Difference between revisions of "1994 London Israeli Embassy attack"

From Wikispooks
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Clarify opening text)
(lede)
 
(45 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[File:IsraelEmbassyLondonBomb.jpg|thumb|300px|Damaged Israeli Embassy - Picture Credit BBC]]
+
{{Event
'''The Israeli Embassy in London''' was subjected to a bombing attack on 26 July 1994, eight days after the [[1994 AMIA bombing|AMIA bombing]] in Argentina. A car bomb exploded outside the embassy, injuring 20 people. The bomb comprised about 20 to 30 pounds of explosive, and blew up minutes after the driver left it.
+
|description=Two car bombs in London, one in front of the Israeli embassy; one next to a building occupied by Jewish organisations. It was blamed on Palestinians, but MI5 whistleblowers have claimed an MI5 investigation concluded that Mossad were behind the attacks.
 +
|type=car bomb
 +
|occurred=1994/07/26
 +
|constitutes=bombing, False Flag attack
 +
|locations=London
 +
|ON_perpetrators=Jawad Botmeh, Samar Alami
 +
|cause=1994 Israeli Embassy Bombing in London/Perpetrators
 +
|image=IsraelEmbassyLondonBomb.jpg
 +
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_London_Israeli_Embassy_attack
 +
|title=Attack on the Israeli embassy in London
 +
|map=
 +
|coordinates={{coord|51|30|10.44|N|0|11|20.76|W|display=inline}}
 +
|fatalities=0
 +
|injuries=20
 +
|latitude=51°30′10.44″N
 +
|longitude=0°11′20.76″W
 +
}}
 +
'''1994 London Israeli Embassy attack''' was an [[explosion]] around midday on 26th July. At the time the Israeli Ambassador and British intelligence experts blamed pro-Iranian extremists linked to Hezbollah.{{cn}} However, [[Annie Machon]] and others have stated that it was a [[false flag attack]] by Israel to undermine opposition to their activities in [[Lebanon]].<ref>http://charlesfrith.blogspot.com/2012/10/ex-mi5-whistle-blows-israeli-false-flag.html</ref>
  
The Israeli Ambassador and British intelligence experts blamed pro-Iranian extremists, allegedly linked to [[Hezbollah]]. Thirteen hours later a similar car bomb exploded outside Balfour House, the headquarters of the main [[:Category:Zionism|Zionist]] organisation in London, injuring six.
+
==Official narrative==
 +
The [[Israel]]i Embassy in London was car-bombed around midday on 26 July 1994 with around 30 pounds of [[explosives]] that the BBC described as "probably [[TNT]] or [[Semtex]]".<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/26/newsid_2499000/2499619.stm</ref> The explosion blew out walls and caused a floor in the building to collapse. 20 people were injured. The Israeli Ambassador and British intelligence experts blamed pro-Iranian extremists linked to Hezbollah.{{cn}}{{when}} At 1am the next morning a similar car bomb exploded outside [[Balfour House]], the Finchley, North London headquarters of several important Jewish organisations, injuring six bystanders with flying glass and shrapnel from the blast.
  
Five Palestinians were arrested in London in January 1995 in connection with the bombings. In December 1996, two of them, both Palestinian science graduates who were educated in the UK, [[Jawad Botmeh]] and [[Samar Alami]], were convicted of "conspiracy to cause explosions". They were sentenced to 20 years in jail, and lost their appeal in 2001. Nobody has been convicted for the actual bombings.
+
Five Palestinians were arrested in London in January 1995 in connection with the bombings. In December 1996, two of the five, [[Jawad Botmeh]] and [[Samar Alami]], science graduates educated in the UK, were tried and sentenced to 20 years for "conspiracy to cause explosions".
  
