Difference between revisions of "Ziad Abdelnour"

From Wikispooks
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m
Line 19: Line 19:
 
}}
 
}}
  
'''Ziad''' is a [[Lebanon]]-born [[US|American]] financier, private equity investo geopolitical expert regarding Middle East issues at large. He is President & CEO of [[Blackhawk Partners]], Founder & President of the [[Financial Policy Council]] and President & Founder of the U.S Committee for a Free Lebanon.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=66246&privcapId=39594896 Bloomberg] Capital Markets</ref> He had close ties to the US [[Neocon]] network, but was charged by the [[SEC]], indicating that he fell out of favour. He agreed to a cease and desist order which banned him from the securities industry for 5 years. Reporting on this settlement, ''Dealbreaker'' magazine remarked that Abdelnour used to be a prominent "junk bond salesman during Michael Milken’s glory days... so he’s not bad all the time, whatever he’s up to these days."<ref name=dealbreaker/> In 2016, [[Richtopia]] ranked him as one of The 500 Most Influential CEOs.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Most Influential CEOs in the World|url=https://www.rise.global/500-ceos|website=Richtopia - Retrieved June 5, 2016}}</ref>  
+
'''Ziad''' is a [[Lebanon]]-born [[US|American]] financier, private equity investo geopolitical expert regarding Middle East issues at large. He is President & CEO of {{cite web|title=Blackhawk Partners|url=https://www.blackhawkpartners.com|}}. Founder & President of the {{cite web|title=Financial Policy Council|url=http://www.financialpolicycouncil.org/|}} and President & Founder of the U.S Committee for a Free Lebanon.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=66246&privcapId=39594896 Bloomberg] Capital Markets</ref> He had close ties to the US [[Neocon]] network, but was charged by the [[SEC]], indicating that he fell out of favour. He agreed to a cease and desist order which banned him from the securities industry for 5 years. Reporting on this settlement, ''Dealbreaker'' magazine remarked that Abdelnour used to be a prominent "junk bond salesman during Michael Milken’s glory days... so he’s not bad all the time, whatever he’s up to these days."<ref name=dealbreaker/> In 2016, Richtopia ranked him as one of The 500 Most Influential CEOs.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Most Influential CEOs in the World|url=https://www.rise.global/500-ceos|website=Richtopia - Retrieved June 5, 2016}}</ref>  
  
 
== Background ==
 
== Background ==
Abdelnour is the son of [[Lebanese]] industrialist and former MP [[Khalil Abdelnour]] (1992-2000) and the nephew of former Lebanese financier and MP [[Salem Abdelnour]] (1960-1964 and 1972-1992).<ref>http://www.arabamerica.com/arabamericans/ziad-abdelnour/</ref> In 1984 he graduated from the [[Wharton School of Finance]].
+
Abdelnour is the son of [[Lebanese]] industrialist and former MP Khalil Abdelnour (1992-2000) and the nephew of former Lebanese financier and MP Salem Abdelnour (1960-1964 and 1972-1992).<ref>http://www.arabamerica.com/arabamericans/ziad-abdelnour/</ref> In 1984 he graduated from the [[Wharton School of Finance]].
  
 
== Career ==
 
== Career ==
Abdelnour worked as an investment banker at [[Drexel Burnham Lambert]]<ref>Landon Thomas Jr. (August 1, 2006). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/business/worldbusiness/01wall.html From Lebanese-American Financiers, Differing Views on the Strife]". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2014.</ref> where he was a high yield bond trader under [[Michael Milken]].  
+
Abdelnour worked as an investment banker at Drexel Burnham Lambert<ref>Landon Thomas Jr. (August 1, 2006). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/business/worldbusiness/01wall.html From Lebanese-American Financiers, Differing Views on the Strife]". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2014.</ref> where he was a high yield bond trader under Michael Milken.  
  
 
Abdelnour is a regular speaker on TV{{clarify}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ziad|url = http://www.foxnews.com/archive/ziad-abdelnour/index.html |website=FoxNews. Retrieved April 17, 2012}}</ref> and has written on wealth creation, physical commodities trading and Middle East geo-political analysis at industry conferences in USA.<ref name="Jones Forrest"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Ziad|url=https://freedomfest2015.sched.org/speaker/ziad_abdelnour.1tllvcz9|website=Freedom Fest Las Vegas Conference. Retrieved July 8, 2016.}}</ref><ref name=" Atlas Society">{{cite web|title=Ziad|url=http://atlassociety.org/objectivism/atlas-summit/atlas-summit-blog/3213-ziad-abdelnour-in-the-news|website=-The Atlas Society Conference. Retrieved May 11, 2012.}}</ref>
 
