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| − | {{short description|Canadian psychologist}}
| + | <i>This is a shortened import from the Wikipedia article as it appeared 13 April 2021.</i> |
| − | {{Infobox scientist | + | {{person |
| − | | name = Robert D. Hare | + | |wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Hare |
| − | | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=CAN|CM|size=100%}} | + | |birth_date=1934 |
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| + | |image=Robert Hare.jpg |
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| + | |alma_mater=University of British Columbia |
| − | | image = | + | |nationality=Canada |
| − | | image_size = | + | |imdb=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4675520/ |
| − | | alt = | + | |amazon=https://www.amazon.com/Robert-D.-Hare/e/B001H6N9DG |
| − | | caption = | + | |alchetron=https://alchetron.com/Robert-D-Hare |
| − | | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1934}} | + | |infogalactic=https://infogalactic.com/info/Robert_D._Hare |
| − | | birth_place = [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Canada
| + | |website=http://www.hare.org/ |
| − | | death_date = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)-->
| + | |interests=Psychopathy, Sociopathy, Criminal psychology |
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| + | |constitutes=Academic, Author, Psychologist |
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| − | | nationality = [[Canadians|Canadian]]
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| − | | fields = [[Criminal psychology]]
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| − | | notable_students =
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| − | | known_for = Work on [[psychopathy]], ''[[Psychopathy Checklist]]''
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| − | | influences = | |
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| − | | awards = [[Order of Canada]]<br>
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| − | [[CPA Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science]]
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| − | | website = {{url|hare.org|Hare.org}}
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| | + | '''Robert D. Hare''' is a Canadian [[psychologist]], known for his research in the field of [[criminal psychology]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060207104416/http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/psychology/robert_hare/index.html</ref> He is a professor emeritus of the [[University of British Columbia]], where his studies center on psychopathology and psychophysiology. In the [[1970s]] he published: ''Psychopathy: Theory and Research'', summarizing the state of the field, and became internationally influential in shaping the concept. |
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| − | '''Robert D. Hare''' {{post-nominals|country=CAN|CM}} (born 1934) is a Canadian psychologist, known for his research in the field of [[criminal psychology]]. He is a professor [[emeritus]] of the [[University of British Columbia]], where his studies center on [[psychopathology]] and [[psychophysiology]].
| + | Hare developed the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, which is used to assess cases of [[psychopathy]].<ref>http://www.businessinsider.com/hare-psychopath-checklist-test-sociopath-2016-11?r=UK&IR=T</ref><ref>https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/turns-out-the-predominant-traits-of-psychopaths-differ-between-cultures/articleshow/62902038.cms</ref> He advised the [[FBI]]'s [[Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center]] (CASMIRC) and consulted for various British and North American [[prison]] services. |
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| − | Hare developed the [[Hare Psychopathy Checklist]] (PCL-Revised), used to assess cases of [[psychopathy]].<ref>{{Cite news|first=Jim|last=Edwards|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/hare-psychopath-checklist-test-sociopath-2016-11?r=UK&IR=T|title='The Hare Psychopathy Checklist': The test that will tell you if someone is a sociopath|work=[[Business Insider]]|date=November 24, 2016|access-date=February 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/turns-out-the-predominant-traits-of-psychopaths-differ-between-cultures/articleshow/62902038.cms|title=Turns out, the predominant traits of psychopaths differ between cultures|date=February 13, 2018|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref> He advises the [[FBI]]'s [[Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center]] (CASMIRC) and consults for various British and North American prison services. | |