[[Jawad Botmeh]] was released from prison on 5 August 2008. [[Samar Alami]] was released in June 2009 and deported to Lebanon. Both continue to protest their complete innocence of any crime. Their UK solicitor [[Gareth Pierce]] is also quite emphatic about their innocence and that their case represents a gross miscarriage of justice<ref>[http://www.anniemachon.com/annie_machon/the-israeli-embassy-two-a-gross-miscarriage-of-justice.html The Israeli Embassy Two - a gross miscarriage of justice] - Annie Machon blog June 2011</ref>, as did campaigning journalist, the late Paul Foot.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/oct/12/law.features11 The Extraordinary Campaigner] - The Guardian 12 October 2004. "The world will be a less just place without the tireless campaigning of Paul Foot"</ref> Annie Machon, ex-MI5 officer, believes that the two were framed, probably by [[Mossad]], as a means of stemming sympathy for the Palestinian cause.
+
===Problems===
 +
{{YouTubeVideo
 +
|code=N5RcSwG2UYA
 +
|caption= Annie Machon on ''Face-to-Face'' with Jack Etkin
 +
|authors=Annie Machon, Jack Etkin
 +
|date=2008
 +
|subjects=1994 London Israeli Embassy attack
 +
}}
 +
Evidence was presented at the trial of pro-Palestinian political activity by the defendants, but none of it demonstrated involvement in the actual bombing. The only link with the bombings was that they had met someone connected to it, a "[[Reda Moghrabi]]". Moghrabi was never located, and it is uncertain whether any efforts were ever made to find him. Nobody was convicted for the actual bombings and the woman who drove the first bomb, despite being seen and spoken to by police, was never identified or caught.  
  
==See Also==
+
The original trial has evidence suggestive of a cover-up.<ref>[[File:InfiniteInjustice.pdf]]</ref> Multiple [[Public-interest immunity]] certificates were applied for, and at least one was issued, allowing evidence to be withheld on grounds of "[[national security]]", a fact which only emerged years later after [[whistleblow]]ing by former [[MI5]] officers, [[Annie Machon]] and [[David Shayler]]. They are emphatic that, in the opinion of the senior [[MI5]] officer charged with investigating the bombing, it was the work of [[Mossad]] - a [[false flag attack]]. [[Annie Machon]] makes this quite clear in her 2008 ''Face to Face'' interview with Jack Etkin - ''See video right.''
*[[File:JusticeDenied.pdf]] - The Israeli Embassy and Balfour House bombings. The wrongful convictions of Samar Alami and Jawad Botmeh with foreword by Paul Foot. 1999
 
*[[File:Israeli Embassy Bomb Appeal book.pdf]] - Cover-up confirmed. An EBook about the continuing story of “human errors” and the case of Samar Alami and Jawad Botmeh. 2001
 
*[[File:Israeli embassy case.pdf]] - Chapter 14 of the Annie Machon Book "Spies Lies and Whistleblowers"
 
*[[File:InfiniteInjustice.pdf]] - Infinite Injustice - Human Rights Breaches and the Wrongful Convictions of Samar Alami & Jawad Botmeh - July 2002
 
  
==External Links==
+
Several investigative journalists and commentators support the convicted Palestinians' continued protestations of complete innocence.
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/26/newsid_2499000/2499619.stm Israel's London embassy bombed] – Report on the incident by the BBC
 
*[http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-bomber-who-never-was-1187295.html The bomber who never was] - Robert Fisk - The Independent 26 November 1998
 
*[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/embassy-bombing-appeal-is-stalled-1188280.html Embassy bombing appeal is stalled] - Robert Fisk - The Independent 30 November 1998
 
* [http://www.freesaj.org.uk/ Freedom and Justice for Samar and Jawad] campaign site
 