Abdelnour is a regular speaker on TV{{clarify}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ziad|url = http://www.foxnews.com/archive/ziad-abdelnour/index.html |website=FoxNews. Retrieved April 17, 2012}}</ref> and has written on wealth creation, physical commodities trading and Middle East geo-political analysis at industry conferences in USA.<ref name="Jones Forrest"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Ziad|url=https://freedomfest2015.sched.org/speaker/ziad_abdelnour.1tllvcz9|website=Freedom Fest Las Vegas Conference. Retrieved July 8, 2016.}}</ref><ref name=" Atlas Society">{{cite web|title=Ziad|url=http://atlassociety.org/objectivism/atlas-summit/atlas-summit-blog/3213-ziad-abdelnour-in-the-news|website=-The Atlas Society Conference. Retrieved May 11, 2012.}}</ref>
Line 32: Line 32:
 
In 2006, after a 22-year career on [[Wall Street]]<ref>[https://issuu.com/rogerradcliffe/docs/blackhawkpartnersandgoldensea_68963b271094ca "Blackhawk Partners and Golden Sea Ways sign a 200 Million Euros Partnership Agreement to Fund"]. Retrieved 26 February 2015.</ref> he founded Blackhawk Partners, which appeared "geared towards high net worth individuals or entities, requiring a minimum investment ranging from $10 million to $100 million, and running in duration from one day to forty weeks."<ref name=dealbreaker/> For an eighteen month period beginning in September 2009 the firm offered in a web posting investments in prime bank instruments that were claimed to yield returns of as much as 600% without risk.<ref name=secactions>http://www.secactions.com/this-week-in-securities-litigation-week-ending-may-10-2013/</ref> Such remarkable offers (up to 100% in one day!) did not attract any investors but did attract the attention of the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]], which began an investigation and subsequent lawsuit.
 
In 2006, after a 22-year career on [[Wall Street]]<ref>[https://issuu.com/rogerradcliffe/docs/blackhawkpartnersandgoldensea_68963b271094ca "Blackhawk Partners and Golden Sea Ways sign a 200 Million Euros Partnership Agreement to Fund"]. Retrieved 26 February 2015.</ref> he founded Blackhawk Partners, which appeared "geared towards high net worth individuals or entities, requiring a minimum investment ranging from $10 million to $100 million, and running in duration from one day to forty weeks."<ref name=dealbreaker/> For an eighteen month period beginning in September 2009 the firm offered in a web posting investments in prime bank instruments that were claimed to yield returns of as much as 600% without risk.<ref name=secactions>http://www.secactions.com/this-week-in-securities-litigation-week-ending-may-10-2013/</ref> Such remarkable offers (up to 100% in one day!) did not attract any investors but did attract the attention of the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]], which began an investigation and subsequent lawsuit.
  
=== SEC case settlement ===
+
== SEC case settlement ==
 
On 7 May 2013, the [[SEC]] and Abdelnour reached an out of court settlement, amounting to a $25,000 fine and 5 year ban from the securities industry, after which he can reapply for permission to enter the business.<ref>[http://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2013/33-9402.pdf SEC v/s Ziad]</ref>
 
On 7 May 2013, the [[SEC]] and Abdelnour reached an out of court settlement, amounting to a $25,000 fine and 5 year ban from the securities industry, after which he can reapply for permission to enter the business.<ref>[http://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2013/33-9402.pdf SEC v/s Ziad]</ref>
  
[[Matt Levine]] writing in ''Dealbreaker'' magazine remarked that "a $25,000 fine is I guess a little harsh for a scam that didn’t actually hurt anyone, but at the same time it’s a little mild for an intentionally scammy effort to steal millions of dollars, failed or not."<ref name=dealbreaker>{{cite web|title=Investment In Paranoid Fantasy |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110213035/http:/dealbreaker.com/2013/05/investment-in-paranoid-fantasy-of-massive-global-conspiracy-less-lucrative-than-promised/|website= - Dealbreaker. Archived on December 29, 2014.}}</ref>
+
Matt Levine writing in ''Dealbreaker'' magazine remarked that "a $25,000 fine is I guess a little harsh for a scam that didn’t actually hurt anyone, but at the same time it’s a little mild for an intentionally scammy effort to steal millions of dollars, failed or not."<ref name=dealbreaker>{{cite web|title=Investment In Paranoid Fantasy |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110213035/http:/dealbreaker.com/2013/05/investment-in-paranoid-fantasy-of-massive-global-conspiracy-less-lucrative-than-promised/|website= - Dealbreaker. Archived on December 29, 2014.}}</ref>
  
