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| − | {{group
| + | #REDIRECT[[Blackwater]] |
| − | |type=private, military, PMC, Private Military Contractors
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| − | |logo=Academi.jpg
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| − | |titular_logo=1
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| − | |wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academi
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| − | |headquarters=McLean, Virginia, U.S.
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| − | |website=http://www.academi.com/
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| − | |start=1997
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| − | |constitutes=PMC
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| − | |founders=Erik Prince, Al Clark
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| − | |slogan=Elite Training. Trusted Protection.
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| − | |description=Formerly known as Blackwater, a huge US-based private military contractor infamous for a string of scandals.
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| − | |sourcewatch=http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Academi
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| − | }}
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| − | '''Academi''' is a private military company founded in 1997 as Blackwater USA and Blackwater Worldwide. After a number of scandals brought a bad reputation, the company was later renamed Xe Services LLC, and then Academi. Another name that is sometimes mentioned is [[Constellis Holdings Inc]], which is the parent company that bought it in 2014. In Iraq it "gained a reputation among Iraqis and even among American military personnel serving in Iraq as a company that flaunts an aggressive, quick-draw image that leads its security personnel to take excessively violent actions to protect the people they are paid to guard", being twice as likely to use a weapon than other main contractors there.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/27/world/middleeast/27contractor.html Blackwater Tops Firms in Iraq in Shooting Rate] New York Times, September 27, 2007 - saved at [https://web.archive.org/web/20121208103553/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/27/world/middleeast/27contractor.html Archive.org] saved at [https://archive.is/xMYF Archive.is]</ref>
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| − | ==Disputed history==
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| − | A user account on [[Wikipedia]] (apparently an employee of the company) requested changes to be made to the '''Academi''' article in 2018 and pointed out, that '''Academi''' is not a continuation of '''Xe''' / '''Blackwater''':
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| − | {{QB|"Academi (ACADEMI), which is a Constellis company, was formed by a group of investors in 2010, who purchased certain assets from Blackwater – at which time Erik Prince ceased all connection with the organization. The tie between Academi and Blackwater is incorrect. Everything on the Academi Wikipedia page –the description, history, services, personnel and role in the Iraq war – describes Blackwater, not Academi. Erik Prince is not the founder. He has no involvement of any kind with Academi. To reiterate, Academi was not founded by Mr. Prince and there is no association between Blackwater and Academi. To have them comingled is wrong."}}
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| − | ==Mercenaries==
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| − | The presence of mercenaries in Iraq first received widespread notice after scenes of the gruesome deaths of four Xe (then Blackwater) hired guns in [[Fallujah]] were televised worldwide. Blackwater was a Moyock, N.C. based "security consulting" firm founded in 1996 by former Navy SEAL [[Erik Prince]]. The company, according to the LA Times, has "the largest private military base in the world, a fleet of 20 aircraft and 20,000 soldiers at the ready"<ref>Jeremy Scahill, [http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-scahill25jan25,0,4485578.story?coll=la-news-comment-opinions Our Mercenaries in Iraq], ''Los Angeles Times'', 25 January 2007.</ref>.
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| − | In 2002, the company won a five year navy contract worth $35.7 million to train ten thousand navy personnel in seizing ships. More recently it won a $21 million contract with the Pentagon in Iraq to provide personal security detail for CPA head [[Paul Bremer]] and other high-level officials, besides its numerous other private ones. The company had reportedly grown 600 percent since the beginning of the war. The firm charges its clients $1,500 to $2,000 a day for each mercenary.
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| − | Academi mostly recruits from the ranks of active-duty American special-forces units some of whom earn salaries that run as high as $1,000 a day. In March 2004, it hired 60 former [[Chile]]an commandos at a monthly salary of $4,000. May South Africans are also on its payroll. Armed with weapons ranging from M4 rifles to 20mm cannon on its helicopters, its men have engaged in active combat - sometimes with regular US forces.
