Difference between revisions of "US/Department/State/International Visitor Leadership Program"
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| − | |members=Youssouf Saleh Abbas,Edward Fenech Adami,Tom Adams,Yawovi Agboyibo,Fakhruddin Ahmed,Esko Aho,Faisal al-Fayez,Abdelsalam al-Majali,Jacques-Édouard Alexis,Raúl Alfonsín,Hama Amadou,Nahas Angula,József Antall,Óscar Arias,Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,Rosalía Arteaga,Owen Arthur,Álvaro Arzú,Julio César Turbay Ayala,Adnan Badran,Kurmanbek Bakiyev,Jan Peter Balkenende,Francisco Pinto Balsemao,Joyce Banda,Raymond Barre,Washington Beltrán,Pierre Bérégovoy,Belisario Betancur,Krishna Prasad Bhattarai,Carl Bildt,Mahathir bin Mohamad,Tony Blair,Salvador Jorge Blanco,Kjell Magne Bondevik,Ugo Mifsud Bonnici,Rodrigo Borja,Mame Madior Boye,Willy Brandt,Gordon Brown,John Bruton,Quentin Bryce,Dayendranath Burrenchobay,George Cakobau,Rafael Caldera,Felipe Calderón,Rafael Leonardo Callejas,Luis Herrera Campins,Ramiro de León Carpio,Karl Carstens,Vinicio Cerezo,Jacques Chaban-Delmas,Eugenia Charles,Victor Ciorbea,Helen Clark,Alpha Condé,Howard Cooke,Francesco Cossiga,Alfredo Cristiani,Valéry Giscard d'Estaing,Kim Dae-jung,Simeon Daniel,Frederik Willem de Klerk,Fernando de la Rúa,Guido De Marco,Michel Debré,Jorge Del Castillo,José Azcona del Hoyo,Suleyman Demirel,Morarji Desai,Sher Bahadur Deuba,Marco Antonio Díaz,Philip Dimitrov,Obed Dlamini,Choi Doo-sun,Denzil Douglas,Janez Drnovšek,Nicanor Duarte,Nam Duck-woo,Daniel Kablan Duncan,Sara Duterte,Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme,Kristjan Eldjarn,Nambaryn Enkhbayar,Mark Eyskens,François Fillon,Bashkim Fino,Heinz Fischer,Arnaldo Forlani,Malcolm Fraser,Indira Gandhi,Penaia Ganilau,Joachim Gauck,César Gaviria,Laurent Gbagbo,Amin Gemayel,Ljubco Georgievski,Julia Gillard,Faure Gnassingbé,Lawrence Gonzi,Giovanni Goria,Hamilton Green,Nikola Gruevski,Dalia Grybauskaitė,Armando Guebuza,Abdullah Gul,Alfred Gusenbauer,António Guterres,Geir Haarde,Tarja Halonen,Lee Han-key,Yukio Hatoyama,William Hayden,Edward Heath,Harri Holkeri,Gyula Horn,Morihiro Hosokawa,Chung Il-kwon,Anneli Tuulikki Jaatteenmaki,Thorbjorn Jagland,Patrick John,Ivo Josipović,Lionel Jospin,Anerood Jugnauth,Alain Juppé,Roch Marc Christian Kaboré,Toshiki Kaifu,Naoto Kan,Constantine Karamanlis,Konstandinos Karamanlis,Hamid Karzai,Jyrki Katainen,Moshe Katzav,Paul Keating,Enda Kenny,Ghulam Ishaq Khan,Mwai Kibaki,Kurt Georg Kiesinger,Ignatius Kilage,Stephenson King,Norman Kirk,Gediminas Kirkilas,Edem Kodjo,Joseph Kokou Koffigoh,Willem Kok,Andre-Dieudonne Kolingba,Vaai Kolone,Bronislaw Komorowski,Alpha Oumar Konaré,Bajram Kosumi,Zaven Kouyoumdjian,Leonid Kravchuk,Bruno Kreisky,Leonid Kuchma,John Kufuor,Aleksander Kwasniewski,Luis Alberto Lacalle,Ricardo Lagos,David Lange,Chuan Leekpai,Yves Leterme,Moritz Leuenberger,Walter Lini,Paavo Lipponen,Nicholas Liverpool,Petru Lucinschi,Igor Lukšić,Eduardo Madina,Ricardo Maduro,Jamil Mahuad,Leslie Manigat,Patrick Manning,Terepai Maoate,Kamisese Mara,Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz,Jack Marshall,Wilfried Martens,Quett Masire,Amama Mbabazi,Danilo Medina,Hipólito Mejía,Beatriz Merino,Carlos Mesa,Zoran Milanovic,Dominic Mintoff,James Fitz-Allen Mitchell,Constantine Mitsotakis,Pascoal Mocumbi,Narendra Modi,Festus G. Mogae,Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin,Daniel arap Moi,Vladimiro Montesinos,Mario Monti,Lee Moore,Rob Muldoon,Bakili Muluzi,Said Musa,Joseph Muscat,Kebby Musokotwane,Mohamed Mzali,Devan Nair,Tosiwo Nakayama,Ahmed Nazif,Petr Nečas,Sauli Niinistö,Gustavo