 
== Activities ==
 
== Activities ==
Abdelnour is chairman and a founding member of the [[United States Committee for a Free Lebanon]], an activist organization lobbying the United States government to oppose Syria's influence in Lebanon, supporting the [[Syria Accountability Act]]<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Ending-Syrias-Occupation-Lebanon-U-S/dp/0970148402 Ending Syria’s Occupation of Lebanon: The U.S Role] </ref>. He supported the neoconservative [[Middle East Forum]], co-authoring in 2000 a Forum study whose signatories included later George W. Bush administration officials [[Paula Dobriansky]] and [[Douglas Feith]].
+
Abdelnour is chairman and a founding member of the [[United States Committee for a Free Lebanon]], an activist organization lobbying the United States government to oppose Syria's influence in Lebanon, supporting the Syria Accountability Act<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Ending-Syrias-Occupation-Lebanon-U-S/dp/0970148402 Ending Syria’s Occupation of Lebanon: The U.S Role] </ref>. He supported the neoconservative [[Middle East Forum]], co-authoring in 2000 a Forum study whose signatories included later George W. Bush administration officials [[Paula Dobriansky]] and [[Douglas Feith]].
  
 
== Quotes ==
 
== Quotes ==
In an interview with [[Trish Schuh]] in 2005, he said: <ref name="TS">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html Mehlis's Murky Past; US and Israeli Proxies Pushing the Next Neo-Con War: Faking the Case Against Syria], ''[[Counterpunch]]'', November 18, 2005 - Retrieved from Internet Archive 21 September 2016 (No longer available on Counterpunch</ref>
+
In an interview with Trish Schuh in 2005, he said: <ref name="TS">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html Mehlis's Murky Past; US and Israeli Proxies Pushing the Next Neo-Con War: Faking the Case Against Syria], ''[[Counterpunch]]'', November 18, 2005 - Retrieved from Internet Archive 21 September 2016 (No longer available on Counterpunch</ref>
{{SMWQ
+
 
|subjects=Iran
+
''Iran? We will not let Iran become a nuclear power. We'll find a way, we'll find an excuse- to get rid of Iran. And I don't care what the excuse is. There is no room for rogue states in the world. Whether we lie about it, or invent something, or we don't... I don't care. The end justifies the means. What's right? Might is right, might is right. That's it. Might is right...  
|constitutes=Psychopathy
+
'', '''Date'''= Novermber 18,2005, {{cite web|title= Source|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html|}}
|text=[[Iran]]? We will not let Iran become a nuclear power. We'll find a way, we'll find an excuse- to get rid of Iran. And I don't care what the excuse is. There is no room for rogue states in the world. Whether we lie about it, or invent something, or we don't... I don't care. The end justifies the means. What's right? Might is right, might is right. That's it. Might is right...
+
 
|date=November 18, 2005
 
|source_name=Internet Archive
 
|source_URL=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html
 
}}
 
 
And:  
 
And:  
{{SMWQ
+
 
|text=Iran's going to be finished and every single Arab regime that's like this will be finished. Because there is no room for us capitalists and multinationalists in the world to operate with regimes like this. Its all about money. And power. And wealth... and democracy has to be spread around the world. Those who want to espouse globalization are going to make a lot of money, be happy, their families will be happy. And those who aren't going to play this game are going to be crushed, whether they like it or not! This is how we rule. And this is how it's going to be as long as you have people who think like me.
+
''Iran's going to be finished and every single Arab regime that's like this will be finished. Because there is no room for us capitalists and multinationalists in the world to operate with regimes like this. Its all about money. And power. And wealth... and democracy has to be spread around the world. Those who want to espouse globalization are going to make a lot of money, be happy, their families will be happy. And those who aren't going to play this game are going to be crushed, whether they like it or not! This is how we rule. And this is how it's going to be as long as you have people who think like me.'', '''Date'''=November 18, 2005, {{cite web|title= Source|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html|}}
|date=November 18, 2005
+
 