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| − | ==Life and career==
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| − | Hare was born in 1934 in [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Canada. Hare's father was a [[Roofer|roofing contractor]] and his mother was of [[French Canadian]] descent. He grew up in a working-class neighborhood of Calgary.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|first=Danielle|last=Egan|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2016/june/12-psychopath-and-the-hare|title=Into the Mind of a Psychopath|work=[[Discover Magazine]]|date=June 12, 2016|access-date=February 28, 2018}}</ref> Hare attended the [[University of Alberta]] for a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree which ended up 'more by default' with an emphasis on psychology. In 1959 he married Averil Hare whom he met in an abnormal psychology class, and a year later, their daughter, Cheryl, was born.<ref name=":0" />
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| − | In 1960, Hare completed a [[Master of Arts]] in psychology at the University of Alberta. He then moved to the USA to study for a [[PhD]] program in [[psychophysiology]] at the University of Oregon, but due to his daughter falling ill the family returned to Canada.<ref name="great">[http://www.greatcanadianpsych.ca/Researchers.html Researchers: Hare - Area: Abnormal - Affiliation: University of British Columbia] The Great Canadian Psychology Website, Joint initiative of Canadian Universities, 2005-2008</ref> Hare then worked as the psychologist in the prison system in British Columbia ([[British Columbia Penitentiary]]) for eight months, an area in which he had no particular qualification or training; indeed he would later recount in ''Without Conscience'' that some prisoners were able to [[Psychological manipulation|manipulate]] him.<ref>[http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/psychology/robert_hare/2.html Robert Hare: Early Experience] Katherine Ramsland</ref> Hare then moved to London, Ontario where he completed his PhD (1963) at the [[University of Western Ontario]] with a [[dissertation]] on the effects of [[punishment]] on behaviour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psych.ualberta.ca/GCPWS/Hare/Biography/Hare_bio3.html|title=Dr. Robert Hare - Biography|website=www.psych.ualberta.ca|access-date=2019-12-15}}</ref><ref name="great" /> His research led him to ''[[The Mask of Sanity]]'' by American psychiatrist [[Hervey M. Cleckley]], which played a pivotal role in the concept of psychopathy he applied and developed.<ref>[http://www.psychopathysociety.org/en/awards/rd-hare-lifetime-achievement-award.html Awards - R.D. Hare Lifetime Achievement Award] Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy</ref><ref name=":0" />
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| − | Hare then returned to [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, working as a professor at the UBC’s psychology department, where he would stay for 30 years until retirement, and undertaking research at the same prison he had previously worked in. He concluded that the reason some prisoners seemed not to change their behavior in response to punishment was because they were psychopaths. He recalls, "I happened to get into an area that nobody else was working in".<ref name=great/> Hare has said of himself and his wife Averil that family and the loss of family (their daughter Cheryl died from [[multiple sclerosis]] in 2003)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/vancouversun/obituary.aspx?n=cheryl-hare&pid=157262078|title=Cheryl Hare (obituary)|newspaper=[[The Vancouver Sun]]|access-date=February 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.psychopathysociety.org/en/awards/cheryl-wynne-hare-award-recipients-graduate-student-award.html|title=Cheryl Wynne Hare Award - Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy|website=www.psychopathysociety.org|language=en-gb|access-date=February 28, 2018}}</ref> "defines an awful lot about who Averil and I are."<ref name=great/><ref>[http://www.psychopathysociety.org/en/awards/cheryl-wynne-hare-award-recipients-graduate-student-award.html Awards - Cheryl Wynne Hare Award] Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy</ref> Averil, his wife, is a researcher and prominent social worker in Canada specializing in child abuse and child welfare.
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| − | In the 1970s he published ''Psychopathy: Theory and Research'', summarizing the state of the field, and became internationally influential in reviving and shaping the concept.