Noboa,Zurab Noghaideli,Sylvestre Nsanzimana,Julius Nyerere,David Oddsson,Karl Offmann,Ehud Olmert,Seyni Oumarou,Borut Pahor,Thorsteinn Palsson,Basdeo Panday,Tassos Papadopoulos,Juhan Parts,Ertha Pascal-Trouillot,Pratibha Patil,Arturas Paulauskas,Kamla Persad-Bissessar,Alfonso Portillo,Romano Prodi,Ivica Racan,Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,Mieczysław Rakowski,George Rallis,Navinchandra Ramgoolam,Anders Fogh Rasmussen,Poul Nyrup Rasmussen,Lars Løkke Rasmussen,Didier Ratsiraka,Abdul Razak,Ptolemy Reid,Carlos Roberto Reina,Fredrik Reinfeldt,France-Albert René,Bajram Rexhepi,George Richards,Veerasamy Ringadoo,Mary Robinson,Dilma Rousseff,Wallace E. Rowling,Mikheil Saakashvili,Anwar Sadat,Lazarus Salii,Jorge Sampaio,Ernesto Samper,Lloyd Erskine Sandiford,Kim Sang-hyup,Donald Sangster,Julio María Sanguinetti,Jacques Santer,Giuseppe Saragat,Elias Sarkis,Nicolas Sarkozy,José Sarney,Oscar Luigi Scalfaro,Walter Scheel,Helmut Schmidt,Edward Schreyer,Gerhard Schröder,Wolfgang Schüssel,Paul Scoon,'Mamohato Seeiso,Fatmir Sejdiu,Hyun Seung-jong,Han Seung-soo,Ramsewak Shankar,Jenny Shipley,Chen Shui-bian,Lamine Sidimé,Andri Silberschmidt,Aníbal Cavaco Silva,Portia Simpson-Miller,Fred Sinowatz,Mario Alberto Soares,Nicephore Soglo,Armando Calderón Sol,Erna Solberg,Michael Somare,Giovanni Spadolini,Sergei Stanishev,Jens Stoltenberg,Hanna Suchocka,Megawati Sukarnoputri,Jan P. Syse,Beata Szydło,Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani,Margaret Thatcher,Jigme Thinley,Nicolae Timofti,Leo Tindemans,Zlatko Tomčić,Boris Trajkovski,Constantine Tsatsos,Philibert Tsiranana,Morgan Tsvangirai,Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake,Taufa'ahau Tupou IV,Donald Tusk,Álvaro Uribe,Joop den Uyl,Atal Bihari Vajpayee,Matti Vanhanen,Tabaré Vázquez,Ronald Venetiaan,Guy Verhofstadt,Zhan Videnov,Richard von Weizsäcker,Franz Vranitzky,Abdurrahman Wahid,Khandu Wangchuk,Wee Kim Wee,Gough Whitlam,Michael Williams,Kåre Willoch,Christian Wulff,Nagoum Yamassoum,Arun Daniel Yellamaty,Ma Ying-jeou,Kim Yong-sam,Humza Yousaf,Lee Yung-duk,Zurab Zhvania, George Foulkes, Frank Field, John Reid, Peter Mandelson,Victoria Eastwood,Hanif Kureishi,Angela Palmer | + | |members=Youssouf Saleh Abbas,Edward Fenech Adami,Tom Adams,Yawovi Agboyibo,Fakhruddin Ahmed,Esko Aho,Faisal al-Fayez,Abdelsalam al-Majali,Jacques-Édouard Alexis,Raúl Alfonsín,Hama Amadou,Nahas Angula,József Antall,Óscar Arias,Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,Rosalía Arteaga,Owen Arthur,Álvaro Arzú,Julio César Turbay Ayala,Adnan Badran,Kurmanbek Bakiyev,Jan Peter Balkenende,Francisco Pinto Balsemao,Joyce Banda,Raymond Barre,Washington Beltrán,Pierre Bérégovoy,Belisario Betancur,Krishna Prasad Bhattarai,Carl Bildt,Mahathir bin Mohamad,Tony Blair,Salvador Jorge Blanco,Kjell Magne Bondevik,Ugo Mifsud Bonnici,Rodrigo Borja,Mame Madior Boye,Willy Brandt,Gordon Brown,John Bruton,Quentin Bryce,Dayendranath Burrenchobay,George Cakobau,Rafael Caldera,Felipe Calderón,Rafael Leonardo Callejas,Luis Herrera Campins,Ramiro de León Carpio,Karl Carstens,Vinicio Cerezo,Jacques Chaban-Delmas,Eugenia Charles,Victor Ciorbea,Helen Clark,Alpha Condé,Howard Cooke,Francesco Cossiga,Alfredo Cristiani,Valéry Giscard d'Estaing,Kim Dae-jung,Simeon Daniel,Frederik Willem de Klerk,Fernando de la Rúa,Guido De Marco,Michel Debré,Jorge Del Castillo,José Azcona del Hoyo,Suleyman Demirel,Morarji Desai,Sher Bahadur Deuba,Marco Antonio Díaz,Philip Dimitrov,Obed Dlamini,Choi Doo-sun,Denzil Douglas,Janez Drnovšek,Nicanor Duarte,Nam Duck-woo,Daniel Kablan Duncan,Sara