|source_name=Internet Archive
 
|source_URL=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html
 
}}
 
 
===On Israel's Invasion of Lebanon===
 
===On Israel's Invasion of Lebanon===
{{SMWQ
+
 
|subject=Syria, Lebanon, Israel
+
'''Syria, Lebanon, Israel'''
|text=The end justifies the means. I don't care about how it's done. The important thing is that it is done. I don't rule out force. I'm not against force. If it's an option, it will be an option... I have — we have — absolutely no problem with heavy US involvement in [[Lebanon]]. On an economic level, military level, political level, security level... whatever it is. [[Israel]] is the 51st state of the [[United States]]. Let [[Lebanon]] be the 52nd state. And if the Arabs don't like it, tough luck.
+
''The end justifies the means. I don't care about how it's done. The important thing is that it is done. I don't rule out force. I'm not against force. If it's an option, it will be an option... I have — we have — absolutely no problem with heavy US involvement in [[Lebanon]]. On an economic level, military level, political level, security level... whatever it is. [[Israel]] is the 51st state of the [[United States]]. Let [[Lebanon]] be the 52nd state. And if the Arabs don't like it, tough luck.'', '''Date'''=18 November 2005, {{cite web|title= Source|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html|}}
|date=18 November 2005
+
 
|source_name=Internet Archive
+
'''Hezbollah'''
|source_URL=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805071341/http://www.counterpunch.org/schuh11182005.html
+
''The Lebanese cannot have their cake and eat it, too...Let’s get rid of this cancer'' [<span/>''Hezbollah''<span/>]''... Let’s finish the job.''", {{cite web|title= Source|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/business/worldbusiness/01wall.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&ref=middleeast&adxnnlx=1154455370-sCKn8yFUsT7Aa+FIOYZXGA |}}, New York Times, '''Date'''=1 August 2006  
}}
+
 
{{SMWQ
 
|subjects=Hezbollah
 
|text=The Lebanese cannot have their cake and eat it, too...Let’s get rid of this cancer [<span/>[[Hezbollah]]<span/>]... Let’s finish the job."
 
|source_URL=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/01/business/worldbusiness/01wall.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&ref=middleeast&adxnnlx=1154455370-sCKn8yFUsT7Aa+FIOYZXGA  
 
|source_name=New York Times
 
|source_details=1 August 2006
 
}}
 
 
== Publications ==
 
== Publications ==
  

Revision as of 11:21, 27 August 2018

Person.png Ziad Abdelnour   Amazon Powerbase SourcewatchRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(financier, businessman)
Zanour.jpg
Born1960-12-03
Beirut, Lebanon
NationalityLebanese, American
Alma materAmerican University of Beirut, Wharton School of Finance, University of Pennsylvania
ReligionRoman Catholic
Criminal charge
Violation of Sections 17(a)(1) and (3) of the Securities Act, Violation of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act
Out of court settlement$25000 fine, 5 year ban from dealing in securities
Founder ofUnited States Committee for a Free Lebanon

Ziad is a Lebanon-born American financier, private equity investo geopolitical expert regarding Middle East issues at large. He is President & CEO of "Blackhawk Partners".Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").. Founder & President of the "Financial Policy Council".Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto"). and President & Founder of the U.S Committee for a Free Lebanon.[1] He had close ties to the US Neocon network, but was charged by the SEC, indicating that he fell out of favour. He agreed to a cease and desist order which banned him from the securities industry for 5 years. Reporting on this settlement, Dealbreaker magazine remarked that Abdelnour used to be a prominent "junk bond salesman during Michael Milken’s glory days... so he’s not bad all the time, whatever he’s up to these days."[2] In 2016, Richtopia ranked him as one of The 500 Most Influential CEOs.[3]

Background

Abdelnour is the son of Lebanese industrialist and former MP Khalil Abdelnour (1992-2000) and the nephew of former Lebanese financier and MP Salem Abdelnour (1960-1964 and 1972-1992).[4] In 1984 he graduated from the Wharton School of Finance.

Career

Abdelnour worked as an investment banker at Drexel Burnham Lambert[5] where he was a high yield bond trader under Michael Milken.

Abdelnour is a regular speaker on TV[clarification needed][6] and has written on wealth creation, physical commodities trading and Middle East geo-political analysis at industry conferences in USA.[7][8][9]

Blackhawk Partners

In 2006, after a 22-year career on Wall Street[10] he founded Blackhawk Partners, which appeared "geared towards high net worth individuals or entities, requiring a minimum investment ranging from $10 million to $100 million, and running in duration from one day to forty weeks."[2] For an eighteen month period beginning in September 2009 the firm offered in a web posting investments in prime bank instruments that were claimed to yield returns of as much as 600% without risk.[11] Such remarkable offers (up to 100% in one day!) did not attract any investors but did attract the attention of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which began an investigation and subsequent lawsuit.