  
 +
==The two bombings==
 +
<div class="thumb tright">
 +
<div class="thumbinner">
 +
{{
 +
#Display_map:51.5029,-0.1891~Israeli embassy~Location of first bomb ; 51.613762,-0.1761945~Balfour House~Location of 2nd bomb
 +
|width=480
 +
|height=360
 +
|type=
 +
}}
 +
<div class="thumbcaption">1994 Israel embassy and Balfour House bombings, London.
 +
</div></div></div>
 +
On July 26, 1994 approximately 30lbs of explosive packed into a grey Audi car with false number-plates was driven through the police checkpoint at Kensington Palace Gardens, London's main diplomatic quarter, and parked next to the Israeli embassy.
 +
 +
The woman driver, described as "of Mediterranean appearance" was smartly dressed in a navy jacket and skirt with matching sandals and a Harrods bag. She was challenged by an armed policeman of the diplomatic protection corps and claimed to be visiting flats next door, though she would first shop for some cigarettes in nearby Kensington High Street.
 +
 +
Seconds after she disappeared there was a considerable explosion that threw the car some 50 feet away and demolished part of the South Wing of the Embassy. A witness described seeing debris rise a hundred feet above the treetops. Thirteen people were injured.
 +
 +
In the very early hours of the following morning a red Triumph Acclaim exploded five miles to the north, in Finchley High Road. The target, [[Balfour House]], housed the London offices of, among others, the Jewish Agency for Israel, the Joint Israel Appeal and the World Zionist Organisation, all protected behind slit windows and double doors. Six people were injured.<ref name=guardian2000>[http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/oct/21/weekend7.weekend1 Caught in the blast] Guardian 21 October 2000.</ref>
 +
 +
==Trial==
 +
 +
The trial of Samar and Jawad began in November 1996. [[Gareth Peirce]], Alami's solicitor (who also broke the prosecution's case in the [[Guildford Four]] trial) tried to obtain the film from the Israeli embassy security videotape camera that must have shown the bomber - only to be told that the security camera was not working on the day of the bombing.<ref name=guardian2000 /> Both the accused could prove that they were not at the scene of the bombing - Alami had been making a telephone call from the Imperial College library at the time, though she was only able to prove her alibi when her solicitor found that the telephone in the library recorded the time and number of calls.
 +
 +
Two members of the jury complained to Mr [[Justice Garland]] that a reporter in the court had tried to contact them during the trial proceedings. One of the jurors stated that the reporter ''"said words to the effect: I've got a telephone number if you want it."'' The reporter - subsequently identified by [[The Independent]] as a journalist for Israeli radio, and who denied any attempt to "nobble" the jury - was interviewed by the police and allowed to remain in court during the trial.<ref name=independentstalled1998 />
 +
 +
The trial judge accepted that neither Samar nor Jawad belonged to a terrorist organisation{{fact}} and in his summing up said: ''"Now I'm going to turn to the evidence members of the jury, forgive me if I say in some ways it is rather like trying to get a firm grip on a piece of soap in the bath"''.<ref name=jawad>[http://www.freesaj.org.uk/hcfeb2000_speeches/jawad.htm Message from Jawad Botmeh] 2000.</ref>
 +
 +
Both accused had plentiful opportunities to escape, six months went by between the bombs and their arrest, and months more passed when they were out on bail before the trial. They travelled extensively and went abroad, but returned to Britain normally.
 +
 +
They were sentenced to 20 years in jail, and lost their appeal in Nov 2001.
 +
 +
===Prosecution case===
 +
 +
The prosecution accepted that Samar and Jawad had no links to any regular terrorist organisations. Nevertheless, they proposed that the bombings were carried out by a small, previously unheard-of, amateur group of disgruntled British-based Palestinians, including Samar and Jawad, with no connections to any larger organisations in Britain or abroad.<ref name=terroronthetube />
 +
 +
The two Palestinians, despite being regular peaceful activists and having no interest in bombings carried out in the UK, had taken part in limited experiments.{{clarify}}
 +
 +
===Defence case===
 +
 +
[[File:RedaMoghrabi1.jpg|thumb|350px|Samar Alami drew this picture of 'Reda Moghrabi'.]]
 +
[[File:RedaMoghrabi2.jpg|thumb|350px|Jawad Botmi drew this picture of 'Reda Moghrabi'.]]
 +
 +
Samar Alami and Jawad Botmi say they were ''"set up"'' by a man they suspect was working for the Israelis, whom they referred to as '[[Reda Moghrabi]]'. The police found no record of the man, nor did they seek to create an identikit of him.<ref name=independentstalled1998>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/embassy-bombing-appeal-is-stalled-1188280.html "Embassy bombing appeal is stalled"] Independent 30 Nov 1998.</ref>
 +
 +
The defence case was that the Palestinians had been entrapped by an agent of the real bombers, operating under a carefully constructed false name and persona, who had linked them to the "terrorism" by engaging their help buying one of the cars (the Audi used at the embassy) and leaving them with explosives before vanishing. There is no independent evidence of this man's existence, and the two Palestinians never had an address or telephone number. There were no business references, bank accounts, or credit cards for him.<ref name=guardian2000 />
 +
 +
However, this revelation was largely ignored by the authorities - no description of "Reda Moghrabi" was taken from the two witnesses of a man who was presumably a key member of the terrorist organisation.
 +
 +
At [[Gareth Peirce]]'s instigation, Alami and Botmi put together their portraits of Moghrabi separately from each other - in two different prisons where they were being held - but the pictures are similar. From their memory of his words, it is also possible to reconstruct his story which, if he was an agent, is probably based on events that really happened. A Palestinian himself and, over the two years the accused knew him, he claimed to have been made a refugee repeatedly and to know about bomb-making.<ref name=independentbomberneverwas>[http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-bomber-who-never-was-1187295.html The bomber who never was]. 26 November 1998.</ref>
 +
 +
The jury presumably concluded that Reda Moghrabi was a fictitious character.<ref name=machieblog />
 +
 +
<blockquote>''But if so, Alami and Botmi have produced a mighty convincing portrait of the ''"Man Who Never Was"''. And since even Scotland Yard agree that the convicted pair did not carry out the bombing - that there was someone else who actually planted the bomb - you might expect the police to show a little more interest in the man with the staring eyes'' - Annie Machon.<ref name=machieblog /></blockquote>
 +
 +
===Withheld evidence===
 +
 +
Subsequent to the trial and conviction of the two Palestinians on 2nd November 1997, former [[MI5]] officer David Shayler revealed in an article in the ''"Mail on Sunday"'' that MI5 had received a written report containing specific information from a highly reliable source (as Shayler put it) warning of an imminent attack on the Israeli embassy<ref name=jawad /> and had concealed evidence pointing to other culprits.<ref name=bbcJul26>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/26/newsid_2499000/2499619.stm Israel's London embassy bombed] BBC 26 July 1994.</ref>
