Difference between revisions of "1100"

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|description=King [[William II]] dies in a "hunting accident". Henry I is crowned King of England. To mollify the barons he has to grant them the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a written constitution in Europe.
 
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== Events ==
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<onlyinclude>
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=== By place ===
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==== Levant ====
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* January &ndash; The Seljuk ruler [[Mahmud I of Great Seljuq|Mahmud I]] is expelled from [[Baghdad|Bagdad]] by his brother [[Barkiyaruq]], but Mahmud manages to retake the city, during his spring offensive.<ref>Maalouf, Amid (1983). La Croisade vue par les Arabes. Paris: Lattès. p. 74.</ref>
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* May or June &ndash; [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond IV]] ('''Saint-Gilles''') sails to [[Constantinople]] to obtain the support of Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos|Alexios I]] ('''Komnenos'''), in his attempt to seize [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]].<ref>Hill, John Hugh; Hill, Laurita Lyttleton (1959). Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles, 1041 (ou 1042)-1105. Privat.</ref>
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* [[August 1]] &ndash; A [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] fleets leaves [[Italy]], to support the Crusaders' effort to conquer the coastal cities; the ships reach [[Latakia]] on  [[September 25]].<ref>Hagenmeyer, Hendrich (1973). Chronologie de la première croisade, 1094-1100. Olms.</ref>
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* August &ndash; [[Battle of Melitene]]: [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]] is captured by the [[Danishmends]], leaving [[Tancred, Prince of Galilee|Tancred]] as regent of the [[Principality of Antioch]] for two years.
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* [[August 20]] &ndash; With the support of the [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] fleet, the Crusaders under Tancred capture the coastal city of [[Haifa]].
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* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem|Baldwin I]] is crowned first [[King of Jerusalem]] at the [[Church of the Nativity]] in [[Bethlehem]], by [[Dagobert of Pisa|Daimbert]], the new [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]], following the death of the previous ruler, Baldwin's brother [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], on [[July 18]].<ref>http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm</ref>
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* After a success over the Armenians of [[Cilicia]] and the Emirate of [[Aleppo]], [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem|Baldwin of Bourcq]] becomes [[County of Edessa|Count of Edessa]], with the support of Daimbert.
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* [[Genoa]], [[Venice]] and [[Pisa]] gain trading privileges from the [[Crusader states]], in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.
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==== Europe ====
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* [[August 2]] &ndash; King [[William II of England|William II]] (or '''William Rufus''') dies in a [[hunting]] accident in the [[New Forest]]. Sir [[Walter Tirel]] is accused of having shot the arrow but flees the country to avoid a trial. [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] claims the throne.
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* [[August 5]] &ndash; Henry I is crowned [[List of monarchs of England|King of England]], at [[Westminster Abbey]]. The power of the new monarch is ill-assured, and to mollify the barons he has to grant them the [[Charter of Liberties]], one of the first examples of a written [[constitution]] in [[Europe]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100623154402/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html</ref>
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* [[August 30]] &ndash; After the failure of the [[Council of Liubech]] in [[1097]], the Congress of Vytechev establishes peace and the feudal system in [[Kievan Rus]]; the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them. [[Sviatopolk II of Kiev]] becomes the first Grand Prince.
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* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Battle of Malagon]]: The Almoravid army defeats the Castellan troops.<ref>Buresi, Pascal (2004). La frontière entre chrétienté et islam dans la péninsule Ibérique. Publibook. </ref>
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* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] returns from [[exile]], at the invitation of Henry I.
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* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Peter I of Aragon]] conquers [[Barbastro]] (modern [[Spain]]) from the hands of the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]].<ref>Sénac, Philippe (2000). La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe-XIIe siècle. Maisonneuve et Larose. </ref><ref>https://books.google.com/?id=EoDuA8fv9rEC&dq=christian+mercenaries+maghrib</ref>
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* [[November 11]] - Henry I marries [[Matilda of Scotland]], the daughter of King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] and a direct descendant of the Saxon king [[Edmund Ironside]].
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* Henry I grants the ownership of [[Carisbrooke Castle]] on the [[Isle of Wight]] to [[Richard de Redvers]], a Norman nobleman.
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* [[November 18]] &ndash; The Council of [[Poitier]] opens, but is soon forcibly closed by [[William IX, Duke of Aquitaine|William IX]], duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], as the bishops were about to excommunicate King [[Philip I of France|Philip I]] once more.<ref>O'Reilly, Patrice-John (1857). Histoire complète de Bordeaux, Volume 1, Parties 1 à 2. Delmas.</ref>
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* [[December 25]] &ndash; Philip I elevates his son [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] as co-ruler to the government of the realm.
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* In [[Iceland]], the [[Althing]] decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date).
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* Intense urban activity in north and central Europe:  [[Kalmar]] ([[Kungälv]]) and [[Varberg]] ([[Sweden]]) are chartered; The cities of [[Aach, Baden-Württemberg|Aach]] (southern [[Germany]]) and Nakléřov in [[Bohemia]] are created. The castle of [[List of castles in Hesse#Main-Taunus-Kreis|Burg Eppstein]] is built in central Germany.
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* Philip I conquers the [[Vexin]] area, and adds the city of [[Bourges]] and the province of [[Berry]] to his estate.<ref>Hoefer, Jean (1862). Nouvelle biographie générale. Firmin Didot frères.</ref>
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==== Africa ====
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* [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] traders establish the city of [[Timbuktu]] (modern [[Mali]]) north of [[Djenné]] along the [[Niger River]]. Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. The [[Sankore Madrasah|Sankore]], [[Djinguereber Mosque|Djinguereber]] and [[Sidi Yahya Mosque|Sidi Yahya]] mosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date).
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==== China ====
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* [[February 23]] &ndash; Emperor [[Emperor Zhezong|Zhe Zong]] dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brother [[Emperor Huizong of Song|Hui Zong]] as ruler of the [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]].
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* In [[Kaifeng]], capital of the Song Dynasty, is the number of registered citizens within the walls about 1,050,000. The army stationed there boosts the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.
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* The [[Liao dynasty|Liao Dynasty]] crushes the [[Zubu]], a tribute state of the [[Khitan Empire]], and takes their ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'' prisoner.
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* The Chinese population reaches about 100 million during the Song Dynasty (approximate date).
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==== Americas ====
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* [[Oraibi, Arizona|Oraibi]], a [[Hopi]] village in [[Navajo County, Arizona|Navajo County]], becomes the oldest populated settlement in modern-day [[Arizona]] ([[United States]]).
