Denial-of-service attack
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A Denial-of-service (DOS) attack is designed to prevent users from accessing a service (typically a website).
Procedure
Denial-of-service attacks exploit the inescapable limitation that computers can only service a limited number of requests at any one time. By launching a large number of requests for a service, they exceed this capacity and prevent legitimate requests from being served.
Distributed Denial-of-service attack
A Distributed Denial-of-service (DDOS) attack comes from multiple sources simultaneously, making it harder to block. This requires synchronisation of multiple computers in different locations.
Perpetrators
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JTRIG carried out DDOS attacks, according to documents shared by Edward Snowden.[1]
In mid March 2018, Craig Murray's blog was hit by a DDOS attack, although this did not prevent the site's surge in popularity corresponding with his strident criticism of the on about the Skripal affair.