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| − | Hare retired in 2000, closing his psychopathy research lab at the University of British Columbia.<ref name=":0" /> In 2010, he was awarded the [[Canadian Psychological Association]]'s [[CPA Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science|Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpa.ca/aboutcpa/cpaawards/awarddescriptions/|title=CPA Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science|date=2019|website=Canadian Psychological Association|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> The same year, he was named a member of the Order of Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-973|title=Mr. Robert D. Hare|last=General|website=The Governor General of Canada|access-date=2019-12-15}}</ref>
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| | ==Research== | | ==Research== |
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| | ===Causes of psychopathy=== | | ===Causes of psychopathy=== |
| − | Hare's research on the causes of psychopathy focused initially on whether such persons show abnormal patterns of anticipation or response (such as low levels of anxiety or high impulsiveness) to aversive stimuli ('punishments' such as mild but painful electric shocks) or pleasant stimuli ('rewards', such as a slide of a naked body). Further, following Cleckley, Hare investigated whether the fundamental underlying pathology is a semantic [[Affect (psychology)|affective]] deficit - an inability to understand or experience the full emotional meaning of life events. While establishing a range of idiosyncrasies in linguistic and affective processing under certain conditions, the research program has not confirmed a common [[pathology]] of psychopathy. Hare's contention that the pathology is likely due in large part to an inherited or 'hard wired' deficit in [[Cerebral cortex|cerebral]] brain function remains speculative.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Christopher J.|editor-last=Patrick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OuNdrmHcJlgC&q=nato|title=Handbook of Psychopathy|date=2005|publisher=[[Guilford Press]]|location=New York City|isbn=978-1606238042|page=39}}</ref> | + | Hare examined linguistic processing and inter hemispheric blood flow in comparison to normal controls. He found differences and speculated that these differences are "probably constitutional or 'hard wired'" <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=OuNdrmHcJlgC&q=nato Handbook of Psychopathy, 2005, isbn: 978-1606238042, page: 39</ref> His findings in similar studies point to poor integration of affective components of language. He called these efforts "exploration in search of a theory" (ebd.) open to multiple contributing factors including complex interactions. As Hare has put it, "that their biological endowment — the raw materials that environmental, social, and learning experiences fashion into a unique individual — provides a poor basis for socialization and conscience formation." (Without Conscience, p.173) |
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| − | Hare has defined [[sociopathy]] as a condition distinct from psychopathy, caused by growing up in an antisocial or criminal subculture rather than being marked by a basic lack of social emotion or moral reasoning. He has also regarded the DSM-IV diagnosis of [[Antisocial Personality Disorder]] as separate to his concept of psychopathy, as it did not list the same underlying personality traits. He suggests that ASPD would cover several times more people than psychopathy, and that while the [[prevalence]] of sociopathy is not known it would likely cover considerably more people than ASPD.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Paul|last1=Babiak|first2=Robert D.|last2=Hare|title=Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work|publisher=[[Regan Books]]|location=New York City|date=2006|isbn=978-0-06-083-772-3|page=19|title-link=Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work}}</ref>
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| − | ===Assessment tools===
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| − | Frustrated by a lack of agreed definitions or rating systems of psychopathy, including at a ten-day international [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) conference in France in 1975, Hare began developing a Psychopathy Checklist. Produced for initial circulation in 1980, the same year that the DSM changed its diagnosis of sociopathic personality to [[Antisocial Personality Disorder]], it was based largely on the list of traits advanced by Cleckley, with whom Hare corresponded over the years. Hare redrafted the checklist in 1985 following Cleckley's death in 1984, renaming it the [[Hare Psychopathy Checklist]] Revised (PCL-R). It was finalised as a first edition in 1991, when it was also made available to the criminal justice system, which Hare says he did despite concerns that it was not designed for use outside of controlled experimental research.<ref>{{cite web|first=Alix|last=Spiegel|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/05/27/136723357/creator-of-psychopathy-test-worries-about-its-use|title=Creator Of Psychopathy Test Worries About Its Use|website=[[NPR]]|date=May 27, 2011}}</ref> It was updated with extra data in a 2nd edition in 2003.
