Earthquake

Earthquake  (Natural disaster,  “Weapon of mass destruction”?)
Can certainly be caused by human activity - and maybe weaponized?

An earthquake is the sudden movement or trembling of the Earth's tectonic plates, that creates the shakes of the ground. This shaking can destroy buildings and break the Earth's surface. A sudden shake under water can cause tsunamis.

UN Treaty on Environmental Modification Techniques

May 1977 the UN adopted ENMOD, the “Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques”. Since that time, interventions to change the weather or geological reactions such as artificially induce earthquakes are forbidden. The United States is a signatory.

In 1997 at a press briefing, US Defense Secretary William Cohen touched on the concept:

“Others are engaging even in an eco-type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves.”
William Cohen (28 April 1997) 

Project Plowshare

Project Plowshare was the overall United States program for the development of techniques to use nuclear explosives for peaceful construction purposes. The Soviet Union had a similar program. Successful demonstrations of non-combat uses for nuclear explosives include rock blasting and engineering projects.

The Valdivia earthquake

On May 22, 1960, the most powerful earthquake in recorded history — magnitude 9.5 — struck southern Chile. The rupture zone stretched from estimates ranging from 500 kilometers (311 miles) to almost 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) along the country’s coast, killing 2000. There has been reports that this was caused by a secret nuclear explosion.

Tectonic weapons

A tectonic weapon is a hypothetical device or system which could create earthquakes, volcanoes, or other seismic events in specified locations by interfering with the Earth's natural geological processes. It was defined in 1992 by Aleksey Vsevolodovich Nikolayev, corresponding member Russian Academy of Sciences: "A tectonic or seismic weapon would be the use of the accumulated tectonic energy of the Earth's deeper layers to induce a destructive earthquake".

The German Spiegel wrote in 1996:

Up until the early 1990s, Russian technicians were still attempting to use underground nuclear explosions to deliberately trigger earthquakes and use their destructive force for military purposes. As the British scientific journal Nature reported from Moscow, the Soviet leadership at the time had commissioned the "tectonic warfare" research project in 1987. Roger Clark, a geophysicist at the University of Leeds, says the procedure, which was to use the directed seismic energy of nuclear explosions to deliberately trigger an earthquake in distant areas, "is not impossible, but still very unlikely." Russian technicians, according to documents now surfacing in Moscow, spoke of a successful attempt to control the direction of seismic energy after an initial underground nuclear test in Kyrgyzstan. One possible remote target area was the earthquake-prone San Andreas Fault in California. In the event of war, the designers' idea was that the earthquake weapon would be remotely detonated by earth-orbiting satellites via radio command.

Project Seal

During the Second World War, a group of New Zealand researchers attempted to develop a device capable of provokingtsunamis that could be unleashed against Japan. The research work was conducted by Thomas Leech, an Australian national, at Auckland University behind the code name of "Project Seal". Several small-scale test explosions were carried out successfully, between 1944 and 1945, at Whangaparaoa off the coast of Auckland.

The United States deemed this programme to be as equally promising as the Manhattan Project, involving the development of the atomic bomb, and appointed Dr. Karl T. Compton to maintain the liaison between the two research units. Compton was an American physicist and president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1930 to 1948.

Soviet research

In 1975, the USSR embarked on a new research in the field of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for the purpose of studying the earth’s crust and be able to anticipate earthquakes. The Soviets examined the possibility of provoking small quakes in order to forestall a big one. This research was quickly militarized and resulted in the construction of Pamir, the earthquake machine. The research was snapped up the the United States after the collapse of the USSR.

Drilling

Drilling for oil sets off earthquakes.

Injecting wastewater from oil and gas operations into deep underground wells can cause earthquakes even in areas with no previous recorded activity. The injections can alter stresses that hold geologic faults together, letting them slip, unleashing an earthquake.

Storing of carbon dioxide

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture and sequestration is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO₂) before it enters the atmosphere, transporting it, and storing it underground, theoretically for centuries or millennia. Usually the CO₂ is captured from large point sources, such as coal-fired power plant, a chemical plant or biomass power plant, and then stored in an underground geological formation

Because of the critically stressed nature of the crust, fluid injection in deep wells can trigger earthquakes when the injection increases pore pressure in the vicinity of preexisting potentially active faults. Even small to moderate earthquakes threaten the seal integrity of a CO₂ repository.

HAARP

Full article: HAARP

VIVE TV, a Venezuelan public channel, citing Russian navy sources the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 12 May 2008 Sichuan (China) earthquakes were caused by electromagnetic waves emitted by HAARP. The channel told "since the late 1970s, the U.S. have made tremendous progress in their seismic weapons research and, according to these Russian sources, currently employ devices based on Pulse, Plasma, Electromagnetic and Sonic technology combined with shock wave bombs."

Nikola Tesla's Earthquake Machine

Full article: Earthquake machine

Tesla howitzers

In the 1980s the Central Intelligence Agency explored the ideas of the “free energy” advocate Tom Bearden, warning of Soviet weaponization of electromagnetic fields to create superweapons such as the “Tesla Howitzer”, able to shoot down ICBMs..

 

An example

Page name	Description
Earthquake machine	A weapon of mass destruction which would trigger an earthquake

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