Duterte,Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme,Kristjan Eldjarn,Nambaryn Enkhbayar,Mark Eyskens,François Fillon,Bashkim Fino,Heinz Fischer,Arnaldo Forlani,Malcolm Fraser,Indira Gandhi,Penaia Ganilau,Joachim Gauck,César Gaviria,Laurent Gbagbo,Amin Gemayel,Ljubco Georgievski,Julia Gillard,Faure Gnassingbé,Lawrence Gonzi,Giovanni Goria,Hamilton Green,Nikola Gruevski,Dalia Grybauskaitė,Armando Guebuza,Abdullah Gul,Alfred Gusenbauer,António Guterres,Geir Haarde,Tarja Halonen,Lee Han-key,Yukio Hatoyama,William Hayden,Edward Heath,Harri Holkeri,Gyula Horn,Morihiro Hosokawa,Chung Il-kwon,Anneli Tuulikki Jaatteenmaki,Thorbjorn Jagland,Patrick John,Ivo Josipović,Lionel Jospin,Anerood Jugnauth,Alain Juppé,Roch Marc Christian Kaboré,Toshiki Kaifu,Naoto Kan,Constantine Karamanlis,Konstandinos Karamanlis,Hamid Karzai,Jyrki Katainen,Moshe Katzav,Paul Keating,Enda Kenny,Ghulam Ishaq Khan,Mwai Kibaki,Kurt Georg Kiesinger,Ignatius Kilage,Stephenson King,Norman Kirk,Gediminas Kirkilas,Edem Kodjo,Joseph Kokou Koffigoh,Willem Kok,Andre-Dieudonne Kolingba,Vaai Kolone,Bronislaw Komorowski,Alpha Oumar Konaré,Bajram Kosumi,Zaven Kouyoumdjian,Leonid Kravchuk,Bruno Kreisky,Leonid Kuchma,John Kufuor,Aleksander Kwasniewski,Luis Alberto Lacalle,Ricardo Lagos,David Lange,Chuan Leekpai,Yves Leterme,Moritz Leuenberger,Walter Lini,Paavo Lipponen,Nicholas Liverpool,Petru Lucinschi,Igor Lukšić,Eduardo Madina,Ricardo Maduro,Jamil Mahuad,Leslie Manigat,Patrick Manning,Terepai Maoate,Kamisese Mara,Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz,Jack Marshall,Wilfried Martens,Quett Masire,Amama Mbabazi,Danilo Medina,Hipólito Mejía,Beatriz Merino,Carlos Mesa,Zoran Milanovic,Dominic Mintoff,James Fitz-Allen Mitchell,Constantine Mitsotakis,Pascoal Mocumbi,Narendra Modi,Festus G. Mogae,Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin,Daniel arap Moi,Vladimiro Montesinos,Mario Monti,Lee Moore,Rob Muldoon,Bakili Muluzi,Said Musa,Joseph Muscat,Kebby Musokotwane,Mohamed Mzali,Devan Nair,Tosiwo Nakayama,Ahmed Nazif,Petr Nečas,Sauli Niinistö,Gustavo Noboa,Zurab Noghaideli,Sylvestre Nsanzimana,Julius Nyerere,David Oddsson,Karl Offmann,Ehud Olmert,Seyni Oumarou,Borut Pahor,Thorsteinn Palsson,Basdeo Panday,Tassos Papadopoulos,Juhan Parts,Ertha Pascal-Trouillot,Pratibha Patil,Arturas Paulauskas,Kamla Persad-Bissessar,Alfonso Portillo,Romano Prodi,Ivica Racan,Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,Mieczysław Rakowski,George Rallis,Navinchandra Ramgoolam,Anders Fogh Rasmussen,Poul Nyrup Rasmussen,Lars Løkke Rasmussen,Didier Ratsiraka,Abdul Razak,Ptolemy Reid,Carlos Roberto Reina,Fredrik Reinfeldt,France-Albert René,Bajram Rexhepi,George Richards,Veerasamy Ringadoo,Mary Robinson,Dilma Rousseff,Wallace E. Rowling,Mikheil Saakashvili,Anwar Sadat,Lazarus Salii,Jorge Sampaio,Ernesto Samper,Lloyd Erskine Sandiford,Kim Sang-hyup,Donald Sangster,Julio María Sanguinetti,Jacques Santer,Giuseppe Saragat,Elias Sarkis,Nicolas Sarkozy,José Sarney,Oscar Luigi Scalfaro,Walter Scheel,Helmut Schmidt,Edward Schreyer,Gerhard Schröder,Wolfgang Schüssel,Paul Scoon,'Mamohato Seeiso,Fatmir Sejdiu,Hyun Seung-jong,Han Seung-soo,Ramsewak Shankar,Jenny Shipley,Chen Shui-bian,Lamine Sidimé,Andri Silberschmidt,Aníbal Cavaco Silva,Portia Simpson-Miller,Fred Sinowatz,Mario Alberto Soares,Nicephore Soglo,Armando Calderón Sol,Erna Solberg,Michael Somare,Giovanni Spadolini,Sergei Stanishev,Jens Stoltenberg,Hanna Suchocka,Megawati Sukarnoputri,Jan P. Syse,Beata Szydło,Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani,Margaret Thatcher,Jigme Thinley,Nicolae Timofti,Leo