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| − | The PCL-R was reviewed in ''Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook'' (1995), as being the "state of the art" both clinically and in research use. In 2005, the ''Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook'' review listed the PCL-R as "a reliable and effective instrument for the measurement of psychopathy" and is considered the 'gold standard' for measurement of psychopathy. However, it is also criticised.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Willem HJ|last=Martens|title=The problem with Robert Hare's psychopathy checklist: incorrect conclusions, high risk of misuse, and lack of reliability|journal=Medicine and Law|publisher=International Center for Health, Law and Medicine|date=June 2008|volume=27|issue=2|pages=449–62|pmid=18693491}}</ref>
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| − | Hare has accused the DSM's ASPD diagnosis of 'drifting' from clinical tradition, but his own checklist has been accused of in reality being closer to the concept of criminologists William and Joan McCord than that of Cleckley; Hare himself, while noting his promotion of Cleckley's work for four decades, has distanced himself somewhat from Cleckley's work.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Ellsworth Lapham|editor-last=Fersch|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NBC0jOMVmIYC|title=Thinking about Psychopaths and Psychopathy: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions|chapter=What are the differences between the psychopathy definitions designed by Hare and by Cleckley?|publisher=Bloomington, Indiana|isbn=9780595858910|date=2006}}</ref><ref name=Blackburn2005>{{cite book|first=Ronald|last=Blackburn|editor-first=Stephen|editor-last=Strack|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clrGnwE8mrIC|title=Handbook of Personology and Psychopathology|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|date=2005|chapter=Psychopathy as a Personality Construct|pages=271–289|isbn=978-0471693123}}</ref><ref name="HareNeumann2008">{{cite journal |doi=10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452 |title=Psychopathy as a Clinical and Empirical Construct |year=2008 |last1=Hare |first1=Robert D. |last2=Neumann |first2=Craig S. |journal=[[Annual Review of Clinical Psychology]] |publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]]|location=Palo Alto, California|volume=4 |pages=217–46 |pmid=18370617|url=http://www.hare.org/references/HareandNeumannARCP2008.pdf}}</ref>
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| − | Hare is also co-author of derivatives of the PCL: the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV)<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Douglas|last1=Tucker|first2=Mikel|last2=Matto|url=https://pro.psychcentral.com/measuring-the-quiet-man-estimating-risk-of-violence/|title=Measuring the Quiet Man: Estimating Risk of Violence|date=June 1, 2014|work=Psych Central Professional|access-date=February 28, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> (still requires a clinical interview and review of records by a trained clinician), the P-Scan (P for psychopathy, a screening questionnaire for non-clinicians to detect possible psychopathy), the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) (to assess youth and children exhibiting early signs of psychopathy), and the Antisocial Process Screening Device (originally the Psychopathy Screening Device; a questionnaire for parents/staff to fill out on youth, or in a version developed by others, for youth to fill out as self-report).<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Daniel C.|last1=Murrie|first2=Dewey G.|last2=Cornel|title=Psychopathy Screening of Incarcerated Juveniles: A Comparison of Measures|journal=[[Psychological Assessment (journal)|Psychological Assessment]]|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|location=Washington, D.C.|volume=14|issue=4|date=December 2002|pages=390–396|citeseerx=10.1.1.177.1113|doi=10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.390|pmid=12501564}}</ref> Hare is also a co-author of the ''Guidelines for a Psychopathy Treatment Program''. He has also co-developed the 'B-Scan' questionnaires for people to rate psychopathy traits in others in the workplace.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joanna|last=Hill-Tout|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/3395443.stm|title=The Psychopaths in Suits|website=[[BBC]]|date=14 January 2004}}</ref>
| + | ===PCL-R=== |
| − | | + | The ''Psychopathy Checklist-Revised'' (PCL-R) is a diagnostic tool used to rate a person's psychopathic or antisocial tendencies. Originally designed to assess people accused or convicted of crimes, the PCL-R consists of a 20-item symptom rating scale that allows qualified examiners to compare a subject's degree of psychopathy with that of a prototypical psychopath.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170905033754/https://www.psychforums.com/antisocial-personality/topic62959.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211210005512/https://psychopathsinlife.com/psychopath-checklist-traits/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211221180727/http://www.clintools.com/victims/resources/assessment/personality/psychopathy_checklist.html</ref> |
| − | Hare was involved in a controversy in 2010 in which he threatened legal action if a peer-reviewed psychology article on the PCL was published that he claimed misrepresented his views. The paper eventually was published after a three-year delay.<ref>{{cite news|first=Benedict|last=Carey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/12/health/12psych.html|title=Academic Battle Delays Publication by 3 Years|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[New York Times Company]]|location=New York City|date=June 11, 2010}}</ref>
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| − | ===Impact===
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| − | The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is sometimes used as a standard instrument for researchers and clinicians, especially in forensic settings such as prisons or high secure psychiatric units.<ref name=":0" /> The measures play an important role in recent risk-for-violence instruments. The PCL-R and PCL:SV have been found to be strong predictors of [[recidivism]], [[violence]] and response to therapeutic intervention, though some studies have attributed this largely to the inclusion in the measure of past offending history.
