Moshe Schnitzer

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Person.png Moshe Schnitzer  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Moshe Schnitzer.jpg
Affectionately known in Israel as "Mr Diamond"

Moshe Schnitzer (1921 – August 16, 2007) was a Romanian Jewish immigrant to Israel who became a key player in the international diamond trade.[1] From 1967 to 1993 he was President of the Israel Diamond Exchange (IDE), which became the world's largest diamond exchange.[2]

Early years

Schnitzer was born in Chernowitz, then in Romania, in 1921 and emigrated to the British Mandate for Palestine in 1934. He began studying history and philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem but, pushed by his father, he left university to work in a diamond polishing plant in 1942. Schnitzer learned sawing and cutting at Pickel's factory in Tel Aviv, where he became a works manager in 1944.

In 1945 he and Shlomo Vinikov founded the Society for the Development of the Diamond Industry in Palestine. He was editor of Hayahalom (The Diamond), the diamond industry's journal. In 1946 Schnitzer and Elhanan Halperin co-authored an instruction book on Diamonds in Hebrew.[3]

Schnitzer also fought in the Irgun, a Zionist paramilitary group that was seeking to establish the state of Israel. The connections he made there with future leaders helped him later in his business life. In 1947 he was one of the founders of the Israel Diamond Exchange. Schnitzer and a partner launched the firm of Schnitzer-Greenstein in 1952.[4]

In 1960 he opened his own firm, M. Schnitzer & Co., with his son Shmuel Schnitzer and son-in-law Shai Schnitzer.

Israel Diamond Exchange President

From 1967 to 1993 Schnitzer was President of the Israel Diamond Exchange (IDE) and during his long tenure the IDE was transformed from an organisation with a relatively marginal position in the international market into the largest and most modern exchange in the world. Annual exports on polished diamonds from Israel grew from $200 million to $3.4 billion.[5]

There were political aspects to his position. Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Golda Meir both used Schnitzer to convey messages to the Soviet Union under the disguise of conducting diamond transactions. Under Indira Gandhi, India had been highly critical of Israel's policy in Palestine, and public hostility persisted after her death in 1984. For this reason, when India applied to join the World Federation of Diamond Bourses in July 1986, Moshe Schnitzer said Israel was against admitting India. However, the next month officials of the Israel Diamond Exchange said the application had not been rejected.[6]

Schnitzer was also the President of the World Federation of Diamond Bourses (WFDB) from 1968 to 1972, and from 1978 to 1982. He was responsible for the establishment in 1982 of the Schnitzer Foundation for Research on the Israeli Economy and Society at Bar-Ilan University, to fund academic research on economic and social topics.[7] Schnitzer arranged to establish the Harry Oppenheimer Diamond Museum in Ramat Gan in 1986 and was the museum's Chairman until July 2003.

Honours and legacy

Moshe Schnitzer was awarded the Israel Prize in 2004, the highest civilian award given by Israel.[8] The award was given for "making a special contribution to the State of Israel and Israeli society". It recognized his pivotal role in making Israel one of the main diamond manufacturing centers in the world.[9] He was also awarded the Order of King Leopold of Belgium for his contribution to the international diamond industry.

He was given an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan University. The plaza adjacent to the diamond exchange in Ramat Gan is called the Moshe Schnitzer Plaza. Schnitzer died in August 2007.[10]

At his funeral, he was eulogised by former Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, former Chief Rabbi Israel Meir Lau and other prominent men.[11]

In May 2008, during the opening ceremony of the World Diamond Congress in Shanghai, he posthumously received the first-ever Diamantaire of the Year award.[12] His son, Shmuel Schnitzer, was also a president of the IDE and the WFDB. His grandson Dan Gertler became prominent in the diamond business in Africa. Gertler is the first in his family to deal in rough diamonds rather than polished stones, which complements Shmuel Schnitzer's ambition for Israel to displace Antwerp, Belgium as the worlds largest diamond centre.[13]

According to WFDB president Ernest Blom, "Moshe Schnitzer was a visionary. After laying the foundation in Israel for what would grow, largely according to his plan, into one of the world’s most important diamond centers, he turned his attention to the WFDB and the international diamond trade. He realized that our strength lay in our ability to complement one another, working together as an international network of colleagues, rather than as competitors. Generations of diamantaires from all over the world considered him a mentor and a leader".[14]

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References

  1. ↑ "Inside Israel's diamond trade: a family affair"
  2. ↑ Rob Bates (October 2007). "Moshe Schnitzer, Diamond Industry Legend, Dies". JCK magazine. Retrieved 2011-11-18.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  3. ↑ David De Vries (2010). Diamonds and War: State, Capital and Labor in British-Ruled Palestine. Berghahn Books. p. 285. ISBN 1-84545-633-5.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  4. ↑ "MOSHE SCHNITZER 1921 – 2007". The Israel Diamond Industry. August 17, 2007. Retrieved 2011-11-18.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  5. ↑ "Mr. Moshe Schnitzer". The Schnitzer Foundation for Research on the Israeli Economy and Society. Retrieved 2011-11-19.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  6. ↑ Jacob Abadi (2004). Israel's quest for recognition and acceptance in Asia: Garrison State diplomacy. Psychology Press. p. 216. ISBN 0-7146-5576-7.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  7. ↑ "About the Foundation". The Schnitzer Foundation for Research on the Israeli Economy and Society. Retrieved 2011-11-19.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  8. ↑ "Moshe Schnitzer passes away". Diamond World. Aug 17, 2007. Retrieved 2011-11-18.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  9. ↑ Rob Bates (June 2004). "Israel Honors Moshe Schnitzer". JCK magazine. Retrieved 2011-11-19.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  10. ↑ "Moshe Schnitzer, Israeli Diamond Industry, 86". JCK magazine. August 17, 2007. Retrieved 2011-11-18.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  11. ↑ "ISRAELI DIAMOND INDUSTRY PAYS TRIBUTE TO MOSHE SCHNITZER". Rappaport. March 17, 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-19.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  12. ↑ "MOSHE SCHNITZER – WFDB'S 1ST DIAMANTAIRE OF THE YEAR". Tacy Ltd. Diamond Industry Consultants. 14 May 2008. Retrieved 2011-11-19.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  13. ↑ Nicole Gaouette (February 21, 2002). "Inside Israel's diamond trade: a family affair". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2011-11-19.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  14. ↑ "Moshe Schnitzer, 1921-2007". Modern Jeweler. September 2007. Retrieved 2011-11-19.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
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