 +
 +
The [[Home Secretary]] of the time, [[Jack Straw]], claimed that the information would not have enabled it to prevent the embassy bombing.<ref name=independentstalled1998 />
 +
 +
In August 1998, [[investigative journalist]] [[Paul Foot]] established from [[David Shayler]] that there was another hidden piece of information. A report written in September-October 1994 by a senior [[MI6]][sic] officer involved in the investigation concluded that Israeli intelligence could have been involved in the attacks.<ref name=terroronthetube />
 +
 +
Both pieces of evidence were withheld from court at the time of the trial - and it was three years before their existence became known to the defence as a result of Shayler's [[whistleblowing]].
 +
 +
===Public Interest Immunity===
 +
 +
Prior to the trial of November 1996, Israeli and British investigators examined the crime scene for traces of [[explosives]]. Defenders of Samar and Jawad claim that the forensic evidence found at the time points to a known terrorist organisation, with no known or likely connections to the two Palestinians.<ref name=terroronthetube>[http://terroronthetube.co.uk/related-articles/the-enigma-of-israel-embassy-bombing-london-1994/ The enigma of Israel embassy bombing, London 1994] Blog entry March 8, 2010.</ref>
 +
 +
However, in cases of "terrorism" some parts of the investigatory process are sometimes kept secret, and the prosecution served a [[Public-interest immunity]] (PII) order on evidence concerning the manufacture of the bombs. Hence, the information obtained from the forensic investigation was shown to the judge but not to the defence. The result was to completely exclude a core piece of evidence from the trial which [[Annie Machon]] claims demonstrated that the bomb was very technically sophisticated. (See video right). At the Court of Appeal, October 2000, the prosecution were forced to admit that the existence of this potentially critical evidence had been concealed from the defence.
 +
 +
The [[Crown Prosecution Service]] applied for at least one more [[Public-interest immunity]] [PII] hearing before the Court of Appeal of 2000, leaving the court to decide whether, in its view, the prosecution should reveal this information to the defence or not. All these arguments took place without the presence or knowledge of the defence.<ref name=independentstalled1998 />
 +
 +
==1998 delays==
 +
 +
By November 1998, more than a year after the former [[MI5]] agent [[David Shayler]] revealed the UK security services{{which}} ''were'' warned about the 1994 bombing of the Israeli embassy in London, [[Gareth Peirce]], lawyer for the two Palestinians, was still waiting for the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] to give her information about who was behind the attack. She complained to the [[Director of Public Prosecutions]] about their failure to respond to her request but to no avail.<ref name=independentstalled1998 />
 +
 +
==2000/1 appeal==
 +
 +
At the Court of Appeal in October 2000, the prosecution admitted there had been a cover-up of vital evidence brought about by the use of a ‘PII’ order (‘Public Interest Immunity’) in Nov 1996. Evidence found at the bomb sites apparently suggested that a known terrorist organisation, with no connections to Samar or Jawad, was probably responsible for the bombings.<ref name=terroronthetube>[http://terroronthetube.co.uk/related-articles/the-enigma-of-israel-embassy-bombing-london-1994/ The enigma of Israel embassy bombing, London 1994]. March 8, 2010.</ref> However, no trace of the explosive itself was ever found, it could have been TNT or Semtex<ref name=bbcJul26 /> (a product much used for "terrorism" in Northern Ireland and elsewhere).
 +
 +
Leading defence counsel [[Michael Mansfield]], QC stated to the Court of Appeal in 2000:
 +
{{QB|''It is an astonishing and incredible failure in the duty of disclosure by those who are responsible ... a catalogue of disasters, errors and failures by at least eight different individuals, at seven different stages, beginning with the domestic security service and going all the way up to the Home Office .... Had it not been for [[David Shayler]], the CPS would still be saying to us that there is nothing further to be revealed.''<ref name=terroronthetube/>|}}
 +
 +
==="No demonstrated breach" of right to a fair trial===
 +
Nevertheless, on 1 November 2001, Lord Justice Rose, sitting with Mr Justice Hooper and Mr Justice Goldring, said that there was "no demonstrated breach" of article six of the human rights convention, which guarantees a fair trial. The court also rejected a submission by their lawyers that their sentences were "manifestly excessive".
 +
 +
==Release==
 +
 +
Jawad Botmeh was released from prison on 5 August 2008, Samar Alami followed in June 2009 and both were deported to Lebanon. Both continue to protest their complete innocence of any crime and their UK solicitor Gareth Pierce<ref name=machieblog>[http://www.anniemachon.com/annie_machon/the-israeli-embassy-two-a-gross-miscarriage-of-justice.html The Israeli Embassy Two - a gross miscarriage of justice] - Annie Machon blog June 2011</ref> and investigative journalist [[Paul Foot]] were emphatic that they were innocent.<ref name=gaurdian2004>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/oct/12/law.features11 The Extraordinary Campaigner] ''"On the very day he died, [[Paul Foot]] was preparing yet another article cogently arguing the innocence of Jawad Botmeh and Samar Alami, convicted of conspiracy to bomb the Israeli embassy in London in 1996."'' The Guardian 12 October 2004.</ref>
 +
 +
==Continued doubts==
 +
 +
[[Robert Fisk]], reporter for The Independent said that it is most unusual that two meticulously and professionally prepared bombings in the middle of London did not lead to multiple fatalities. (The bombing of 18 July, 8 days earlier, in Argentina killed 96). He wondered if this might indicate some [[Israeli]] involvement, perhaps as part of an attempt to persuade the British to increase security provisions.<ref name=terroronthetube/> [[The Guardian]] called it a ''"an extraordinary miracle that had most Middle East militants wondering what sort of organisation could have proved so ineffective"''.<ref name=guardian2000 />
 +
 +
Asked in 2009 about this event, [[MI5]] [[whistleblower]] [[Annie Machon]] stated that
 +
{{QB|"... MI5's official assessment of this attack, after reviewing all the evidence and all the intelligence, was that [[Mossad]] had attacked their own embassy in a controlled explosion. They did this for two reasons: first to gain enhanced security around Israeli interests in London, and secondly to shatter a fast-growing [[Palestinian]] support network in which Alami and Botmeh happened to be active.
 +
 +
This was one of the cases we blew the whistle on. You would think that there would have been an immediate retrial, but the government managed to avoid this as it would have justified the whistleblowing, and two innocent people continue to languish in prison."<ref name=machoninterview>[http://911blogger.com/news/2009-04-10/interview-annie-machon An interview with Annie Machon] Anonymous blogger. 10th April 2009.</ref>}}
 +
{{SMWDocs}}
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
 