SEC case settlement

On 7 May 2013, the SEC and Abdelnour reached an out of court settlement, amounting to a $25,000 fine and 5 year ban from the securities industry, after which he can reapply for permission to enter the business.[12]

Matt Levine writing in Dealbreaker magazine remarked that "a $25,000 fine is I guess a little harsh for a scam that didn’t actually hurt anyone, but at the same time it’s a little mild for an intentionally scammy effort to steal millions of dollars, failed or not."[2]

Activities

Abdelnour is chairman and a founding member of the United States Committee for a Free Lebanon, an activist organization lobbying the United States government to oppose Syria's influence in Lebanon, supporting the Syria Accountability Act[13]. He supported the neoconservative Middle East Forum, co-authoring in 2000 a Forum study whose signatories included later George W. Bush administration officials Paula Dobriansky and Douglas Feith.

Quotes

In an interview with Trish Schuh in 2005, he said: [14]

Iran? We will not let Iran become a nuclear power. We'll find a way, we'll find an excuse- to get rid of Iran. And I don't care what the excuse is. There is no room for rogue states in the world. Whether we lie about it, or invent something, or we don't... I don't care. The end justifies the means. What's right? Might is right, might is right. That's it. Might is right... , Date= Novermber 18,2005, "Source".Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").

And:

Iran's going to be finished and every single Arab regime that's like this will be finished. Because there is no room for us capitalists and multinationalists in the world to operate with regimes like this. Its all about money. And power. And wealth... and democracy has to be spread around the world. Those who want to espouse globalization are going to make a lot of money, be happy, their families will be happy. And those who aren't going to play this game are going to be crushed, whether they like it or not! This is how we rule. And this is how it's going to be as long as you have people who think like me., Date=November 18, 2005, "Source".Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").

On Israel's Invasion of Lebanon

Syria, Lebanon, Israel The end justifies the means. I don't care about how it's done. The important thing is that it is done. I don't rule out force. I'm not against force. If it's an option, it will be an option... I have — we have — absolutely no problem with heavy US involvement in Lebanon. On an economic level, military level, political level, security level... whatever it is. Israel is the 51st state of the United States. Let Lebanon be the 52nd state. And if the Arabs don't like it, tough luck., Date=18 November 2005, "Source".Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").

Hezbollah The Lebanese cannot have their cake and eat it, too...Let’s get rid of this cancer [Hezbollah]... Let’s finish the job.", "Source".Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto")., New York Times, Date=1 August 2006

Publications

Abdelnour has contributed a number of articles to the Middle East Forum web site.[15] With Daniel Pipes he was co-Publisher of Middle East Intelligence Bulletin [16] including the report Ending Syria's occupation of Lebanon: The US Role.[17]

In 2011 he wrote Economic Warfare: Secrets of Wealth Creation in the Age of Welfare Politics, arguing that governments should focus on wealth creation, not job creation.[7]ref>ISBN 1118150120 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118150120</ref>

See Also

Many thanks to our Patrons who cover ~2/3 of our hosting bill. Please join them if you can.


References

  1. Bloomberg Capital Markets
  2. a b c "Investment In Paranoid Fantasy". - Dealbreaker. Archived on December 29, 2014.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  3. "The Most Influential CEOs in the World". Richtopia - Retrieved June 5, 2016.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  4. http://www.arabamerica.com/arabamericans/ziad-abdelnour/
  5. Landon Thomas Jr. (August 1, 2006). "From Lebanese-American Financiers, Differing Views on the Strife". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
  6. "Ziad". FoxNews. Retrieved April 17, 2012.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  7. a b {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  8. "Ziad". Freedom Fest Las Vegas Conference. Retrieved July 8, 2016.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  9. "Ziad". -The Atlas Society Conference. Retrieved May 11, 2012.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  10. "Blackhawk Partners and Golden Sea Ways sign a 200 Million Euros Partnership Agreement to Fund". Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  11. http://www.secactions.com/this-week-in-securities-litigation-week-ending-may-10-2013/
  12. SEC v/s Ziad
  13. Ending Syria’s Occupation of Lebanon: The U.S Role
  14. Mehlis's Murky Past; US and Israeli Proxies Pushing the Next Neo-Con War: Faking the Case Against Syria, Counterpunch, November 18, 2005 - Retrieved from Internet Archive 21 September 2016 (No longer available on Counterpunch
  15. Articles by Ziad - Middle East Forum - searched 4 September 2013
  16. Middle East Intelligence Bulletin - Web site Home page. 4 September 2013
  17. Daniel Pipes and Ziad, Ending Syria's occupation of Lebanon: The US Role, Lebanon Study Group Report (Middle East Forum, May 2000)