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| − | The ability of Hare's concept of psychopathy to explain or predict crime has also been criticised, for example by [[Glenn D. Walters]] a long-serving US forensic clinical psychologist and Associate Professor of Criminal Justice.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Glenn D.|last=Walters|author-link=Glenn D. Walters|url=https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=204918|title=The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime|journal=[[International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology]]|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|location=Thousand Oaks, California|volume=48|issue=2|date=April 2004|pages=133–148|doi=10.1177/0306624X03259472|pmid=15070462|s2cid=40939723}}</ref>
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| | == Popular science == | | == Popular science == |
| − | Hare wrote a [[popular science]] bestseller published in 1993 titled ''Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us'' (reissued 1999).<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Robert D.|last=Hare|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199401/charming-psychopath|title=This Charming Psychopath|website=[[Psychology Today]]|publisher=[[Sussex Publishers]]|location=New York City|language=en|date=January 1, 1994|access-date=February 28, 2018}}</ref> He describes psychopaths as 'social [[Predation|predators]]', while pointing out that most don't commit murder. One philosophical review described it as having a high moral tone yet tending towards sensationalism and graphic anecdotes, and as providing a useful summary of the assessment of psychopathy but ultimately avoiding the difficult questions regarding internal contradictions in the concept or how it should be classified.<ref>{{cite web|first=Christian|last=Perring|author-link=Christian Perring|url=http://metapsychology.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=book&id=65|title=Review - Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us|website=Metapsychology Online|publisher=[[Guilford Press]]|location=New York City|volume=3|issue=17|date=April 25, 1999}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Without_conscience.html?id=NXwoAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Without conscience: the disturbing world of the psychopaths among us] Robert D. Hare, 1 Nov 1993</ref> | + | Hare wrote a popular science bestseller published in [[1993]] titled ''Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us'' (reissued 1999).<ref>https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199401/charming-psychopath</ref> He describes psychopaths as 'social predators', while pointing out that most don't commit murder. |
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| − | Hare also co-authored the bestselling ''[[Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work]]'' (2006) with [[Industrial and organizational psychology|organizational psychologist]] and [[Human resource management|human resources consultant]] [[Paul Babiak]], a portrayal of the disruptions caused when psychopaths enter the workplace. The book focuses on what Hare refers to as the "successful psychopath", who can be charming and socially skilled and therefore able to get by in the workplace. This is by contrast with the type of psychopath whose lack of social skills or self-control would cause them to rely on threats and coercion and who would probably not be able to hold down a job for long.