Tindemans,Zlatko Tomčić,Boris Trajkovski,Constantine Tsatsos,Philibert Tsiranana,Morgan Tsvangirai,Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake,Taufa'ahau Tupou IV,Donald Tusk,Álvaro Uribe,Joop den Uyl,Atal Bihari Vajpayee,Matti Vanhanen,Tabaré Vázquez,Ronald Venetiaan,Guy Verhofstadt,Zhan Videnov,Richard von Weizsäcker,Franz Vranitzky,Abdurrahman Wahid,Khandu Wangchuk,Wee Kim Wee,Gough Whitlam,Michael Williams,Kåre Willoch,Christian Wulff,Nagoum Yamassoum,Arun Daniel Yellamaty,Ma Ying-jeou,Kim Yong-sam,Humza Yousaf,Lee Yung-duk,Zurab Zhvania, George Foulkes, Frank Field, John Reid, Peter Mandelson,Victoria Eastwood,Hanif Kureishi,Angela Palmer,Isabel Gil |
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The '''International Visitor Leadership Program''' ('''IVLP''') is a professional exchange program funded by the [[U.S. Department of State]]'s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Through short-term visits to the [[United States]], current and emerging foreign [[leaders]] in a variety of fields "cultivate lasting relationships with their American counterparts".<ref>https://eca.state.gov/ivlp</ref> | The '''International Visitor Leadership Program''' ('''IVLP''') is a professional exchange program funded by the [[U.S. Department of State]]'s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Through short-term visits to the [[United States]], current and emerging foreign [[leaders]] in a variety of fields "cultivate lasting relationships with their American counterparts".<ref>https://eca.state.gov/ivlp</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 09:18, 14 October 2024
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The International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) is a professional exchange program funded by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Through short-term visits to the United States, current and emerging foreign leaders in a variety of fields "cultivate lasting relationships with their American counterparts".[1]
Activities
In 2011, the BBC wrote how IVLP has proved "remarkably prescient when it comes to guessing who might one day govern the planet..As part of the highly prestigious - and expensive - programme, participants are hand-picked to spend typically three weeks visiting Washington DC and three additional towns or cities, meeting their counterparts and other VIPs and experts - all highly valuable networking experience for any ambitious young man or woman on the climb."[2]
Participants
Only some of the large number of participants since 1952 are publicly known.[3]
UK subversion
A 2006 study, Searching for the Successor Generation by Professor Giles Scott-Smith,[4] explored the specific relationship the US State Department fostered with young, ambitious British Labour Party politicians in the 1980s following concern at the Labour Party's support for unilateralism and other policy developments which they viewed as a threat to US interests. Among the Labour MPs visiting the US under the Program during this period were George Foulkes (1981), Frank Field (1984), John Reid (1988), Peter Mandelson (1988) as well as Blair (1986) and Brown (1984). Addressing the issue of the US government's motivation for the IVLP Scott-Smith says “The aim over the long term is to build up a loose network of ‘allies’, be they sympathetic listeners or vocal advocates open to co-operative ventures.”[5][6].