[[Category:Terrorist attack]]
 
[[Category:Israel]]
 
[[Category:Miscarriage of Justice]]
 

Latest revision as of 13:43, 9 January 2019

Event.png Attack on the Israeli embassy in London (bombing,  False Flag attack) Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
IsraelEmbassyLondonBomb.jpg
Date1994/07/26
LocationLondon
Coordinates51°30′10.44″N 0°11′20.76″W / 51.5029000°N 0.1891000°W / 51.5029000; -0.1891000
Fatal error: The format of the coordinate could not be determined. Parsing failed.


Blamed onJawad Botmeh, Samar Alami
Typecar bomb
Deaths0
Injured (non-fatal)20
Exposed byAnnie Machon, David Shayler
Interest ofPaul Foot
DescriptionTwo car bombs in London, one in front of the Israeli embassy; one next to a building occupied by Jewish organisations. It was blamed on Palestinians, but MI5 whistleblowers have claimed an MI5 investigation concluded that Mossad were behind the attacks.

1994 London Israeli Embassy attack was an explosion around midday on 26th July. At the time the Israeli Ambassador and British intelligence experts blamed pro-Iranian extremists linked to Hezbollah.[citation needed] However, Annie Machon and others have stated that it was a false flag attack by Israel to undermine opposition to their activities in Lebanon.[1]

Official narrative

The Israeli Embassy in London was car-bombed around midday on 26 July 1994 with around 30 pounds of explosives that the BBC described as "probably TNT or Semtex".[2] The explosion blew out walls and caused a floor in the building to collapse. 20 people were injured. The Israeli Ambassador and British intelligence experts blamed pro-Iranian extremists linked to Hezbollah.[citation needed][When?] At 1am the next morning a similar car bomb exploded outside Balfour House, the Finchley, North London headquarters of several important Jewish organisations, injuring six bystanders with flying glass and shrapnel from the blast.