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| − | Hare appeared in the 2003/4 award-winning documentary film ''[[The Corporation (2003 film)|The Corporation]]'', discussing whether his criteria for psychopathy could be said to apply to modern business as a [[legal personality]], appearing to conclude that many of them would apply by definition.<ref>[http://www.thecorporation.com/index.cfm?page_id=314 ''The Corporation'' Transcripts and Extras] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601232720/http://www.thecorporation.com/index.cfm?page_id=314 |date=2013-06-01 }} - Hear more from... Hare.</ref> However, in a 2007 edition of ''Snakes in Suits'', Hare contends that the filmmakers took his remarks out of context and that he does not believe most corporations would meet all the necessary criteria in practice.<ref>Hare & Babiak, p. 95</ref>
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| − | Hare's views are recounted with some skepticism in the 2011 bestseller ''[[The Psychopath Test]]'' by British investigative journalist [[Jon Ronson]], to which Hare has responded.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jon|last=Ronson|author-link=Jon Ronson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XswUKz4IRmgC|title=The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]|location=New York City|date=2011|isbn=978-1447202509}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Hare|first=Robert D.|title=A Commentary on Ronson's The Psychopath Test: A Journey Through the Madness Industry |url=http://psychopathysociety.org/images/hare%20commentary%20on%20ronson%20april%2017%202012.pdf|website=www.psychopathysociety.org|publisher=[[Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy]]|location=Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada|date=April 16, 2012}}</ref> | + | Hare also co-authored the bestselling ''Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work'' ([[2006]]) with organizational psychologist and human resources consultant [[Paul Babiak]], a portrayal of the disruptions caused when psychopaths enter the workplace. The book focuses on what Hare refers to as the "successful psychopath", who can be charming and socially skilled and therefore able to get by in the workplace. This is by contrast with the type of psychopath whose lack of social skills or self-control would cause them to rely on threats and coercion and who would probably not be able to hold down a job for long. |
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| − | Hare served as a consultant for [[Jacob M. Appel]]'s ''[[Mask of Sanity (novel)|Mask of Sanity]]'' (2017), a novel about a high-functioning sociopath.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacob M.|last=Appel|author-link=Jacob M. Appel|title=Mask of Sanity|publisher=[[Permanent Press]]|location=Sag Harbor, New York City|date=2017|isbn=978-1-57962-495-8|title-link=Mask of Sanity (novel)}}</ref> | + | Hare appeared in the 2003/4 award-winning documentary film ''The Corporation'', discussing whether his criteria for psychopathy could be said to apply to modern business as a legal personality, appearing to conclude that many of them would apply by definition.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130601232720/http://www.thecorporation.com/index.cfm?page_id=314</ref> However, in a [[2007]] edition of ''Snakes in Suits'', Hare contends that the filmmakers took his remarks out of context and that he does not believe most corporations would meet all the necessary criteria in practice. |
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| − | ==See also==
| + | He was a consultant for Jacob M. Appel's ''Mask of Sanity'' (2017), a novel about a high-functioning [[sociopath]]. |
| − | *[[History of psychopathy]]
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| − | *[[Evil Genes]]
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| − | *[[The Psychopath Test]]
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| − | *[[Frank Ochberg]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist}}
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| | ==External links== | | ==External links== |
| − | * [http://www.hare.org Robert Hare's website] | + | * Robert Hare is featured in the documentary ''"[http://www.fisheadmovie.com/ I Am Fishead]"'', together with other world-renowned experts in the field. |
| − | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060207104416/http://www.crimelibrary.com/criminal_mind/psychology/robert_hare/index.html All about Dr. Robert Hare] - CrimeLibrary.com | + | **[http://archive.today/2020.06.26-010326/https://bbsradio.com/cgi-bin/webbbs/webbbs_config.pl?md=read;id=19857 Promotional access code for viewing] |
| − | * [http://www.brettbeadle.com/blog/2011/06/07/the-psychopath-test/ Brett Beadle Photography: The Psychopath Test] (2011) shoot for NPR radio show | + | **[http://archive.today/2020.08.04-165631/http://psychopathsandlove.com/i-amd-fishead/ Short synopsis] |
| | + | **[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2856738/ IMDB page.] |
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| − | {{Authority control}} | + | {{PageCredit |
| | + | |site=Wikipedia |
| | + | |date=13 April 2021 |
| | + | |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Hare |
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| − | {{Psychopathy}} | + | {{SMWDocs}} |
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Hare, Robert}} | + | ==References== |
| − | [[Category:1934 births]]
| + | {{reflist}} |
| − | [[Category:Criminal psychologists]]
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| − | [[Category:Canadian people of French descent]]
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| − | [[Category:Members of the Order of Canada]]
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| − | [[Category:21st-century Canadian non-fiction writers]]
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| − | [[Category:21st-century Canadian male writers]]
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This is a shortened import from the Wikipedia article as it appeared 13 April 2021.