Following the establishment of the Scottish Parliament the US State Department began inviting young Nationalists to participate in the IVLP. These include former adviser to First Minister Alex Salmond and recently elected Glasgow MSP Humza Yousaf who declared in the Scottish Parliament's register of interest to visiting the United States through IVLP in 2008. The cost, £3415.55, was met in full by the US Government.[7] Within weeks of his election Yousaf was appointed 'Parliamentary Liaison Officer to the Office of the First Minister of the Scottish Government'.[8] Previously another former adviser to Alex Salmond and SNP candidate in Glasgow Osama Saeed was a participant on the IVLP.[9]. Osama Saeed has since joined Al Jazeera as Head of International and Media Relations.[10].
Germany
As of 2024 there are approximately 9,000 German International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) alumni. German IVLP alumni have gone on to become Chancellors, Presidents, Bundestag members, as well as leaders in business, civil society, and the arts.[11]
Known members
96 of the 334 of the members already have pages here:
| Member | Description |
|---|---|
| Esko Aho | Attended the 1994 Bilderberg as Prime Minister of Finland |
| Jan Peter Balkenende | Dutch PM for 8 years in 2000s, became PM after his opponent - who was leading in the polls - got assassinated. Single Bilderberger, joined the war on terror, oversaw the decade with the most deaths from terror-attacks on Dutch soil. |
| Joyce Banda | |
| Raymond Barre | French PM, single Bilderberger |
| Carl Bildt | Swedish deep politician, serial Bilderberger and visitor to the MSC. Sitting on an impressive number of deep state related commissions. |
| Tony Blair | Remarkably popular at the time, Tony Blair was a UK prime minister, now infamous for lying the UK into invading Iraq, notwithstanding massive opposition. He is currently sought for War crimes by many people. |
| Willy Brandt | West German Chancellor 1969-1974 |
| Gordon Brown | UK deep state functionary. Prime Minister from 2007-2010. WHO ambassador for Global Health Financing from 2021 |
| John Bruton | Club de Madrid, Triple Bilderberger Irish politician |
| Pierre Bérégovoy | A former French Prime Minister who supposedly committed suicide. |
| Felipe Calderón | WEF/Global Leader for Tomorrow 1997. President of Mexico 2006-2012. |
| Karl Carstens | German politician who attended the 1971 Bilderberg and caught a Bilderberg wind; became a member of the Bundestag in 1972. German President 1979-1984 |
| Helen Clark | WEF supported NZ politician |
| Alpha Condé | President of Guinea, who was overthrown in September 2021. |
| Süleyman Demirel | Turkish PM |
| Morarji Desai | Prime Minister of India who was on the CIA payroll |
| Philip Dimitrov | Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1991-1992. Ambassador to the United States 1998-2002. |
| Frank Field | British politician |
| François Fillon | Bilderberger billionaire fraudster, French PM from 2007-2012 |
| Heinz Fischer | President of Austria for 12 years. 3 Bilderberg |
| Arnaldo Forlani | Prime Minister of Italy who resigned after the P2 lodge was exposed.[1] |
| George Foulkes | UK politician |
| Malcolm Fraser | |
| Indira Gandhi | Le Cercle |
| Joachim Gauck | President of Germany 2012-2017 |
| Laurent Gbagbo | President of the Ivory Coast (2000 to 2011) |
| Isabel Gil | Attended the 2024 Bilderberg as rector of the Catholic University of Portugal. |
| Julia Gillard | Prime Minister of Australia from 2011 to 2013 who went on'a CIA re-education course'. From 2021 Chair of the Wellcome Trust. Her services to the Israel lobby got her husband a cushy job. |