Five Palestinians were arrested in London in January 1995 in connection with the bombings. In December 1996, two of the five, Jawad Botmeh and Samar Alami, science graduates educated in the UK, were tried and sentenced to 20 years for "conspiracy to cause explosions".

Problems

Annie Machon on Face-to-Face with Jack Etkin

Evidence was presented at the trial of pro-Palestinian political activity by the defendants, but none of it demonstrated involvement in the actual bombing. The only link with the bombings was that they had met someone connected to it, a "Reda Moghrabi". Moghrabi was never located, and it is uncertain whether any efforts were ever made to find him. Nobody was convicted for the actual bombings and the woman who drove the first bomb, despite being seen and spoken to by police, was never identified or caught.

The original trial has evidence suggestive of a cover-up.[3] Multiple Public-interest immunity certificates were applied for, and at least one was issued, allowing evidence to be withheld on grounds of "national security", a fact which only emerged years later after whistleblowing by former MI5 officers, Annie Machon and David Shayler. They are emphatic that, in the opinion of the senior MI5 officer charged with investigating the bombing, it was the work of Mossad - a false flag attack. Annie Machon makes this quite clear in her 2008 Face to Face interview with Jack Etkin - See video right.

Several investigative journalists and commentators support the convicted Palestinians' continued protestations of complete innocence.

The two bombings

Loading map...
1994 Israel embassy and Balfour House bombings, London.

On July 26, 1994 approximately 30lbs of explosive packed into a grey Audi car with false number-plates was driven through the police checkpoint at Kensington Palace Gardens, London's main diplomatic quarter, and parked next to the Israeli embassy.

The woman driver, described as "of Mediterranean appearance" was smartly dressed in a navy jacket and skirt with matching sandals and a Harrods bag. She was challenged by an armed policeman of the diplomatic protection corps and claimed to be visiting flats next door, though she would first shop for some cigarettes in nearby Kensington High Street.

Seconds after she disappeared there was a considerable explosion that threw the car some 50 feet away and demolished part of the South Wing of the Embassy. A witness described seeing debris rise a hundred feet above the treetops. Thirteen people were injured.

In the very early hours of the following morning a red Triumph Acclaim exploded five miles to the north, in Finchley High Road. The target, Balfour House, housed the London offices of, among others, the Jewish Agency for Israel, the Joint Israel Appeal and the World Zionist Organisation, all protected behind slit windows and double doors. Six people were injured.[4]

Trial

The trial of Samar and Jawad began in November 1996. Gareth Peirce, Alami's solicitor (who also broke the prosecution's case in the Guildford Four trial) tried to obtain the film from the Israeli embassy security videotape camera that must have shown the bomber - only to be told that the security camera was not working on the day of the bombing.[4] Both the accused could prove that they were not at the scene of the bombing - Alami had been making a telephone call from the Imperial College library at the time, though she was only able to prove her alibi when her solicitor found that the telephone in the library recorded the time and number of calls.

Two members of the jury complained to Mr Justice Garland that a reporter in the court had tried to contact them during the trial proceedings. One of the jurors stated that the reporter "said words to the effect: I've got a telephone number if you want it." The reporter - subsequently identified by The Independent as a journalist for Israeli radio, and who denied any attempt to "nobble" the jury - was interviewed by the police and allowed to remain in court during the trial.[5]

The trial judge accepted that neither Samar nor Jawad belonged to a terrorist organisation[citation needed] and in his summing up said: "Now I'm going to turn to the evidence members of the jury, forgive me if I say in some ways it is rather like trying to get a firm grip on a piece of soap in the bath".[6]

Both accused had plentiful opportunities to escape, six months went by between the bombs and their arrest, and months more passed when they were out on bail before the trial. They travelled extensively and went abroad, but returned to Britain normally.

They were sentenced to 20 years in jail, and lost their appeal in Nov 2001.

