Eduardo Galeano

Eduardo Galeano   (author)
Born	3 September 1940
Died	13 April 2015 (Age 74)

Eduardo Hughes Galeano was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist considered, among other things, "global soccer's pre-eminent man of letters" and "a literary giant of the Latin American left".

Galeano's best-known works are Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire Trilogy, 1982). "I'm a writer," the author once said of himself, "obsessed with remembering, with remembering the past of America and above all that of Latin America, intimate land condemned to amnesia."

Author Isabel Allende, who said her copy of Galeano's book was one of the few items with which she fled Chile in 1973 after the military coup of Augusto Pinochet, called Open Veins of Latin America, "a mixture of meticulous detail, political conviction, poetic flair, and good storytelling."

Life

Eduardo Germán María Hughes Galeano was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, on Sept. 3, 1940. His two family names were inherited from Welsh and Italian (from Genoa) great-grandfathers; the other two were from Germany and Spain. Galeano wrote under his maternal family name; as young man, he briefly wrote for a Uruguayan socialist publication, El Sol, signing articles as "Gius," "a pseudonym approximating the pronunciation in Spanish of his paternal surname Hughes." Galeano's family belonged to the fallen Uruguayan aristocracy; Galeano himself went to work at fourteen, having completed just two years of secondary school.

He started his career as a journalist in the early 1960s as editor of Marcha, an influential weekly journal which had such contributors as Mario Vargas Llosa, Mario Benedetti, Manuel Maldonado Denis and Roberto Fernández Retamar. For two years he edited the daily Época and worked as editor-in-chief of the University Press. In 1959 he married his first wife, Silvia Brando, and in 1962, having divorced, he remarried to Graciela Berro.

In 1973, a military coup took power in Uruguay; Galeano was imprisoned and later was forced to flee, going into exile in Argentina where he founded the magazine Crisis. His book Open Veins of Latin America was banned by the right-wing military government, not only in Uruguay, but also in Chile and Argentina. In 1976 he married for the third time to Helena Villagra; however, in the same year, the Videla regime took power in Argentina in a bloody military coup and his name was added to the list of those condemned by the death squads. He fled again, this time to Spain, where he wrote his famous trilogy, Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire), described as "the most powerful literary indictment of colonialism in the Americas."

Galeano in 1984

At the beginning of 1985 Galeano returned to Montevideo when democratization occurred. Following the victory of Tabaré Vázquez and the Broad Front alliance in the 2004 Uruguayan elections marking the first left-wing government in Uruguayan history Galeano wrote a piece for The Progressive titled "Where the People Voted Against Fear" in which Galeano showed support for the new government and concluded that the Uruguayan populace used "common sense" and were "tired of being cheated" by the traditional Colorado and Blanco parties. Following the creation of TeleSUR, a Latin American television station based in Caracas, Venezuela, in 2005 Galeano along with other left-wing intellectuals such as Tariq Ali and Adolfo Pérez Esquivel joined the network's 36 member advisory committee.

On February 10, 2007, Galeano underwent a successful operation to treat lung cancer. During an interview with journalist Amy Goodman following Barack Obama's election as President of the United States in November 2008, Galeano said, "The White House will be Barack Obama's house in the time coming, but this White House was built by black slaves. And I’d like, I hope, that he never, never forgets this". At the 17 April 2009 opening session of the 5th Summit of the Americas held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez gave a Spanish-language copy of Galeano's Open Veins of Latin America to U.S. President Barack Obama, who was making his first diplomatic visit to the region.

In a May 2009 interview he spoke about his past and recent works, some of which deal with the relationships between freedom and slavery, and democracies and dictatorships: "not only the United States, also some European countries, have spread military dictatorships all over the world. And they feel as if they are able to teach democracy". He also talked about how and why he has changed his writing style, and his recent rise in popularity.

In April 2014 Galeano gave an interview at the II Bienal Brasil do Livro e da Leitura in which he regretted some aspects of the writing style in Las Venas Abiertas de América Latina, saying

"Time has passed, I've begun to try other things, to bring myself closer to human reality in general and to political economy specifically. 'The Open Veins' tried to be a political economy book, but I simply didn't have the necessary education. I do not regret writing it, but it is a stage that I have since passed."

This interview was picked up by many critics of Galeano's work in which they used the statement to reinforce their own criticisms. However, in an interview with Jorge Majfud he said,

"The book, written ages ago, is still alive and kicking. I am simply honest enough to admit that at this point in my life the old writing style seems rather stodgy, and that it's hard for me to recognize myself in it since I now prefer to be increasingly brief and untrammeled. [The] voices that have been raised against me and against The Open Veins of Latin America are seriously ill with bad faith."