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* The [[Ancestral Puebloans]] culture, located in the modern-day [[Four Corners]] (United States), rises (approximate date).
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* The city of [[Cusco]] (modern [[Peru]]) is founded (approximate date).
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=== By topic ===
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==== Religion ====
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* [[September 8]] &ndash; Antipope [[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]] dies at [[Civita Castellana]] after a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popes [[Pope Gregory VII|Gregory VII]], [[Pope Victor III|Victor III]] and [[Pope Urban II|Urban II]].  Supporters of Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] in [[Rome]] choose [[Antipope Theodoric|Theodoric]] as his successor.
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* [[Frederick I (Archbishop of Cologne)|Frederick I]] becomes archbishop of [[Cologne]], and begins the construction of the castle of Volmarstein.
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* The [[Stift St. Georgen]] Abbey is founded near [[Sankt Georgen am Längsee]] (modern [[Austria]]).
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* The Diocese of [[Faroe Islands|Faroe]] is founded (approximate date).
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==== Technology ====
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* [[Draughts|Checkers]] is invented (approximate date).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100222144719/http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm#</ref>
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</onlyinclude>
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[[File:Death of William Rufus.jpg|upright=0.7|thumb|right|2 August: death of [[William II of England|William II]] during a hunt, killed by an arrow of [[Walter Tirel]].]]
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== Births ==
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* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Judith of Bavaria, Duchess of Swabia|Judith of Bavaria]], duchess of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]] (d. [[1130]])
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* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Emperor Qinzong|Qin Zong]], Chinese emperor (d. [[1161]])
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* [[Achard of Saint Victor]], Norman bishop (d. [[1171]])
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* [[Pope Adrian IV|Adrian IV]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1159]])
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* [[Albert the Bear|Albert I]] ('''the Bear'''), margrave of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]] (d. [[1170]])
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* [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]], pope of the Catholic Church (d. [[1181]])
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* [[Anselm of Havelberg]], German bishop (approximate date)
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* [[Arnold I of Cologne|Arnold I]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]] (approximate date)
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* [[Bruno II von Berg|Bruno II of Berg]], archbishop of Cologne (d. [[1137]])
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* [[Biddenden Maids|Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst]], English [[conjoined twins]] (d. [[1134]])
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* [[Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily|Elvira of Castile]], queen of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (approximate date)
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* [[Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Gilbert de Clare]], [[Earl of Pembroke|1st Earl of Pembroke]] (d. [[1148]])
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* [[Héloïse|Héloïse d'Argenteuil]], French [[abbess]] and scholar (d. [[1162]])
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* [[Herman of Carinthia]], German astronomer (d. [[1160]])
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* [[Hillin of Falmagne]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]] (d. [[1169]])
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* [[Jabir ibn Aflah]], Arab [[Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world|astronomer]] and [[Mathematics in medieval Islam|mathematician]] (d. [[1150]])
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* [[John of Meda]], Italian monk and [[abbot]] (d. 1159)
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* [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]], Almoravid [[Geography and cartography in medieval Islam|geographer]] (d. [[1165]])
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* [[Owain Gwynedd]], king of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] (approximate date)
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* [[Rabbeinu Tam|Jacob ben Meir Tam]], French Jewish [[rabbi]] (d. 1171)
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* [[Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester|Robert de Beaumont]], [[Earl of Leicester|2nd Earl Leicester]] (d. [[1168]])
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* [[Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby|Robert de Ferrers]], [[Earl of Derby|2nd Earl of Derby]] (d. 1162)
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* [[Robert of Melun]], bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]] (d. [[1167]])
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* [[Robert of Newminster]], English abbot (d. 1159)
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* [[Teobaldo Roggeri]], Italian [[Shoemaking|shoemaker]] (d. 1150)
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== Deaths ==
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* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Emperor Zhezong|Zhe Zong]], Chinese emperor (b. [[1077]])
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* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Gerland of Agrigento|Gerland]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agrigento|Agrigento]]
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* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde]], German [[Nobility|noblewoman]]
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* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], French nobleman (b. [[1060]])
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* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Warner of Grez]], French nobleman
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* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[William II of England|William II]] (or '''William Rufus'''), king of [[Kingdom of England|England]]
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* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Antipope Clement III|Clement III]], antipope of [[Rome]]
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* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Bernold of Constance]], German chronicler
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* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Guy I, Count of Ponthieu|Guy I]] (or '''Wido'''), French nobleman
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* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Thomas of Bayeux]], archbishop of [[Diocese of York|York]]
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* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Bretislav II]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]]
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* [[Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi]], Hanafi-Maturidi scholar (b. [[1030]])
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* [[Azzo of Gobatsburg]], Swedish nobleman (approximate date)
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* [[Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century)|Geoffrey de Mandeville]], [[Constable of the Tower]]
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* [[Geoffrey, Count of Conversano|Geoffrey the Elder]], Italo-Norman nobleman
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* [[Jaya Pala]], Indian ruler of the [[Kamarupa|Kamarupa Kingdom]] (b. [[1075]])
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* [[Qin Guan]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] and writer (approximate date)
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* [[Qutb al-din Hasan]], ruler (''[[malik]]'') of the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghurid Dynasty]]
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* [[Robert de Stafford]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)
 