Prosecution case

The prosecution accepted that Samar and Jawad had no links to any regular terrorist organisations. Nevertheless, they proposed that the bombings were carried out by a small, previously unheard-of, amateur group of disgruntled British-based Palestinians, including Samar and Jawad, with no connections to any larger organisations in Britain or abroad.[7]

The two Palestinians, despite being regular peaceful activists and having no interest in bombings carried out in the UK, had taken part in limited experiments.[clarification needed]

Defence case

Samar Alami drew this picture of 'Reda Moghrabi'.
Jawad Botmi drew this picture of 'Reda Moghrabi'.

Samar Alami and Jawad Botmi say they were "set up" by a man they suspect was working for the Israelis, whom they referred to as 'Reda Moghrabi'. The police found no record of the man, nor did they seek to create an identikit of him.[5]

The defence case was that the Palestinians had been entrapped by an agent of the real bombers, operating under a carefully constructed false name and persona, who had linked them to the "terrorism" by engaging their help buying one of the cars (the Audi used at the embassy) and leaving them with explosives before vanishing. There is no independent evidence of this man's existence, and the two Palestinians never had an address or telephone number. There were no business references, bank accounts, or credit cards for him.[4]

However, this revelation was largely ignored by the authorities - no description of "Reda Moghrabi" was taken from the two witnesses of a man who was presumably a key member of the terrorist organisation.

At Gareth Peirce's instigation, Alami and Botmi put together their portraits of Moghrabi separately from each other - in two different prisons where they were being held - but the pictures are similar. From their memory of his words, it is also possible to reconstruct his story which, if he was an agent, is probably based on events that really happened. A Palestinian himself and, over the two years the accused knew him, he claimed to have been made a refugee repeatedly and to know about bomb-making.[8]

The jury presumably concluded that Reda Moghrabi was a fictitious character.[9]

But if so, Alami and Botmi have produced a mighty convincing portrait of the "Man Who Never Was". And since even Scotland Yard agree that the convicted pair did not carry out the bombing - that there was someone else who actually planted the bomb - you might expect the police to show a little more interest in the man with the staring eyes - Annie Machon.[9]

Withheld evidence

Subsequent to the trial and conviction of the two Palestinians on 2nd November 1997, former MI5 officer David Shayler revealed in an article in the "Mail on Sunday" that MI5 had received a written report containing specific information from a highly reliable source (as Shayler put it) warning of an imminent attack on the Israeli embassy[6] and had concealed evidence pointing to other culprits.[10]

The Home Secretary of the time, Jack Straw, claimed that the information would not have enabled it to prevent the embassy bombing.[5]

In August 1998, investigative journalist Paul Foot established from David Shayler that there was another hidden piece of information. A report written in September-October 1994 by a senior MI6[sic] officer involved in the investigation concluded that Israeli intelligence could have been involved in the attacks.[7]

Both pieces of evidence were withheld from court at the time of the trial - and it was three years before their existence became known to the defence as a result of Shayler's whistleblowing.

Public Interest Immunity

Prior to the trial of November 1996, Israeli and British investigators examined the crime scene for traces of explosives. Defenders of Samar and Jawad claim that the forensic evidence found at the time points to a known terrorist organisation, with no known or likely connections to the two Palestinians.[7]

However, in cases of "terrorism" some parts of the investigatory process are sometimes kept secret, and the prosecution served a Public-interest immunity (PII) order on evidence concerning the manufacture of the bombs. Hence, the information obtained from the forensic investigation was shown to the judge but not to the defence. The result was to completely exclude a core piece of evidence from the trial which Annie Machon claims demonstrated that the bomb was very technically sophisticated. (See video right). At the Court of Appeal, October 2000, the prosecution were forced to admit that the existence of this potentially critical evidence had been concealed from the defence.

The Crown Prosecution Service applied for at least one more Public-interest immunity [PII] hearing before the Court of Appeal of 2000, leaving the court to decide whether, in its view, the prosecution should reveal this information to the defence or not. All these arguments took place without the presence or knowledge of the defence.[5]

1998 delays

By November 1998, more than a year after the former MI5 agent David Shayler revealed the UK security services[Which?] were warned about the 1994 bombing of the Israeli embassy in London, Gareth Peirce, lawyer for the two Palestinians, was still waiting for the Crown Prosecution Service to give her information about who was behind the attack. She complained to the Director of Public Prosecutions about their failure to respond to her request but to no avail.[5]

2000/1 appeal

At the Court of Appeal in October 2000, the prosecution admitted there had been a cover-up of vital evidence brought about by the use of a ‘PII’ order (‘Public Interest Immunity’) in Nov 1996. Evidence found at the bomb sites apparently suggested that a known terrorist organisation, with no connections to Samar or Jawad, was probably responsible for the bombings.[7] However, no trace of the explosive itself was ever found, it could have been TNT or Semtex[10] (a product much used for "terrorism" in Northern Ireland and elsewhere).