| Valery Giscard d'Estaing | Rothschild bankster who was President of France from 1974 to 1981, Bilderberger |
| Abdullah Gul | President of Turkey 2007-2014, Attended the Halifax International Security Forum/2014, Munich Security Conference/2015, WEF/Annual Meeting/2007, member of the US/Department/State/International Visitor Leadership Program |
| Alfred Gusenbauer | Club de Madrid, quad Bilderberger Austrian politician |
| António Guterres | Bilderberger US Secretary general, particularly aggressive promoter of COVID jab mandation |
| Tarja Halonen | President of Finland 2000-2012 |
| Yukio Hatoyama | Prime Minister of Japan 2009-2010 |
| Edward Heath | UK Prime Minister, posthumously suggested to be controlled through the UK/VIPaedophile operation |
| Thorbjørn Jagland | Trilateral Commission,Prime Minister, Nobel Prize Committee |
| Lionel Jospin | Bilderberg 1996. French PM 1997-2002 |
| Alain Juppé | French PM, suspected deep state operative, Bilderberg, Le Cercle |
| Naoto Kan | Prime Minister of Japan 2010-2011 |
| Konstantinos Karamanlis | President and Prime Minister of Greece on multiple occasions from 1955-1995 |
| Jyrki Katainen | Triple Bilderberger Finnish PM and favorite of the financial system. Wants neutral Finland to join NATO. Later EU Commissioner. |
| Paul Keating | |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger | Five early Bilderbergs, German Chancellor. Possible tool of the BND |
| Norman Kirk | The 29th Prime Minister of New Zealand. An outspoken critic of US foreign policy, he died suddenly while in office, reportedly due to overwork. |
| F. W. de Klerk | last state president of apartheid-era South Africa. |
| Wim Kok | Dutch Minister of State, Dutch PM, Bilderberg, sued for war crimes in Yugoslavia where he and Jozias van Aartsen blamed "the wind" for missing targets by thousands of meters, killing dozens. Court found NATO and the Dutch Air Force and not the wind guilty, as NATO "used wrong legal basis". |
| Bruno Kreisky | Single Bilderberger Austrian Chancellor |
| Aleksander Kwaśniewski | As President of Poland, let the CIA run a secret prison on Polish territory |
| David Lange | Introduced New Zealand's nuclear-free policy |
| Paavo Lipponen | Penta-Bilderberger, Prime Minister of Finland |
| ... further results | |
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References
- ↑ https://eca.state.gov/ivlp
- ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12880901
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090204214253/exchanges.state.gov/ivlp/alumni.html
- ↑ Scott-Smith, G.'Searching for the Successor Generation: Public Diplomacy, the US Embassy’s International Visitor Program and the Labour Party in the 1980s', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol 8 Issue 2, Pages 214-237, 2006,accessed August 2011
- ↑ Scott-Smith, G. 'Searching for the Successor Generation: Public Diplomacy, the US Embassy’s International Visitor Program and the Labour Party in the 1980s', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol 8 Issue 2, Pages 214-237, 2006,accessed August 2011
- ↑ https://powerbase.info/index.php/International_Visitor_Leadership_Program
- ↑ Humza Yousaf Register of Interests,Scottish Parliament Website,accessed August 2011
- ↑ Humza Yousaf Ministerial and Party Posts, Scottish Parliament Website, accessed August 2011
- ↑ Osama Saeed SNP Page,Glasgow SNP Website,accessed August 2011
- ↑ Osama Saeed,Osama Saeed Website,accessed August 2011
- ↑ https://www.linkedin.com/posts/oliver-rolofs-662290127_germanivlpalumniassociation-berlin-activity-7154405449386110976-XFG3
