipality",[1] providing for the president of France and bishop of Urgell to serve together as joint heads of state. The constitution distinguishes between which powers they may exercise on their own (Article 46), and which require the countersignature of the head of the Andorran government, or the approval of the "Síndic General", the Andorran legislature (Article 45).

Powers the co-princes may exercise on their own include:[2]

  • Joint exercise of the "prerogative of grace" (the power to pardon);
  • Each co-prince may appoint one member of the Superior Council of Justice and one member of the Constitutional Tribunal;
  • Establishment of such services as they deem necessary to fulfil their constitutional prerogatives, and appointment of individuals to fulfil these services;
  • Requesting a preliminary judgement about the constitutionality of proposed laws, or of international treaties;
  • Agreeing to the text of any international treaty, prior to submitting it for parliamentary approval;
  • Bringing a case before the Constitutional Tribunal in the event of any conflict over the exercise of their constitutional prerogatives.

Powers the co-princes may exercise in conjunction with the head of government include:[3]

  • Calling for elections or referendums in accordance with constitutional provisions;
  • Appointing the head of government in accordance with constitutional provisions;
  • Dissolve the General Council (the Andorran legislature) prior to the expiration of its current term (but not until at least one year has passed since the prior election);[4]
  • Accrediting diplomatic representatives from Andorra to foreign states, and receive credentials of foreign representatives to Andorra;
  • Appointing office-holders in accordance with appropriate constitutional provisions;
  • Sanctioning and enacting laws in accordance with constitutional provisions;
  • Granting formal consent to international treaties, once ratified by the General Council.

Each co-prince is granted an annual allowance by the General Council to dispose of as he or she sees fit.[5] Each appoints a personal representative in Andorra,[6] and in the case of incapacitation of one of them, the constitution provides for the other prince to govern in his or her absence, with the concurrence of the Andorran head of government or the General Council.[7]

Certain treaties require the participation of the co-princes (or their designated representatives) in their negotiation process as well as their final approval; these are detailed in Articles 66 and 67 of the constitution.

The co-princes jointly retain the right to propose amendments to the constitution; this same right rests with the General Council.[8] They have no veto power over legislation passed by the General Council, though they do retain a veto over certain international treaties, as described above.


 

Office Holders on Wikispooks

NameFromToDescription
Emmanuel Macron14 May 2017Serving with Joan Enric Vives Sicília
François Hollande15 May 201214 May 2017Serving with Joan Enric Vives Sicília
Nicolas Sarkozy16 May 200715 May 2012Served with Joan Enric Vives Sicília
Jacques Chirac17 May 199516 May 2007
François Mitterrand21 May 198117 May 1995
Valery Giscard d'Estaing27 May 197421 May 1981
Georges Pompidou20 June 19692 April 1974Died in office of a rare form of cancer
Charles de Gaulle8 January 195928 April 1969
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References

  1. http://www.andorramania.com/constit_gb.htm
  2. Constitution of Andorra, Article 46.
  3. Constitution of Andorra, Article 45.
  4. Constitution of Andorra:45:1:E and 71:1-3.
  5. Constitution of Andorra, 47.
  6. Constitution of Andorra, 48.
  7. Constitution of Andorra, 45:3.
  8. Constitution of Andorra, 105.