Leading defence counsel Michael Mansfield, QC stated to the Court of Appeal in 2000:

It is an astonishing and incredible failure in the duty of disclosure by those who are responsible ... a catalogue of disasters, errors and failures by at least eight different individuals, at seven different stages, beginning with the domestic security service and going all the way up to the Home Office .... Had it not been for David Shayler, the CPS would still be saying to us that there is nothing further to be revealed.[7]

"No demonstrated breach" of right to a fair trial

Nevertheless, on 1 November 2001, Lord Justice Rose, sitting with Mr Justice Hooper and Mr Justice Goldring, said that there was "no demonstrated breach" of article six of the human rights convention, which guarantees a fair trial. The court also rejected a submission by their lawyers that their sentences were "manifestly excessive".

Release

Jawad Botmeh was released from prison on 5 August 2008, Samar Alami followed in June 2009 and both were deported to Lebanon. Both continue to protest their complete innocence of any crime and their UK solicitor Gareth Pierce[9] and investigative journalist Paul Foot were emphatic that they were innocent.[11]

Continued doubts

Robert Fisk, reporter for The Independent said that it is most unusual that two meticulously and professionally prepared bombings in the middle of London did not lead to multiple fatalities. (The bombing of 18 July, 8 days earlier, in Argentina killed 96). He wondered if this might indicate some Israeli involvement, perhaps as part of an attempt to persuade the British to increase security provisions.[7] The Guardian called it a "an extraordinary miracle that had most Middle East militants wondering what sort of organisation could have proved so ineffective".[4]

Asked in 2009 about this event, MI5 whistleblower Annie Machon stated that

"... MI5's official assessment of this attack, after reviewing all the evidence and all the intelligence, was that Mossad had attacked their own embassy in a controlled explosion. They did this for two reasons: first to gain enhanced security around Israeli interests in London, and secondly to shatter a fast-growing Palestinian support network in which Alami and Botmeh happened to be active. This was one of the cases we blew the whistle on. You would think that there would have been an immediate retrial, but the government managed to avoid this as it would have justified the whistleblowing, and two innocent people continue to languish in prison."[12]

 

Related Documents

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
File:InfiniteInjustice.pdfreportJuly 2002Editorial staffA detailed report on the background and status of the convictions of Jawad Botmeh and Samar Alami following the rejection of their appeal in November 2001.
File:Israeli Embassy Bomb Appeal book.pdfreportJanuary 2001Daniel GuedallaA case that Samar Alami and Jawad Botmeh were framed for the 1994 London Israeli Embassy bombings and that their trial was a cover-up of a false flag attack.
File:Israeli embassy case.pdfbook extract1 January 2005Annie MachonChapter 14 of Machon's "Spies, Lies and Whistleblowers" which focuses on the 1994 London Israeli Embassy attack
File:JusticeDenied.pdfreport1999Daniel GuedallaA report written in 1999 in the run up to the unsuccessful appeal by Samar and Jawad against their conspiracy convictions. Includes a preface by Paul Foot.

 

The Official Culprits

Name
Jawad Botmeh
Samar Alami
Many thanks to our Patrons who cover ~2/3 of our hosting bill. Please join them if you can.


References

  1. http://charlesfrith.blogspot.com/2012/10/ex-mi5-whistle-blows-israeli-false-flag.html
  2. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/26/newsid_2499000/2499619.stm
  3. File:InfiniteInjustice.pdf
  4. a b c d Caught in the blast Guardian 21 October 2000.
  5. a b c d e "Embassy bombing appeal is stalled" Independent 30 Nov 1998.
  6. a b Message from Jawad Botmeh 2000.
  7. a b c d e f The enigma of Israel embassy bombing, London 1994 Blog entry March 8, 2010. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "terroronthetube" defined multiple times with different content
  8. The bomber who never was. 26 November 1998.
  9. a b c The Israeli Embassy Two - a gross miscarriage of justice - Annie Machon blog June 2011
  10. a b Israel's London embassy bombed BBC 26 July 1994.
  11. The Extraordinary Campaigner "On the very day he died, Paul Foot was preparing yet another article cogently arguing the innocence of Jawad Botmeh and Samar Alami, convicted of conspiracy to bomb the Israeli embassy in London in 1996." The Guardian 12 October 2004.
  12. An interview with Annie Machon Anonymous blogger. 10th April 2009.