Difference between revisions of "University of Königsberg"
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| + | The '''University of Königsberg''' was the [[university]] of [[Königsberg]] in [[East Prussia]]. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second [[Protestant Reformation|Protestant]] academy (after the [[University of Marburg]]) by Duke [[Albert, Duke of Prussia|Albert of Prussia]], and was commonly known as the '''Albertina'''. | ||
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| + | Following [[World War II]], the city of Königsberg was transferred to the [[Soviet Union]] according to the 1945 [[Potsdam Agreement]], and renamed [[Kaliningrad]] in 1946. The Albertina was closed and the remaining native population either [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)|executed or expelled]]. Today, the [[Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University]] in Kaliningrad claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina. | ||
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| + | ==History== | ||
| + | Albert, former [[Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights|Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights]] and first [[Duchy of Prussia|Duke of Prussia]] since 1525, had purchased a piece of land behind [[Königsberg Cathedral]] on the [[Kneiphof]] island of the [[Pregolya River|Pregel]] River from the [[Bishopric of Samland|Samland]] chapter, where he had an academic [[gymnasium (school)]] erected in 1542. He issued the deed of foundation of the ''Collegium Albertinum'' on 20 July 1544, after which the university was inaugurated on 17 August. | ||
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| + | The 18th century went down in cultural history as the "Königsberg Century" of [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]], a heyday initiated by the ''Albertina'' student [[Johann Christoph Gottsched]] and continued by the philosopher [[Johann Georg Hamann]] and writer [[Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder]]. Notable alumni were [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], [[Zacharias Werner]], [[Johann Friedrich Reichardt]], [[E. T. A. Hoffmann]], and foremost the philosopher [[Immanuel Kant]], rector in 1786 and 1788. These scholars laid the foundations for the later [[Weimar Classicism]] and [[German Romanticism]] movements. | ||
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| + | During the university's last years, the ''Albertina'' faculty and the [[German Student Union]] after the territorial separation of the [[Province of East Prussia]] by the [[Treaty of Versailles]] stressed its affiliation with the [[German Reich|Reich]], pushing intellectual life towards [[German nationalism]]. On 10 July 1944, the university celebrated its 400th anniversary in presence of Reich Minister [[Walther Funk]]. A few weeks later, during the nights of 26/27 and 29/30 August, Königsberg was [[Bombing of Königsberg in World War II|extensively bombed]] by the [[Royal Air Force]]. From January to April 1945 the city was further devastated by the [[East Prussian Offensive]] of the [[Red Army]] and the final [[Battle of Königsberg]]. When General [[Otto Lasch]] signed the capitulation on April 9, the historic inner city was destroyed by the attacks, and 80% of the university campus lay in ruins. The faculty had fled, many of them were received at the [[University of Göttingen]]. | ||
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| + | The remaining premises including the ''Albertina'' main building were used by the Kaliningrad State Pedagogical Institute from 1948, which in 1967 received the status of a Kaliningrad State University. | ||
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{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:14, 8 April 2021
 University of Königsberg  (University)   | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Formation | 1544 |
| Extinction | 1945 |
| Headquarters | Königsberg |
| Totally destroyed and closed in 1945. | |
The University of Königsberg was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia, and was commonly known as the Albertina.
Following World War II, the city of Königsberg was transferred to the Soviet Union according to the 1945 Potsdam Agreement, and renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The Albertina was closed and the remaining native population either executed or expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University in Kaliningrad claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.
History
Albert, former Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and first Duke of Prussia since 1525, had purchased a piece of land behind Königsberg Cathedral on the Kneiphof island of the Pregel River from the Samland chapter, where he had an academic gymnasium (school) erected in 1542. He issued the deed of foundation of the Collegium Albertinum on 20 July 1544, after which the university was inaugurated on 17 August.
The 18th century went down in cultural history as the "Königsberg Century" of Enlightenment, a heyday initiated by the Albertina student Johann Christoph Gottsched and continued by the philosopher Johann Georg Hamann and writer Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder. Notable alumni were Johann Gottfried Herder, Zacharias Werner, Johann Friedrich Reichardt, E. T. A. Hoffmann, and foremost the philosopher Immanuel Kant, rector in 1786 and 1788. These scholars laid the foundations for the later Weimar Classicism and German Romanticism movements.
During the university's last years, the Albertina faculty and the German Student Union after the territorial separation of the Province of East Prussia by the Treaty of Versailles stressed its affiliation with the Reich, pushing intellectual life towards German nationalism. On 10 July 1944, the university celebrated its 400th anniversary in presence of Reich Minister Walther Funk. A few weeks later, during the nights of 26/27 and 29/30 August, Königsberg was extensively bombed by the Royal Air Force. From January to April 1945 the city was further devastated by the East Prussian Offensive of the Red Army and the final Battle of Königsberg. When General Otto Lasch signed the capitulation on April 9, the historic inner city was destroyed by the attacks, and 80% of the university campus lay in ruins. The faculty had fled, many of them were received at the University of Göttingen.
The remaining premises including the Albertina main building were used by the Kaliningrad State Pedagogical Institute from 1948, which in 1967 received the status of a Kaliningrad State University.
Alumni on Wikispooks
| Person | Born | Died | Nationality | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerhard Schröder (CDU) | 11 September 1910 | 31 December 1989 | German | Politician | West Germany Foreign Minister in the 1960s |
| Christian Freiherr von Stauffenberg | 7 October 1911 | 28 November 2005 | German | Spook |
