Graphene

Graphene  (industrial material)
Interest of	Johanna Rosén
Graphene – a single layer of carbon atoms – may be the most amazing and versatile substance available to mankind. Graphene oxide might be an undeclared ingredient in Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, and might be the reason for the magnetism observed in many injected people.

Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The material, only developed in 2004, is believed to have immense potential for industrial application.

In June 2021, biostatistician Ricardo Delgado and Dr. José Luis Sevillano claimed that graphene oxide, monomolecular sheets of graphene, is the cause for the magnetism shown in many people injected with the Pfizer and Moderna products.

Graphene

Graphene is world's thinnest material – it is only one atom thick, one million times thinner than a human hair. However, it is very strong, stronger than steel and diamond. This allows many applications in composite materials with outstanding stiffness and durability. Graphene is also very flexible, which makes us dream of applications in wearable devices and foldable electronics. Graphene is a great conductor of electricity and heat.

Graphene was first isolated and characterized in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester. This work resulted in the two winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene." Their publication, and the surprisingly easy preparation method that they described, sparked a "graphene gold rush". Research expanded and split off into many different subfields, exploring different exceptional properties of the material—quantum mechanical, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, magnetic, etc.

Graphene oxide

Screenshot from the Spanish doctors (video with English text stating they have found graphene oxide in the Pfizer injection

Graphene oxide' (GO) is currently developed for biomedical applications as a promising nanoplatform for drug delivery, phototherapy, and biosensing. As a consequence, its possible safety has attracted extensive attention. But "it has also been demonstrated that GO causes an increase of intracellular oxidative stress, likely leading to its cytotoxicity and inhibition of cell proliferation." Health Canada reported finding GO in facemasks.

In June 2021, biostatistician Ricardo Delgado and Dr. José Luis Sevillano, having subjected vaccine samples to an electron microscope analysis, stated that graphene oxide is present in the injections and probable cause for the magnetism shown in many people injected with the Pfizer and Moderna products.

Researchers from the EU's Graphene Flagship project have discovered that graphene oxide inhibits anxiety-related behaviours in a model study. They found that injecting graphene oxide into a specific region of the brain silences the neurons responsible for anxious behaviour.

Laura Ballerini, lead author of the paper and Professor of Physiology at Graphene Flagship partner SISSA, Italy, explained that graphene oxide disables communication between the synapses that cause this type of fear.

“Two days after injecting graphene oxide into a specific region of the mouse’s brain, it behaved like other mice that had never experienced the smell of a cat in their home environment. In other words, graphene oxide inhibited the mouse’s anxiety-related behaviour,” Ballerini explains. She says that two days is roughly the time for memories to form and be consolidated in the mouse’s brain, which corresponds to the time for the symptoms of anxiety to subside.

Graphene oxide interrupts anxiety-related neuron signals without affecting the neurons, or the surrounding cells. In simple terms, it only ‘turns down’ the communications between specific neurons. In a disease where these communications are over-expressed, like PTSD and anxiety, targeting the synapses with graphene oxide is enough to halt the development of this pathological behaviour. This is a type of precision medicine.

According to her, graphene oxide is naturally eliminated after a few days, as the surrounding tissue digests the material. Ballerini says that, after two days, they did not observe any inflammation, and no traces of graphene oxide remained at all.

The Graphene Flagship

The Graphene Flagship is a scientific research initiative funded by the European Commission. With a budget of €1 billion, it represents a new form of joint, coordinated research initiative on an unprecedented scale.

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