Works

Year	Spanish title	Spanish ISBN	Spanish Publisher	English translation
1963	Los días siguientes		Alfa	The following days
1964	China
1967	Guatemala, país ocupado			Guatemala: Occupied country (1969)
1967	Reportajes
1967	Los fantasmas del día del león y otros relatos
1968	Su majestad el fútbol
1971	Las venas abiertas de América Latina	950-895-094-3	Siglo XXI	Open Veins of Latin America (1973) ISBN|0-85345-279-2
1971	Siete imágenes de Bolivia
1971	Violencia y enajenación
1972	Crónicas latinoamericanas
1973	Vagamundo	84-7222-307-8
1980	La canción de nosotros	84-350-0124-5
1977	Conversaciones con Raimón	84-7432-034-8
1978	Días y noches de amor y de guerra	84-7222-891-6	Del Chanchito	Days and Nights of Love and War ISBN|0-85345-620-8
1980	La piedra arde
1981	Voces de nuestro tiempo	84-8360-237-7
1982–1986	Memoria del fuego	9974620058	Del Chanchito	author=Eduardo Galeano|title=Genesis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=llpQAwAAQBAJ%7Cdate=29 April 2014|publisher=Open Road Media|isbn=978-1-4804-8138-1 Volume II: Faces and Masks. ISBN|978-0393318067. Volume III: Century of the Wind. ISBN|0393318079.
1984	Aventuras de los jóvenes dioses	9682320941	Siglo XXI
1985	Ventana sobre Sandino
1985	Contraseña
1986	La encrucijada de la biodiversidad colombiana
1986	El descubrimiento de América que todavía no fue y otros escritos	8476681054	Editorial Laia
1988–2002	El tigre azul y otros artículos	9590602118	Ciencias Sociales (Cuba)
1962–1987	Entrevistas y artículos		Ediciones Del Chanchito
1989	El libro de los abrazos	9788432306907	Siglo XXI	0-393-02960-3
1989	Nosotros decimos no	84-323-0675-4	Siglo XXI
1990	América Latina para entenderte mejor
1990	Palabras: antología personal
1992	Ser como ellos y otros artículos	9788432307614	Siglo XXI
1993	Amares	84-206-3419-0	Alianza, España
1993	Las palabras andantes	9974620082	Del Chanchito
1994	Úselo y tírelo	9507428518	Editorial Planeta
1995	El fútbol a sol y sombra	9788432311345	Siglo XXI	1-85984-848-6
1998	Patas arriba: Escuela del mundo al revés	9974620147	Macchi	0-8050-6375-7
1999	Carta al ciudadano 6.000 millones	84-406-9472-5	Ediciones B
2001	Tejidos. Antología	84-8063-500-2	Ediciones Octaedro
2004	Bocas del tiempo	978-950-895-160-1	Catálogos Editora	978-0-8050-7767-4
2006	El viaje	84-96592-55-3
2007	Carta al señor futuro
2008	Patas arriba/ la escuela del mundo al revés	950-895-050-1	Catálogos Editora
2008	Espejos	978-987-1492-00-8	Siglo XXI	1-56858-423-7
2008	La resurrección del Papagayo	978-84-92412-22-8	Libros del Zorro Rojo
2011	Los hijos de los días	978-987-629-200-9	Siglo XXI	978-1568587479
2015	Mujeres - antología	978-84-323-1768-2	Siglo XXI
2016	El cazador de historias	978-987-629-628-1	Siglo XXI	978-1568589909
2017	Cerrado por fútbol		Siglo XXI

Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America), a history of the region from the time of Columbus from the perspective of the subjugated people, is considered one of Galeano's best-known works. An English-language translation by Cedric Belfrage gained some popularity in the English-speaking world after Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez gave it as a gift to U.S. President Barack Obama in 2009.

Galeano was also an avid fan of football, writing most notably about it in Football in Sun and Shadow (El fútbol a sol y sombra). In a retrospective for SB Nation after Galeano's death, football writer Andi Thomas described the work—a history of the sport, as well as an outlet for the author's own experiences with the sport and his political polemics—as "one of the greatest books about football ever written".

Death

Galeano died on 13 April 2015 in Montevideo from lung cancer at the age of 74, survived by third wife Helena Villagra and three children.

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