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==References==
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Latest revision as of 12:25, 19 February 2021

1090 < 1091 < 1092 < 1093 < 1094 < 1095 < 1096 <1097 < 1098 < 1099 < 1100 > 1101 > 1102 > 1103 > 1104 > 1105 > 1106 > 1107 > 1108 > 1109 > 1110
Decade.png ( 1100s: )    Year.png 1100 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
King William II dies in a "hunting accident". Henry I is crowned King of England. To mollify the barons he has to grant them the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a written constitution in Europe.

Events

By place

Levant

Europe

Africa

China

  • February 23 – Emperor Zhe Zong dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brother Hui Zong as ruler of the Song Dynasty.
  • In Kaifeng, capital of the Song Dynasty, is the number of registered citizens within the walls about 1,050,000. The army stationed there boosts the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.
  • The Liao Dynasty crushes the Zubu, a tribute state of the Khitan Empire, and takes their khan prisoner.
  • The Chinese population reaches about 100 million during the Song Dynasty (approximate date).

Americas

By topic

Religion

Technology

2 August: death of William II during a hunt, killed by an arrow of Walter Tirel.

Births

Deaths

 

A New Group

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References

  1. ↑ Maalouf, Amid (1983). La Croisade vue par les Arabes. Paris: Lattès. p. 74.
  2. ↑ Hill, John Hugh; Hill, Laurita Lyttleton (1959). Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles, 1041 (ou 1042)-1105. Privat.
  3. ↑ Hagenmeyer, Hendrich (1973). Chronologie de la première croisade, 1094-1100. Olms.
  4. ↑ http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100623154402/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html
  6. ↑ Buresi, Pascal (2004). La frontière entre chrétienté et islam dans la péninsule Ibérique. Publibook.
  7. ↑ Sénac, Philippe (2000). La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe-XIIe siècle. Maisonneuve et Larose.
  8. ↑ https://books.google.com/?id=EoDuA8fv9rEC&dq=christian+mercenaries+maghrib
  9. ↑ O'Reilly, Patrice-John (1857). Histoire complète de Bordeaux, Volume 1, Parties 1 à 2. Delmas.
  10. ↑ Hoefer, Jean (1862). Nouvelle biographie générale. Firmin Didot frères.
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100222144719/http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm#
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