Robert D. Hare is a Canadian psychologist, known for his research in the field of criminal psychology.[1] He is a professor emeritus of the University of British Columbia, where his studies center on psychopathology and psychophysiology. In the 1970s he published: Psychopathy: Theory and Research, summarizing the state of the field, and became internationally influential in shaping the concept.
Hare developed the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, which is used to assess cases of psychopathy.[2][3] He advised the FBI's Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center (CASMIRC) and consulted for various British and North American prison services.
Research
Causes of psychopathy
Hare examined linguistic processing and inter hemispheric blood flow in comparison to normal controls. He found differences and speculated that these differences are "probably constitutional or 'hard wired'" [4] His findings in similar studies point to poor integration of affective components of language. He called these efforts "exploration in search of a theory" (ebd.) open to multiple contributing factors including complex interactions. As Hare has put it, "that their biological endowment — the raw materials that environmental, social, and learning experiences fashion into a unique individual — provides a poor basis for socialization and conscience formation." (Without Conscience, p.173)
PCL-R
The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is a diagnostic tool used to rate a person's psychopathic or antisocial tendencies. Originally designed to assess people accused or convicted of crimes, the PCL-R consists of a 20-item symptom rating scale that allows qualified examiners to compare a subject's degree of psychopathy with that of a prototypical psychopath.[5][6][7]
Popular science
Hare wrote a popular science bestseller published in 1993 titled Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us (reissued 1999).[8] He describes psychopaths as 'social predators', while pointing out that most don't commit murder.
Hare also co-authored the bestselling Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work (2006) with organizational psychologist and human resources consultant Paul Babiak, a portrayal of the disruptions caused when psychopaths enter the workplace. The book focuses on what Hare refers to as the "successful psychopath", who can be charming and socially skilled and therefore able to get by in the workplace. This is by contrast with the type of psychopath whose lack of social skills or self-control would cause them to rely on threats and coercion and who would probably not be able to hold down a job for long.
Hare appeared in the 2003/4 award-winning documentary film The Corporation, discussing whether his criteria for psychopathy could be said to apply to modern business as a legal personality, appearing to conclude that many of them would apply by definition.[9] However, in a 2007 edition of Snakes in Suits, Hare contends that the filmmakers took his remarks out of context and that he does not believe most corporations would meet all the necessary criteria in practice.
He was a consultant for Jacob M. Appel's Mask of Sanity (2017), a novel about a high-functioning sociopath.
External links
- Robert Hare is featured in the documentary "I Am Fishead", together with other world-renowned experts in the field.
This page imported content from
Wikipedia on 13 April 2021.
Wikipedia is not affiliated with Wikispooks. Original page source
here
Quotes by Robert Hare
| Page | Quote |
|---|
| Psychopathy | “Even in the face of contrary evidence, the psychopath can lie so well that listeners doubt themselves first, rather than question the psychopath.” |
| Psychopathy | “(Psychopaths are) people who I think, at the core, lack a real concern and emotional connection with people. They don't seem to understand that other people have rights. I think this is partly because of a stunning incapacity - a lack of capacity - for empathy. I think if you wanted a shorthand term, it would be people who lack a conscience.” |
| Psychopathy/Psychopathy and staged events | “It is only beneath the surface, well hidden from view, that darker tendencies lie.” |
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References
Robert Hare 