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| − | Academi mercenaries are notorious for their gung ho attitude and their mistreatment of Iraqis. Even the military seems to be concerned about their behavior, since they are invariably seen as part of the occupying army. [[Robert Fisk]] reported on their behavior in ''[[The Independent]]'' as follows:
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| − | :Xe (Blackwater)'s thugs with guns now push and punch Iraqis who get in their way: Kurdish journalists twice walked out of a Bremer press conference because of their mistreatment by these men. Baghdad is alive with mysterious Westerners draped with hardware, shouting and abusing Iraqis in the street, drinking heavily in the city's poorly defended hotels. They have become, for ordinary Iraqis, the image of everything that is wrong with the West. We like to call them "contractors", but there is a disturbing increase in reports that mercenaries are shooting down innocent Iraqis with total impunity.
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| − | The firm drew attention again, when it was revealed in the ''Observer'' that a memo to its staff in Iraq stated that 'actually it is 'fun' to shoot some people.'
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| − | Academi also offers a psychological counselling programme to combat [[PTSD]].
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| − | ==Secret contracts==
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| − | Academi has a number of classified [[CIA]] contracts, according to the ''[[New York Times]]''. In 2002, it won a classified contract to protect the CIA station in Kabul, Afghanistan.<ref>Mark Mazzetti, [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/us/20intel.html?_r=2&hp C.I.A. Sought Xe (Blackwater)’s Help to Kill Jihadists], New York Times, 19 August 2009.</ref>
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| − | ===Assassination programme===
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| − | In 2004 the CIA hired Academi as part of a programme to [[assassinate]] top [[Al Qaeda]] figures<ref>Mark Mazzetti, [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/us/20intel.html?_r=2&hp C.I.A. Sought Xe (Blackwater)’s Help to Kill Jihadists], New York Times, 19 August 2009.</ref> and also to manage transportation of high-value detainees within the CIA’s illegal secret prison system.<ref>https://harpers.org/blog/2009/08/blackwaters-contracts/</ref>
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| − | The role of an outside contractor was one reason why incoming CIA director [[Leon E. Panetta]] sought a meeting in June 2009 to tell [[US Congress]] about the programme.<ref>Mark Mazzetti, [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/us/20intel.html?_r=2&hp C.I.A. Sought Xe (Blackwater)’s Help to Kill Jihadists], New York Times, 19 August 2009.</ref>
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| − | ==Drug profits==
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| − | Academi has made about hundreds of millions of dollars from the US "[[counternarcotics]]" following the [[Afghanistan war 2001|US invasion of Afghanistan]], and the ensuing huge rise in [[opium production]], leading to a record harvest in 2014.<ref>http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/blackwater-gets-rich-afghanistan-drug-production</ref>
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| − | ==Information provided by former employees in litigation lawsuits==
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| − | A former employee of Blackwater named as '''John Doe No.1''', in a declaration before the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in 2009, claimed:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100827233649/http://file.wikileaks.org/file/xe-blackwater-employee-declaration-2009.pdf</ref>
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| − | * that he is filing the declaration anonymously because of suspicious deaths of other people that wanted to provide information about the company
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| − | * that Blackwater was not abiding by the terms of the contract with the State Department, even deceiving it
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| − | * that Blackwater smuggled weapons into Iraq, having available a M-249 automatic squad weapon that was not authorized for use there (only M-4 and pistols were allowed by contract)
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| − | * that unnecessary, unjustified deadly force was used multiple times, that Blackwater failed to report these incidents and when questioned about it, likely lied towards State Department officials, no assistance to the people that were shot on these occasions was given
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| − | * that Blackwater kept an employee on duty that did brag about killing people in Iraq
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| − | * circumstances like mentioned above were recorded via dash-cams and watched after duty, erasing the file directly afterwards
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| − | ==2007 - Department of State investigation==
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| − | Shortly before the [[Nisour Square shoting]] in Baghdad that left 17 civilians dead, the State Department had sent a team to Iraq with the mandate of conducting a Program Management Review (PMR).<ref>http://www.samm.dsca.mil/glossary/program-management-review-pmr</ref><ref>http://acqnotes.com/acqnote/careerfields/program-management-review</ref> When the investigators were made aware of problems with one of the dining facilities they tried to clarify with the RSO office<ref>http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Regional+Security+Officer</ref> and Blackwaters's Program Manager, [[Daniel Carroll]]. Carroll responded to the investigator Jean Richter that the compound in question (WPPS II Camp Baghdad) was technically not under the authority of the Department of State, therefore jurisdiction for the inquiry not existing and he "accentuated this point by stating that he could 'kill me' at that very moment and no one could or would do anything about it as we were in Iraq". After leaving Baghdad three days later Richter filed a report about the incident noting that: "it has become fully apparent to me that the
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| − | management structures in place to manage and monitor our WPPS contracts in Iraq have become subservient to the contractor themselves. This occurrence has resulted in a situation where the oversight of these high profile and extremely lucrative contracts is merely superficial at best".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/30/us/before-shooting-in-iraq-warning-on-blackwater.html</ref>
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| − | ==2017 - Special Mission to Saudi Arabia==
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| − | Around 9th November 2017 reports started to emerge that Academi mercenaries were arresting and torturing princes of the [[Royal Saudi Family]] in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in [[Riyadh]].<ref>https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-senior-figures-tortured-and-beaten-saudi-purge-1489501498</ref> In some cases it is alleged that money has been extorted, in others it was meant to remove people from their government position or circle of influence. International press started to report on the matter about two weeks later,<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5108651/American-mercenaries-torturing-Saudi-princes.html</ref><ref>https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/11/23/blackwater-torturing-detained-saudi-princes-on-orders-of-new-crown-prince/</ref><ref>https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2017/11/23/543176/Saudi-Arabia-US-torture</ref><ref>https://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/insider-claims-saudi-princes-and-billionaires-tortured-and-insulted-following-brutal-crackdown/news-story/b2855f800a8b6aa49af669ea7acdeec7</ref> all relying on the reporting from the [[Daily Mail]]. While a spokesperson for Constellis, Academi's parent company, denied the claims, even having personnel in Saudi Arabia, in the same time frame [[Michel Aoun]], Lebanon's president, said that it is Blackwater personnel who are 'securing' Lebanon's prime minister Saad Hariri after his detention there.<ref>https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/11/15/saudi-arabia-employing-blackwater-mercenaries-to-guard-hariri</ref> In 2018 the Daily Mail followed up with a report on the aftermath.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5489883/Saudi-graft-suspects-physically-abused-report.html</ref>
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| − | ==People==
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| − | *[[Erik Prince]] - Chairman & CEO
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| − | *[[Cofer Black]] - Vice Chairman from 2005-2008 <ref>Xe (Blackwater), [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195739/http://www.blackwaterusa.com/press/cofer.asp Cofer Black]</ref>
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| − | *[[Daniel Carroll]] - Program Manager Iraq in 2007
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| − | *[[Gary Jackson]] - Top Manager<ref>[http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/blackwater-executives-get-slap-on-wrist-in-6-year-criminal-case-130228?news=847212 Blackwater Executives Get Slap on Wrist in 6-Year Criminal Case] saved at [https://web.archive.org/web/20130304080746/http://www.allgov.com/news/controversies/blackwater-executives-get-slap-on-wrist-in-6-year-criminal-case-130228?news=847212 Archive.org] saved at [https://archive.is/zKaCT Archive.is]</ref>
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| − | ==Resources==
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| − | *Jeremy Scahill Interview by Amy Goodman, [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/01/26/1559232 Our Mercenaries in Iraq: Xe (Blackwater) Inc and Bush's Undeclared Surge], ''Democracy Now'', 26 January 2007
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| − | *Jeremy Scahill, [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060911/blackwater_shot_down Xe (Blackwater) Shot Down in Federal Court], ''The Nation'', 24 August 2006
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| − | *Jeremy Scahill, [http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20060508&s=scahill Blood is Thicker than Xe (Blackwater)], ''The Nation'', 8 May 2006
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| − | *Jeremy Scahill, [http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20051010&s=scahill Xe (Blackwater) Down], ''The Nation'', 10 October 2005
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| − | *Jeremy Scahill, [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/12/1426242 Overkill: Feared Xe (Blackwater) Mercenaries Deploy in [[New Orleans]]], ''Democracy Now'', 12 September 2005.
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| − | *Ewen MacAskill and Richard Norton-Taylor, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,,2174510,00.html Iraq's hired hands under fire as the pot of gold starts to run low], Guardian, 22 September 2007.
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| − | {{SMWDocs}}
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| − | ==References==
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| − | <references/>
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